Use of CWR in breeding in Estonia. Rene Aavola

Transcription

1 Use of CWR in breeding in Estonia Rene Aavola

2 Species (cv) Timothy (3) Contribution of wild material within existing Estonian cultivars Share of indigenous material, % 100 Species (cv) Share of indigenous material, % Tussoky lucerne (1) 100 Cocksfoot (2) Meadow fescue (2) 100 / 50 Reed canarygrass (1) White clover (2) 50 Smooth-stalked meadowgrass (2) Crested hairgrass (1) Sheep s fescue (1) Fodder galega (1) 50 Diploid perennial ryegrass (1) Tetraploid perennial ryegrass (1) Early red clover (2) Italian ryegrass (1) 0 Sweet clover (1) Rhizomatous lucerne (1) 0 Large leaved lupine (1) Chewings red fescue (1) 0 Creeping rooted lucerne (1) Bromegrass (1)? 33 0

3 Target genera Festuca Poa Dactylis Agrostis Phalaris Phleum Lolium Trifolium Medicago Lotus

4 Searched traits Forage yield Resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses Persistence Ornamental value Adaptation to extensive management

5 170 collection sites

6 Collected: 25 grasses, 8 herbage legumes, 395 accessions grasses legumes

7 Turfgrass ecotypes

8 Turfgrass Festuca rubra Poa pratensis Koeleria macrantha Deschampsia caespitosa Phleum phleoides Poa compressa Poa nemoralis Festuca ovina Agrostis capillaris Deschampsia flexuosa 5,0 4,5 4,0 Visual merit, points 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1, Accessions

9 Turfgrass Festuca rubra Poa pratensis Poa supina Koeleria macrantha Deschampsia caespitosa Lolium perenne Poa subcaerulea Festuca ovina Agrostis capillaris Briza media Festuca arundinacea Deschampsia flexuosa 5,0 4,5 4,0 Visual merit, points 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1, Accessions

10 Festuca rubra ssp. rubra Festuca rubra ssp. commutata Festuca arundinacea Festuca ovina Poa pratensis Poa subcaerulea Koeleria macrantha Agrostis capillaris Lolium perenne Deschampsia caespitosa Deschampsia flexuosa Briza media Poa supina 5 4,5 4 3,5 2015, pts 3 2,5 2 R 2 = 0,4284 1, ,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4, , pts

11 Koeleria macrantha

12 Koeleria macrantha Ilo (1997)

13 Sheep s fescue collected from Kihnu island

14 Perennial ryegrass in Estonia, 1979 & 2010

15 Raidi vs. native ecotype of perennial ryegrass cut 1 cut 2 cut 3 cut t/ha st. eco st. eco st. eco

16 Native perennial ryegrass, fresh yield, t/ha Kihelkonna = 48,83 Pürksi = 47,09 Raidi = 45,97 Raite = 45, 'Raidi' (d) Kihelkonna 'Raite' (t) Pürksi 0 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

17 Focus on resistance breeding Rust, Aug Rust, Oct Leaf spot, Aug 'Raidi' 'Raite' Kihelkonna Pürksi Leaf spot, Oct

18 Cultivar vs. ecotype Raidi Pürksi Winterhardiness Snow mould 4 8,5 Brown blight 4,3 6,5 Crown rust 6,5 7 Varietal purity 86-96% 90-98% Total DMY of 3 yrs 24,43 t/ha 26,64 t/ha

19 Estonian native samples in European research network project 'GrassLandscape' EST962 EST963 EST965 EST3002 EST3003 Muhu RA02065 Kihelkonna RA02066 Tõlluste RA02068 Pirita rand RA99001 Pirita aed RA01001

20 Vineyard at former habitat of EST962 Muhu RA02065

21 Mean DMY of cocksfoot accessions LSD=0,63 9,4 9,29 9,2 9 9,16 9,14 9,08 9,04 9,01 8,85 8,8 t/ha 8,6 8,4 8,48 8, , late st early st

22 Mean DMY of smooth-stalked meadowgrass accessions vs. crested hairgrass cv. Ilo Ilo(5000/m2) 822 Ilo(15000/m2) J 1, st. 823 Ilo(10000/m2) 528

23 DMY (t/ha) of lucerne, 3 varieties+ecotypes Sowing year I yr II yr III yr Karlu Juurlu Reigi Sutlepa Hanila Orjaku Vormsi Saxby Vormsi Hullo Vormsi Kersleti Purtse Kassari Ridala Padaorg

24 Total DMY (t/ha) of two harvest years, two red clover varieties+ecotypes Selja Juurikaru Hanila Ridala Reigi Lihula Vormsi Varbla Virtsu Salme Osmussaar I Osmussaar II

25 Mean seed yield (kg/ha) of two harvest years, red clover Selja Juurikaru Osmussaar (klibult) Varbla tee Hanila Ridala Reigi Virtsu Laelatu Lihula Tln. Maantee Salme Osmussaar (rannalt) Vormsi (Hullo)

26 Alternative uses Landscaping Red clover, birdsfoot, lucerne Green manuring Lupine Gardening Poa glauca Poa alpina

27 Roadsides

28 Large-leaved lupine Lupi

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30 Threats-intensive agriculture, oil shale mines

31 Abandoned pasture

32 Area of semi-natural grasslands in Estonia, thousand hectares Type Early 20 th century Current Recommended Alvar Wooded meadow Floodplain meadow Coastal meadow 850 0,6 1,

33 Priorities, tasks Gap filling, ex situ Regeneration Availability for distribution C & E data Conservation in situ