THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA CENTRAL STATISTICAL AGENCY AGRICULTURAL SAMPLE SURVEY 2008/09 (2001 E.C) VOLUME V

Transcription

1 THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA CENTRAL STATISTICAL AGENCY AGRICULTURAL SAMPLE SURVEY 2008/09 (2001 E.C) VOLUME V REPORT ON AREA AND PRODUCTION OF BELG SEASON CROPS FOR PRIVATE PEASANT HOLDINGS ADDIS ABABA OCTOBER STATISTICAL BULLETIN 446

2 CONTENTS PAGE LIST OF TABLES II LIST OF FIGURES.. III I INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVS OF THE SURVEY 1.1 Introduction Objectives of te Survey.. 2 II SURVEY METHODOLOGY, DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING Coverage Sampling Frame Sample Design Selection Sceme Field Organization Training of Field Staff Metods of Data collection Data processing.. 6 a. Editing, Coding and Verification. 6 b. Data Entry, Cleaning and Tabulation Basic Concepts and Definitions. 7 III SUMMARY OF THE MAJOR FINIDINGS OF THE SURVEY.. 9 IV Statistical Tables Presenting Results at National and Regional Levels APPENDIX I 27 APPENDIX II.. 33 APPENDIX III. 47

3 LIST OF TABLES Summary Table 1, Estimates of total area and production of major belg crops for private peasant oldings in Etiopia, 2008/09 (2001 E.C) 10 Summary Table 2, Total crop land area cultivated under major crops for private peasant oldings in Etiopia bot seasons, 2008/09 (2001 E.C) 10 Summary Table 3, Total production of major crops for private peasant oldings in Etiopia bot seasons, 2008/09 (2001 E.C.). 11

4 - ii - LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Estimate of total area under major crops for private peasant oldings in Etiopia, bot seasons, 2008/09 (2001 E.C.). 11 Figure 2. Estimates of total production of major crops for private peasant oldings in Etiopia, bot seasons, 2008/09 (2001 E.C) 12

5 CHAPTER I 1. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY 1.1 INTRODUCTION As it is true in most developing countries, in Etiopia, agriculture is te dominant sector of te economy. As a result, Etiopian agriculture contributes te lion sare of te Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and foreign currency earnings of te country from te sell of agricultural outputs abroad. Moreover, te sector creates employment opportunity to te majority of te country s population and at present nearly 85 percent of te country s population depends on agriculture to sustain teir liveliood. Hence, as it ad been for centuries in te past, still being te leading sector at present, it is believed to remain being te determinant sector to play a dominant role to bring about an overall sustainable economic growt to te country, for te years to come if and only if strenuous efforts are made by te government and te concerned stakeolders including te farmer, to increase productivity troug increased use of farm inputs suc as improved seed, fertilizers etc and modernize te farm activity troug increased use of modern and improved farm implements and farming systems as well as troug te introduction of modern farming tecnology to te sector as a wole. In order to meet te goals mentioned above and pave te way for te concerned stakeolders to identify, plan, implement and monitor agricultural projects and developmental programs among oters, te availability and regular supply of reliable, compreensive and timely statistical information on te overall performance of te sector is considered essential for use as a primary input to teir planning purpose and related activities. To minimize te existing data gap and fulfill te demand of te stakeolders concerned, for te past tree decades, te Central Statistical Agency (CSA) as been conducting te agricultural sample survey under wic four integrated sample surveys designed for te collection of agricultural information on te performances of te sector were launced all over te country and used to disseminate te survey results to ultimate users on annual basis. Te 2008/09 (2001 E.C.), Belg Season Crop Production Sample Survey, for wic tis report is meant for, is among

6 te four integrated sample surveys launced on annual basis under te umbrella of te agricultural sample survey all over te country. Tis report, wic is Volume V of te six series of statistical reports on Agriculture, presents quantitative results on crop land area, production, and yield of major Belg crops, grown during te 2008/09 Belg season by private peasant oldings as obtained from te results of te year 2008/09 (2001 E.C.), Belg Season Crop Production Sample Survey. 1.2 Objectives of te Survey Te objectives of te 2008/09 (2001 E.C.), Belg Season Crop Production Sample Survey is to produce basic quantitative information on cropland area, production and yield of major Belg season crops, as well as to provide quantitative information on:- cropland area, production and yield of major belg season crops, and te extent and use of different farm management practices on belg season crops suc as fertilized crop land area and quantity of fertilizer used by crop and fertilizer type, irrigated crop land area under improved seed, pesticide treated cropland area etc. Te adequate and timely supply of tis information to ultimate users is terefore, important for use as a primary input in te process of policy formulation, designing developmental agricultural projects and programmmes. Tis report terefore presents quantitative information on te above-mentioned major variables at country and regional levels.

7 CHAPTER II 2. SURVEY METHODOLOGY, DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING 2.1 COVERAGE Te 2008/9 (2001 E.C) Annual Agricultural Sample Survey (Belg season) covered te entire rural parts of te country except te non-sedentary population of tree zones of Afar & six zones of Somali regions. Accordingly te survey took in to account of all parts of Harari, Dire Dawa, and actually 59 Zones / Special weredas (tat are treated as zones) of oter regions. To be covered by te survey, a total of around 1,400 Enumeration Areas (EAs) were selected. However, due to various reasons tat are beyond control, in EAs te survey could not be successful and ence interrupted. Tus, all in all te survey succeeded to cover 1314 EAs trougout te regions. Te Annual Agricultural Sample survey (Belg season) was conducted on te basis of 30 agricultural ouseolds selected from eac EA. 2.2 SAMPLING FRAME Te list containing EAs of all regions and teir respective ouseolds obtained from te 1999 E.C cartograpic census frame was used as te sampling frame in order to select te primary sampling units (EAs). Consequently, all sample EAs were selected from tis frame based on te design proposed for te survey. Te second stage sampling units, ouseolds, were selected from a fres list of ouseolds tat were prepared for eac EA at te beginning of te survey. 2.3 SAMPLE DESIGN In order to select te sample a stratified two-stage cluster sample design was implemented. Enumeration areas (EAs) were taken to be te primary sampling units (PSUs) and te secondary sampling units (SSUs) were agricultural ouseolds. Te sample size for te 2008/09 agricultural sample survey was determined by taking into account of bot te required level of precision for te most important estimates witin eac

8 domain and te amount of resources allocated to te survey. In order to reduce non-sampling errors, manageability of te survey in terms of quality and operational control was also considered. Except Harari, and Dire Dawa, were eac region as a wole was taken to be te domain of estimation; eac zone of a region / special wereda was adopted as a stratum for wic major findings of te survey are reported. 2.4 SELECTION SCHEME Enumeration areas from eac stratum were selected systematically using probability proportional to size sampling tecnique; size being number of agricultural ouseolds. Te sizes for EAs were obtained from te 1999 E.C cartograpic census frame. From te fres list of ouseolds prepared at te beginning of te survey 30 agricultural ouseolds witin eac sample EA were selected systematically. Estimation procedure of totals, ratios, sampling error and te measurement of precision of estimates (CV) are given in Appendix-I and II respectively. Distribution of sampling units (sampled and covered EAs and ouseolds) by stratum is also presented in Appendix-III. 2.5 Field Organization Te Central Statistical Agency (CSA) branc statistical office eads, field supervisors and enumerators, oter supporting staff and drivers were all involved in te field operation activities of te 2008/09 (2001 E.C.) Belg season Crop Production Sample survey. To accomplis te data collection activities, all field enumerators were equipped wit te necessary survey equipment (i.e. compass, programmable calculator, measuring tape, sample bags etc). To assist wit te fieldwork and data collection activities all available four-weel drive veicles were used for supervision and collection of completed questionnaires.

9 2.6 Training of Field Staff At te beginning of te survey year, te field staff-training program was carried out in two stages. Te first stage consisted of trainees from te ead office, branc statistical office eads, statisticians and some of te field supervisors for one week at CSA s eadquarters in Addis Ababa. Tose trained in te first stage conducted similar training for field supervisors and enumerators for 20 days in te 24 branc statistical offices, wic are distributed all over te country. During te second stage training, te field staff were given detailed classroom instruction on te objectives and uses of te Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSS), concepts, and definitions of terms used, te metod of area measurement, interviewing procedures, etc. Te enumerators and supervisors training also included a field practice to reinforce te procedures discussed in te classroom wit regard to field area measurement, use of te programmable calculator and crop-cutting tecniques. 2.7 Metods of Data Collection. Except cropland area of major Belg Season crop, te data of wic collected objectively using compasses and measuring tape, te information on production of major Belg Season crops and agricultural practices (uses of fertilizer, pesticide, improved seed and irrigation) were subjectively collected by interviewing te olders of sampled ouseolds. Appendix II, illustrates te total number of EAs and ouseolds reporting for te 2008/09 (2001 E.C.), Belg crop production by region. A major caracteristic of Etiopian agriculture is te existence of two well-known crop production seasons referred to as te Meer (or main) and Belg(sort rain) Seasons. Te generally accepted definition of te Meer season is tat of te long rainy season, wic normally occurs from June to September. Te Belg Season most often refers to small but timely rainy season, wic normally occurs from February to May but in limited areas of te country. Generally, te Meer Season rainy period provides ideal growing conditions for te longer maturing crops. Planting and arvest of Meer crops can extend to December or January in some areas. Most of te time olders rely on sort maturing crops for planting during te Belg rainy period and arvest of te crops is in June or July. A point of contention arises wit respect to te pure definition of te Belg crop. Belg cropping practices are eterogeneous across different portions of te country. Te nature of te sowing period also overlaps wit some of te Meer Season crops. Consequently, te report on Belg Season crops in te past faced a problem of a clearly defined growing period. It is important not to overlook or miss agricultural practices performed all year round due to use of irrigation or soil moister from sufficiently

10 dried areas tat from time-to-time are swampy or marsy. To elp clarify te two-crop season, te following definition as been in use since 1987/88: Belg Season Crops were defined as any crops tat are arvested during te monts of Marc to August, wile tose crops tat are arvested during September to February are considered Meer (or main) season crops. Tis report consists of estimates of area, production and yield of major Belg Season crops for te year 2008/09 (2001 E.C.) Te data collection period for obtaining te area, production and agricultural practices of te Belg season crops was from Ginbot 15-30, 2001 E.C. (i.e. From May 23 to June 7, 2009). Data on area under Belg season crop are collected objectively using compass and measuring tapes, wile data on production of belg season crops were using subjective metod based on face-toface interviewing of te older by te enumerator. Data on production of belg season crops are calculated from te condition factor data tat are collected directly from te sampled olders witin ouseold, peasant association cairpersons and development agents. Te enumerators were trained to systematically present te questions to te respondents on percentage canges using te local translation and meaning. Te enumerators were also trained on ow to use comparative associations to represent te concept of percentage canges and fill in te questionnaire. 2.8 Data Processing a. Editing, Coding and Verification To insure te quality of te collected survey data an editing, coding, and verification instruction manual was written, and tirty four editors, data coders and verifiers were trained for one day to edit, code and verify te data using te aforementioned manual as a reference and teacing aid. Te enumerator completed edited and coded questionnaires sent to te ead office were torougly verified by trained verifiers on a 100% basis before te questionnaires were sent to te data entry unit. Te editing, coding, verification and data entry of all questionnaires was completed in two weeks time.

11 b. Data Entry, Cleaning and Tabulation Before starting data entry computer edit specifications were prepared for use on personal computers, utilizing te CSPRO Software for data consistency cecking purposes. Te data on te coded questionnaires were ten entered into te CSPRO software on personal computers. Te data was ten cecked and cleaned using te computer edit specifications prepared earlier for tis purpose. Forty six data encoders and eigt supervisors were involved in tis total process and it took twenty five days to complete te job. Finally, tabulation was done on personal computers to produce results as indicated in te tabulation plan. 2.9 Basic concepts and definitions For better understanding and ultimate use of te data presented in tis report, te definitions and concepts of tecnical terms and terminologies used for te collection of all types of data of te 2008/09 (2001 E.C.) Belg Seasons Crop Production Sample Survey is presented ere below: - Enumeration Area (EA): An Enumeration Area in rural parts of te Country is a locality tat is less tan or equal to a farmer s association area and usually it consists of ouseolds. Houseold:- A ouseold may be eiter; a) a one person ouseold, tat is a person wo makes provision for is own food or oter essentials for living witout combining wit any oter person to form part of a multi person ouseold or b) a multi person ouseold, tat is, a group of two or more persons wo live togeter and make common provision for food or oter essentials for living. Te persons in te group may pool teir incomes and ave a common budget to greater or lesser extent. Tey may be related unrelated persons, or a combination of bot. Agricultural Houseold:- A ouseold is considered an agricultural ouseold wen at least one member of te ouseold is engaged in growing crops and/or breeding and raising livestock in private or in partnersip wit oters. Holder:- A older is a person wo exercises management control over te operations of te agricultural olding and takes te major decision regarding te utilization of te available resources. He as tecnical and economic responsibility for te olding. He may operate te olding directly as an owner or as a manager.

12 Under conditions of traditional agricultural olding te older may be regarded as te person, wo wit or witout elps, of oters, operates land or raises livestock in is own rigt, i.e. te person wo decides on wat, wen were and ow to grow crops or raise livestock and as rigt to determine te utilization of te products. Holding: - A olding is all te land and livestock kept wic is used wolly or partly for agricultural production and is operated as one tecnical unit by one person alone, or wit oters, witout regard to title, legal form, size or location. Parcel: - A parcel of olding is any piece of land entirely surrounded by land, Water, road, forest, etc. wic is not part of te olding. It may consist of one or more cadastral units, plots or field adjacent to eac oter. Field: - A field is defined as any plot of land, wic is a parcel or part of a parcel under te same crop. Belg Season Crops: - are defined as any crops tat are arvested during te monts of Marc (Megabit) to August (Nease). Meer Season Crops: - are tose crops tat are arvested during September (Meskerem) to February (Yekatit) are considered as main (Meer) season crops. Irrigated area: - refers to te area of land purposely and actually provided wit water, oter tan by rain, for improving te production of crops. Te uncontrolled flooding of land by te over flow of rivers or streams is not categorized as irrigation practice altoug sometimes farmers use tis incidence for production. Improved Seed: is defined as crop variety, wic gives significantly iger yield, better quality and/or better benefit compared to traditional varieties of seeds, and usually produced by te Etiopian Seed Enterprise (ESE) in Etiopia. Fertilizer: - refers to anyting added to te soil intended to increase te amount of plant nutrients available for crop growt. Usually fertilizers are divided into two parts, Natural and commercial. Examples of natural fertilizers are farmyard manure and wood ases wile commercial fertilizers are DAP (Di-Ammonium pospate) and UREA (Ammonium Nitrate). Pesticides: Pesticides are cemicals useful for te mitigation, control or elimination of pests wic are troublesome or armful to crop. Insecticides, erbicides and fungicides are all considered as pesticides.

13 CHAPTER III 3. SUMMARY OF THE MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY. As it as been forecasted earlier by te Etiopian Metrological Agency and practically proved by farmers interviewed at teir farm gate during te survey field work, except in few pocket areas in Oromia and SNNP regions, te overall performance of te 2008/09 (2001 E.C.) Belg season crop production activity was found to be poor in all Belg Crop producing areas across te country. Te prolonged delay of Belg rain s wic was below normal and erratic in its amount and distribution coupled wit unfavorable weater condition dominated by frequent dry and windy days were among te major factors, wic affected te land preparation, and sawing activities, and later on te Belg crop production activities as a wole. As a result considerable number of belg dependent farmers were forced to leave teir farm plots fallow and tose wo were able to arsly prepare and saw teir crop fields, owever, faced problems due to sortage of belg rains. Neverteless, it wort s to note tat te 2008/09 Belg crops arvest was fair and good in irrigated and in dried marsy areas as well as in some belg rain fed cropping pocket areas located in te regions mentioned above.. Despite te facts mentioned above, te results of te 2008/09 (2001 E.C.), Belg season crop production sample survey revealed tat about 1, tousand ectares of land was estimated to be covered by major Belg crops from wic a total production of 7, tousand quintals to be arvested at country level, during te 2008/09 (2001 E.C.) Belg season. Out of te above mentioned total Belg season cropland area and total volume of production, cereals contributed te lion bot in cropland area and volume of production i.e. about tousand ectares (82.36% of te country total Belg cropland area) and about 6, tousand quintals (89.58 % of te country total Production), followed by Pulses tat covered about tousand ectares (17%), wit a production of tousand quintals (10.37 %). (For details see summary Table 1).

14 Summary Table 1: Estimates of Total Area and Production of Major Belg Season Crops for Private Peasant Holdings in Etiopia, 2008/09 (2001 E.C.). Total Cropland Area Total Production Crop Type In tousands In tousands (a.) % (Ql.) % Cereal , Pulses Oilseeds * * Total 1, , Estimates of te 2007/09(2001 E.C) Total Cropland Area and Production of Major Crops Bot Seasons (Meer and Belg) Te year 2008/09 (2001 E.C.), total cropland area and production of major crops during bot seasons, was estimated to be 12, tousand ectares and 178, tousand quintals, respectively. Out of te above mentioned totals, cereals covered about 9, tousand ectares (78.63% te total cropland area covered during bot seasons) wit a production of 151, tousand quintals (84.90% of te total volume of production of te year) (For te details see Summary Tables 2 and 3). Summary Table 2. Estimated Total Cropland Area under Major Crops; Private Peasant Holdings,2008/09 (2001 E.C.), Bot Seasons: Etiopia Total Cropland Area in tousand Hectares Seasons Meer Belg Bot Crop Type in (000)Ha % in (000)Ha % in (000) Ha % Cereal 8, , Pulse 1, , Oilseeds Total 11, , , Wile Pulses and Oilseeds covered about 1,790.84; tousand ectares wic accounted for about 14.42% and 6.95% of te total cropland area, respectively.

15 Summary Table 3. Estimated Total Production of Major Crops; Private Peasant Holdings,2008/09 (2001 E.C.), Bot Seasons: Etiopia Total Production in Million Quintals Seasons Meer Belg Bot Crop Type in (000) Qts % in (000) Qts % in (000) Qts % Cereal 144, , , Pulse 19, , Oilseeds 6, * * * * Total 171, , , Moreover, since Meer is a long rainy season almost 80 to 90 % of te private peasant farmers perform teir crop production activities during tis season. As a matter tis fact, out of te total cropland area cultivated under major crops during te 2008/09(2001 E.C.) production year, Cropland area cultivated under major crops during Meer Season was found to be te igest i.e 11, tousand ectares, Figure 1. Estimate of total area under major crops for private oldings in Etiopia for bot seasons 2008/09 (2001 E.C) Belg Season 10% Meer Season 90% contributing about 90% to te total cropland area coverage, wit a total production of 171, tousand quintals at country level. Wile Belg season contributes te remaining about 10%( i.e.1, tousand ectares) to te total cropland area wit about 4 % (i.e.7, tousand quintal) sare from te total production volume reported at country level (For te details see Figs 1 and 2).

16 Figure 2. Estimates of total production of major crops for private oldings in Etiopia for bot seasons 2008/09 (2001 E.C) Belg Season 4% NOTES: - Meer Season 96% 1. Some estimates in all reporting levels are excluded due to ig coefficient of variations. Neverteless, tey are incorporated in te total estimates. Hence te sum of te specific estimates may not be equal to te total estimates. 2. Users are also advised to use tose estimates wit 30-50% coefficient of variation (CV) cautiously 3. Even toug area is reported for some crops in some reporting levels, no production data is available suc cases are designated by Not Stated (NS). On te oter and, in all tables - labeled for data not available totally.

17 National and Regional Statistical Tables

18 Table 4. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2008/09 (2001 E.C.) Etiopia Number Cropland Area Production Yield Crop Name Of In In Holders Hectares % Quintals % QT/HA Grain Crops.... 4,745,063 1,209, ,749, Cereals.... 4,446, , ,942, Teff ,553 91, , Barley , , ,307, Weat ,357 81, , Maize.... 3,590, , ,003, Sorgum ,775 64, , Finger millet ,314 1, * * * Oats/'Aja' ,683 12, , Rice.... * * * * * * Pulses.... 2,457, , , Faba Beans 88,980 5, , Field peas ,389 21, , Haricot beans.... 2,226, , , Cick-peas ,674 8, * * * Lentils ,431 8, * * * Grass Peas 22,239 * * * * * Soya beans.... 1, * Fenugreek ,006 * * * * * Gibto.... * * * Oilseeds ,287 7, * * Neug.... * * * Linseed , * * * Groundnuts ,550 3, * * * Sufflower.... 3, Sesame ,799 2, * * * Rapeseed , * * *

19 Table 5. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 208/09 (2001 E.C.) Tigray Region Number Cropland Area Production Yield Crop Name Of In In Holders Hectares % Quintals % QT/HA Grain Crops ,318 14, , Cereals ,999 13, , Teff ,915 8, * * * Barley.... 9,940 1, , Weat.... * * * * * * Maize ,262 3, , Sorgum.... * * * Finger millet Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses.... 8,881 * * * * Faba Beans Field peas Haricot beans Cick-peas.... 7,193 * * * * * Lentils.... * * * Grass Peas * * * Soya beans.... * * * Fenugreek.... * * * Gibto Oilseeds.... * * * - - Neug Linseed Groundnuts Sufflower Sesame Rapeseed.... * * * - - -

20 Holdings For Belg Season 2008/09 (2001 E.C.) Afar Region Number Cropland Area Production Yield Crop Name Of In In Holders Hectares % Quintals % QT/HA Grain Crops.... 5,771 4, , Cereals.... 5,734 4, , Teff.... * * * Barley.... * * * Weat Maize.... 5,686 4, , Sorgum.... * * * * * * Finger millet Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses Faba Beans Field peas Haricot beans.... * * * Cick-peas Lentils Grass Peas Soya beans Fenugreek Gibto Oilseeds.... * * * - - Neug Linseed Groundnuts Sufflower Sesame.... * * * Rapeseed

21 Table 7. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2008/09 (2001 E.C.) Amara Region Number Cropland Area Production Yield Crop Name Of In In Holders Hectares % Quintals % QT/HA Grain Crops , , , Cereals , , , Teff ,878 10, , Barley ,294 61, , Weat ,370 10, , Maize ,153 17, , Sorgum.... * * * Finger millet Oats/'Aja' ,899 2, * * * Rice.... * * * Pulses ,258 34, , Faba beans.... * * * Field peas ,018 3, * * * Haricot beans ,851 * * * * * Cick-peas ,726 6, * * * Lentils ,502 * * * * * Grass Peas 20,850 * * * * * Soya beans Fenugreek.... 4, * * * Gibto Oilseeds.... 3, Neug Linseed.... 2, Groundnuts Sufflower.... * * * Sesame Rapeseed.... * * * - - -

22 Table 8. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2008/09 (2001 E.C.) Oromia Region Number Cropland Area Production Yield Crop Name Of In In Holders Hectares % Quintals % QT/HA Grain Crops.... 2,172, , ,879, Cereals.... 2,046, , ,479, Teff ,974 55, , Barley , , , Weat ,638 68, , Maize.... 1,625, , ,333, Sorgum ,691 37, , Finger millet.... 2,756 * * Oats/'Aja' ,979 10, , Rice.... * * * Pulses.... 1,044,462 88, , Faba beans ,454 4, , Field peas ,537 17, , Haricot beans ,160 62, , Cick-peas.... 6, Lentils , * * * Grass Peas Soya beans.... * * * Fenugreek.... 6,835 * * Gibto.... * * * Oilseeds ,767 3, * * Neug.... * * * Linseed.... 5, * * * Groundnuts.... * * * Sufflower Sesame.... 6,966 * * Rapeseed.... * * * - - -

23 Table 9. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2008/09 (2001 E.C.) Somale Region Number Cropland Area Production Yield Crop Name Of In In Holders Hectares % Quintals % QT/HA Grain Crops.... 7,449 2, , Cereals.... 7,259 2, , Teff Barley Weat Maize.... 7,259 2, , Sorgum Finger millet Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses.... 1, Faba beans Field peas Haricot beans.... 1, Cick-peas Lentils Grass Peas Soya beans Fenugreek Gibto Oilseeds Neug Linseed Groundnuts Sufflower Sesame Rapeseed

24 Table 10. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2008/09 (2001 E.C.) Bensangul-Gumuz Region Number Cropland Area Production Yield Crop Name Of In In Holders Hectares % Quintals % QT/HA Grain Crops ,248 3, , Cereals ,228 1, , Teff Barley Weat Maize ,023 1, , Sorgum.... 1, Finger millet.... * * * Oats/'Aja'.... * * * Rice Pulses ,813 1, , Faba beans Field peas.... * * * Haricot beans ,726 1, , Cick-peas.... * * * Lentils Grass Peas Soya beans Fenugreek Gibto Oilseeds Neug Linseed Groundnuts Sufflower Sesame Rapeseed

25 Table 10. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2008/09 (2001 E.C.) (S.N.N.P.R) Region Number Cropland Area Production Yield Crop Name Of In In Holders Hectares % Quintals % QT/HA Grain Crops.... 1,924, , ,075, Cereals.... 1,809, , ,756, Teff ,706 16, , Barley ,222 18, , Weat ,429 1, , Maize.... 1,733, , ,359, Sorgum ,829 25, , Finger millet.... 9, * * * Oats/'Aja'.... 1, Rice.... * * * * * * Pulses.... 1,228,237 79, , Faba beans ,644 1, , Field peas , * * * Haricot beans.... 1,212,908 77, , Cick-peas.... 2, Lentils.... 2, Grass Peas * * * Soya beans * * Fenugreek.... 5, Gibto.... * * * Oilseeds ,096 3, * * Neug Linseed.... 2, Groundnuts ,337 1, * * * Sufflower.... 3, Sesame.... 5,569 * * Rapeseed.... 9, * * *

26 Table 11. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2008/09 (2001 E.C.) Gambela Region Number Cropland Area Production Yield Crop Name Of In In Holders Hectares % Quintals % QT/HA Grain Crops ,646 3, , Cereals ,575 3, , Teff.... * * * Barley Weat Maize ,525 3, , Sorgum.... * * * Finger millet.... * * * Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses * * * * Faba beans Field peas Haricot beans * * * * * Cick-peas Lentils Grass Peas Soya beans Fenugreek Gibto Oilseeds.... * * * * * Neug Linseed Groundnuts.... * * * Sufflower Sesame.... * * * * * * Rapeseed

27 Table 12. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2008/09 (2001 E.C.) Harari Region Number Cropland Area Production Yield Crop Name Of In In Holders Hectares % Quintals % QT/HA Grain Crops.... 5, , Cereals.... 5, , Teff.... * * * Barley Weat Maize.... 4, , Sorgum.... 2, Finger millet Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses.... 4, * * Faba beans Field peas Haricot beans.... 4, * * * Cick-peas Lentils Grass Peas Soya beans Fenugreek.... * * * Gibto Oilseeds Neug Linseed Groundnuts.... * * * Sufflower Sesame Rapeseed.... * * * - - -

28 Table 13. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2008/09 (2001 E.C.) Dire Dawa Adminstration Number Cropland Area Production Yield Crop Name Of In In Holders Hectares % Quintals % QT/HA Grain Crops.... 4, , Cereals.... 4, , Teff Barley Weat Maize.... 3, , Sorgum.... 1, * * * Finger millet Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses Faba beans Field peas Haricot beans Cick-peas Lentils Grass Peas Soya beans Fenugreek Gibto Oilseeds Neug Linseed Groundnuts Sufflower Sesame Rapeseed

29 APPENDIX I Estimation Procedures of Totals, Ratios and Sampling Errors

30 APPENDIX I Estimation Procedures of Totals, Ratios and Sampling Errors Te following formulas were used to estimate total area of land under specific crop and production of specific crop in a stratum. 1. For estimating Total Area of Land under Specific Crop: n n = i A Wi aij = i= 1 j= 1 i= 1 M H i in wic, W i = is te basic weigt. n m i i W Were: represents te stratum is te total number of sample EAs successfully covered in te t stratum. n i a i M is te measure of size of te t stratum as obtained from te sampling frame. m i is te measure of size of te i t sample EA in te t stratum obtained from te sampling frame. H i is te total number of agricultural ouseolds of te i t sample EA in te t stratum. i is te number of sample agricultural ouseolds successfully covered in te i t sample EA in te t stratum. a ij is te value of area for agricultural ouseold j, in te i t EA in te t strtatum under a a i  specific crop. is te sample total area under specific crop for EA i in stratum estimate of total area under specific crop in stratum

31 2. For estimating Total Production under Specific Crop: Ρˆ = n W i i= 1 Ρ i in wic, Ρ i = a * Y i i Were, Y i is average yield per square meter of a specific crop in te i t EA in te t stratum. Ρˆ is estimate of total quantity of production of a specific crop in te t stratum. Ρ i is estimate of total quantity of production under specific crop for EA i in stratum. 3. Sampling Variance of Estimates: Sampling variance for te estimate of stratum total of area, production and yield for a specific crop are estimated by te following formulas. Var( Aˆ ) = (1 n f ) n 1 n i= 1 Aˆ i A n 2 + f n i= 1 (1 f i i ) i 1 i j= 1 Aˆ ij Aˆ i i 2 n ( ˆ n ˆ ) (1 ) ˆ (1 ) i n Ρ i Var Ρ + ˆ 1 = 1 = 1 1 = f Ρi f f i Ρ n i n i i j= 1 2 ij Ρˆ i i 2 Were, f = average first stage probability of selection of EAs witin stratum. i f i = = average second stage probability of selection witin te i t sample EA in stratum. H i A ˆ, Ρˆ are weigted total area and production, respectively, of a specific crop in te i t EA and t i i stratum.

32 A ˆ, Ρˆ are weigted values of area and production, respectively, from j t agricultural ouseold ij ij in te i t EA and t stratum under a specific crop. Since all strata are independent, te total variance at regional and country level is computed by aggregating te result obtained at Zone/Special Wereda level, i.e. L L ( Aˆ) = Var( Aˆ, ( Ρˆ ) = Var ) Var Var( ˆ ) Were, L is te number of strata (Zone/Special Wereda). P In estimating te sampling variance by te above formula, selection of EAs witin a stratum is assumed to be wit replacement. By so doing te variance estimate may be sligtly over estimated but it greatly simplifies te estimation procedure. 5. Coefficient of Variation (CV) of Estimates: Coefficient of Variation (CV) in percentage of estimate of stratum total of area and production for a specific crop are given by: CV ( Aˆ ) = Var( Aˆ Aˆ ) *100, CV (ˆ Ρ ) = Var(ˆ Ρ Ρˆ ) *100, 6. Ninety-five percent confidence interval (CI) of stratum total of area: of area. A ˆ ± 1.96 * SE( ˆ ), A Were SE Aˆ ) = Var( Aˆ ) is standard error of te estimate of te stratum total ( Estimates of standard error and confidence interval for te oter estimates can also be calculated by adopting te above formulas.

33 Appendix II Standard Error and Coefficient of Variation for Area and Expected Production

34 Appendix Standard errors and coefficient of variation for te estimates of number of olders, area and production of major crops, 2001 E.C agricultural sample survey, belg season. Etiopia Crop Holders Area Production Estimate S.E. C.V. In % Hectares S.E. C.V. In % Quintals S.E C.V. In % TOTAL ,745,063 62, ,209, , ,749, , Cereals.... 4,446,751 65, , , ,942, , Teff ,553 30, , , , , Barley ,972 50, , , ,307, , Weat ,357 29, , , , , Maize.... 3,590,034 66, , , ,003, , Sorgum ,775 23, , , , , Finger millet ,314 2, , Oats/'Aja' ,683 13, , , , , Rice.... 4,500 2, , , , , Pulses.... 2,457,515 60, , , , , Horse beans ,980 11, , , , , Field peas ,389 19, , , , , Haricot beans.... 2,226,471 56, , , , , Cick-peas ,674 9, , , , , Lentils ,431 12, , , Vetc ,239 8, , , , , Soya beans.... 1, Fenugreek ,006 3, , , Gibto Oilseeds ,287 12, , , , , Neug.... 4,489 2, Linseed ,566 1, , , Groundnuts ,550 9, , , Sunflower.... 3, Sesame ,799 4, , , , , Rapeseed ,825 5,

35 Tigray Region Standard errors and coefficient of variation for te estimates of number of olders, area and production of major crops, 2001 E.C agricultural sample survey, belg season. Crop Holders Area Production Estimate S.E. C.V. In % Hectares S.E. C.V. In % Quintals S.E C.V. In % TOTAL ,318 9, , , , , Cereals ,999 9, , , , , Teff ,915 6, , , , , Barley.... 9,940 3, , , , Weat.... 2,872 1, , , Maize ,262 8, , , , Sorgum.... 1,982 1, Finger millet Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses.... 8,881 3, , , , Horse beans Field peas Haricot beans Cick-peas.... 7,193 3, , , , Lentils Vetc Soya beans Fenugreek Gibto Oilseeds Neug Linseed Groundnuts Sunflower Sesame Rapeseed

36 Afar Region Standard errors and coefficient of variation for te estimates of number of olders, area and production of major crops, 2001 E.C agricultural sample survey, belg season. Crop Holders Area Production Estimate S.E. C.V. In % Hectares S.E. C.V. In % Quintals S.E C.V. In % TOTAL , , , , Cereals.... 5, , , , Teff Barley Weat Maize.... 5, , , , Sorgum , , Finger millet Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses Horse beans Field peas Haricot beans Cick-peas Lentils Vetc Soya beans Fenugreek Gibto Oilseeds Neug Linseed Groundnuts Sunflower Sesame Rapeseed

37 Amara Region Standard errors and coefficient of variation for te estimates of number of olders, area and production of major crops, 2001 E.C agricultural sample survey, belg season. Crop Holders Area Production Estimate S.E. C.V. In % Hectares S.E. C.V. In % Quintals S.E C.V. In % TOTAL ,995 31, , , , , Cereals ,456 31, , , , , Teff ,878 18, , , , , Barley ,294 29, , , , , Weat ,370 17, , , , , Maize ,153 22, , , , , Sorgum.... 2,404 1, Finger millet Oats/'Aja' ,899 7, , , , Rice Pulses ,258 20, , , , , Horse beans Field peas ,018 9, , , , , Haricot beans ,851 11, , , , , Cick-peas ,726 8, , , , , Lentils ,502 11, , , Vetc ,850 8, , , , , Soya beans Fenugreek.... 4,406 1, Gibto Oilseeds.... 3,666 1, Neug Linseed.... 2, Groundnuts Sunflower Sesame Rapeseed

38 Oromia Region Standard errors and coefficient of variation for te estimates of number of olders, area and production of major crops, 2001 E.C agricultural sample survey, belg season. Crop Holders Area Production Estimate S.E. C.V. In % Hectares S.E. C.V. In % Quintals S.E C.V. In % TOTAL ,172,933 38, , , ,879, , Cereals.... 2,046,302 41, , , ,479, , Teff ,974 21, , , , , Barley ,643 38, , , , , Weat ,638 23, , , , , Maize.... 1,625,196 45, , , ,333, , Sorgum ,691 20, , , , , Finger millet.... 2,756 1, Oats/'Aja' ,979 10, , , , , Rice Pulses.... 1,044,462 40, , , , , Horse beans ,454 10, , , , , Field peas ,537 15, , , , , Haricot beans ,160 37, , , , , Cick-peas.... 6,595 1, Lentils ,320 2, Vetc Soya beans Fenugreek.... 6,835 2, , , Gibto Oilseeds ,767 10, , , , , Neug.... 4,489 2, Linseed.... 5,627 1, , , Groundnuts ,094 8, , Sunflower Sesame.... 6,966 3, , Rapeseed.... 9,225 4,

39 Somale Region Standard errors and coefficient of variation for te estimates of number of olders, area and production of major crops, 2001 E.C agricultural sample survey, belg season. Crop Holders Area Production Estimate S.E. C.V. In % Hectares S.E. C.V. In % Quintals S.E C.V. In % TOTAL , , , Cereals.... 7, , , Teff Barley Weat Maize.... 7, , , Sorgum Finger millet Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses.... 1, Horse beans Field peas Haricot beans.... 1, Cick-peas Lentils Vetc Soya beans Fenugreek Gibto Oilseeds Neug Linseed Groundnuts Sunflower Sesame Rapeseed