WELCOME TO PRESENTATION ON

Transcription

1 WELCOME TO PRESENTATION ON Increasing Crop Productivity while Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Conservation Agriculture in Drought Prone Barind Tract Dr. Ilias Hossain and Dr. Akram H Chowdhury 8 January 2018

2 Background Population is 1.58% but cultivable land is 0.78% per year due to rapid urbanization(@12%) & others

3 Recent major concerns for agriculture Temperature raising Erratic rainfall 3 Organic matter degradation Ground water depletion

4 Greenhouse Gas Emission Radiation CFCs HCFCs O 2 H2 CO 2 CH 4 O 3 The Earth H 2 O N 2 N 2 O Atmosphere Global Warming

5 Drought Prone Agriculture- Sustainability Issues Declining and deterioration of natural resources Over exploitation of ground water resources Drought prone area (1.60 lac ha) Labor shortage with high production cost Fallow land utilization (0.70 lac ha) Severe rat damage in wheat

6 Drought Prone Agriculture- Sustainability Issues Soil degradation & soil health issues Decrease in soil organic carbon Soil moisture & water holding capacity are low due to intensive tillage and drought Environmental problems

7 Threats to stainable intensification in Barind region Shortages of labor Rising price of labor Declining water tables Climate change effect Uneven distribution of rainfall GHG emission and global warming Ground water table increasing in Tanore upazila, Rajshahi

8 Rainfall Status in HBT, Bangladesh y = x R² =

9 Create new problems for major crops Wheat blast Figure. Average max. & min monthly temperature

10 Negative consequences of puddling rice soils Cracking of soils with loss of saturation Soil structure degradation Creates hard plough pans, decreases soil micro-flora Loss of indigenous soil nutrients and break soil structure Increase CFC gas and CO 2 emission De-nitrification losses of N before sowing Decreased availability of soil P for dry season crops

11 Objectives/targets Increase sustainable crops productivity in Barind region Resource saving-time, energy, money, soil, water etc Environment friendly and easy crop cultivation to avoid pest & diseases and Minimize of greenhouse gas emission

12 Resource conservation - Strategies solution Reduce GHG emissions Holding Carbon is the need of the day,

13 A= Absence/less tillage: No/less mechanical soil disturbance B= Biodiversity: Diversify crop rotation to avoid pest & disease C= Coverage of the soil : Permanent coverage with residues 13

14 CA is a Climate Smart Agriculture CSA aims to tackle three main objectives: - Sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes; - Adapting and building resilience to climate change; & - Reducing greenhouse gas emissions,where possible

15 But how Conservation Agriculture (CA) as an opportunity Save natural resources like water, labor and time fuel & energy costs of production Increase organic matter Less CO 2 emission

16 Irrigation input & % save water in rice-wheat-mungbean Water required (L/m2) Beds Conv. % Save Wheat Rice Mungbean Cropping Pattern Save 32% water from this pattern

17 Conservation Agriculture is a Win-Win Strategy! Win #1 Win #2 Reduces GHG emissions, Fuel labor fertilizer saving, Reduce carbon losses, nutrient load Environment protection Resource conservation, Improved input use efficiency Improves nutrient cycling and crop productivity

18 Operations Reduce production cost Raised bed (Tk/33 dec) Farmers practice(tk/ 33 dec) Land preparation Sowing & lathering Seeds Irrigation/hours 420 (3 times) 650 (3 times) Total Save= 870 Tk/ 33 decimal=6525 tk/ha, Save cost about 45 to 50% Production cost reduced 50-60% due to four works like ploughing seeding, furrow making & laddering done by one pass.

19 Labor requirement for land preparation and seeding/ transplanting (person-hr ha -1 ) Tillage options Yr1 Yr2 Yr3 Average Conv. tillage Strip tillage Labour savings, % Minimum tillage saved 26-50% labour in land preparation CT SPWT/ZT BP ST Tillage options

20 Fuel requirement (l ha -1 ) in rice-maize cropping system Tillage options Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Average Conv. tillage Strip tillage Fuel savings, % Minimum tillage saved 42-64% fuel in land preparation CT SPWT/ZT BP ST Tillage options

21 Total productivity under CA system in rice-wheat-mungbean cropping pattern Total Systems Productivity (t/ha) Bed x 0% Straw Rice Wheat Mungbean Conv x 0% Straw Bed x 30% Straw Tillage options x straw levels Conv x30% Straw Increased 10-15% total system productivity in RWM when 30% SR from both rice & wheat and full RR from mungbean with PRB system over conventional practice

22 Comparative use of oil-fuel and CO 2 emission on CA system & FP Tillage options Diesel used (lit./ha/year) CO 2 emission (kg/ha/year) Fuel save (lit./ha/year) Save CO 2 (kg/ha/year) RCTs Farmers practice % fuel saving 47% CO 2 saving Less CO 2 emission into atmosphere 1 lit. diesel produce 2.6 kg CO 2

23 Fig. Global warming potential (GWP) in rice-wheat system under different tillage options Reduced GWP by 13 to 37% under different CA practices

24 Time taken, fuel used and CO 2 emission from different conservation and conventional tillage Particulars Zero tillage Strip tillage PRB PTOS FP Time taken, h ha -1 3 [73] 4[64] 4[64] 5[55] 11 Fuel used, l ha -1 12[72] 14[68] 18[59] 19[57] 44 Operational Energy MJ ha [73] 804[68] 1029[60 ] 1089[57] 2542 CO 2 Emission Approx kg C-ha -1 30[74] 40[65] 45[61] 50[57] 115

25 Strip tillage planting for Conservation Agriculture Seeding, ploughing and laddering can be done in one pass Seeding through crop residue Residual soil moisture use Multicrop seeding (wheat, rice, maize, pulses) Locally made Benefits Reduce tillage/seeding cost up to 60% 25-30% water saving 20 % seed can be saved Ensure timely seeding Reduce fuel cost Working capacity: bigha/hr

26 Bed planting technology for CA Advantages Increase system yield by 10-15% in grain crop, 30-35% in pulses, 10-15% in fiber Reduce irrigation water up to 40% 20% seed saved Improve soil fertility Reduced tillage and seeding cost upto 75% Ensure timely seeding and eco-friendly

27 Power tiller Operated Seeder (PTOS) PTOS in Operation Minimize turn around time Timely planting Simple operation Seed saved 20% Reduced production cost Working as tilling, seeding in line and seed covering in a single pass Field view of PTOS planted wheat in Charghat, Rajshahi

28 Benefits of surface residue cover in CA Increased water infiltration. Decreased water evaporation Increased water available to crops. Less soil erosion from both water and wind More biological activity More soil organic matter and available nutrients Moderated soil temperatures Less weeds.

29 Unpuddled zero tillage boro rice production Benefits: -Reduced total puddling cost -Reduced 60% water in transplanting operation -Enhanced maturity -Increase system production -Production cost reduced about 1500 Tk/bigha

30 Unpuddled Zero Tillage Rice Boro Transplanting in Bijojnagar, Godagari, Rajshahi Grain yield of Boro Rice UPZBR: t/ha Conventional : t/ha

31 Zero tillage unpuddled rice transplanting video

32 Soil chemical properties after 12 years crop cycles Characteristics Initial Final Difference ph (1:2.5 in water) Organic Matter (%) Total N (%) Exch. K (ml eq/100g soil) Avail. P (mg / g soil) Avail. S (mg / g soil) Avail. Zn (mg /g soil) Avail. B (mg / g soil) Avail. Fe (mg /g soil) Avail. Mn (mg /g soil) % OM increased after twelve year crops cycle

33 Tillage options Physical properties after 12 years crop cycles Bulk density (mgm -3 ) 0-10 cm cm cm Infiltration rate (cmh -1 ) Total pore space (vol.%) Bed Conv LSD(0.05) % SR+PRB Reduced BD 8.3% Increased infiltration rate 47.2% Increase total pore space 38.5% Blackish soil color 30% SR+CTF

34 Vegetables & sesame on raised beds Radish Amaranth Coriander

35 Success of CA based technology

36 Cabinet Secretary visit the CA wheat farmers fields

37 Video of Conservation Agriculture in Barind

38 Acknowledgement SAARC, BRRI, DAE, CIMMYT, FAO, ACIAR, KGF, NATA, CCDB and Cornell University Ken Sayre, Dr Akram H Chowdhary, Prof. Duxbury, Craig Meisner and Chris Johansen My Colleagues and All CA based adopted Farmers

39