EFFECTS OF COMBINED USE OF BIO-FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS AT DIFFERENT STAGES ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF NAVY BEAN

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1 EFFECTS OF COMBINED USE OF BIO-FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS AT DIFFERENT STAGES ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF NAVY BEAN Fthollhi Zonuz A., *Ghrvi Kouche Bgh P. nd Gsemi A. Deprtment of Agronomy nd Plnt Breeding, College of Agriculture nd Nturl Resources, Triz Brnch, Islmic Azd University, Triz, Irn *Author for Correspondence ABSTRACT In order to study the effects of comined use of io-fertilizers nd chemicl fertilizers t different stges on physiologicl nd morphologicl chrcters of nvy ens, n experiment ws rrnged during 2013 in fctoril sed on rndomized complete lock design in three replictions t reserch sttion frm of college of griculture, Islmic Azd University, Mrnd Brnch. Tretments were three levels of iologicl fertilizer (non-ppliction (control), ppliction t sowing stge nd ppliction in complete emergency stge) nd chemicl fertilizer t four levels (non-ppliction (control), ppliction t sowing stge nd ppliction in complete emergency stge nd ppliction in flowering stge).anlysis of vrinces showed tht mximum plnt development hd een seen in comined use of io fertilizers nd nitrogen fertilizers t full-emergence stge (51/09 cm).the highest numer of filled pods per unit of re hd een seen in comined use of nitrogen fertilizers, io fertilizers t full emergence nd flowering stge tht 272 pcs pod were filled. Also the highest seed weight hd een seen in comined use of iofertilizers nd nitrogen fertilizers t full emergence nd flowering stge, (/66 grm).according to the results it could e suggested tht io-fertilizers cnnot replce with chemicl fertilizers, ut they cn e used s supplement long chemicl fertilizers nd chemicl fertilizers re necessry detils, however, with optiml use in sustinle griculture tht will e considered. Keywords: Bio-Fertilizer, Chemicl Fertilizer, Nvy Ben INTRODUCTION Ben with 20-25% protein hs s equl s met protein lterntive to met (Ling et l., 1984, Cost et l., 2006). Cowpe is one of the mjor sources of dietry protein in mny prts of the world (Hssn, 2013). Should e noted tht despite the need for soil nd crop nutrient supply it must e in form tht eside meet the gronomic needs prevent their wste pollution. There re reports indicting tht two-thirds of inorgnic nitrogen in griculturl systems through leching, sulimtion, runoff nd erosion is lost (Bisws et l., 2008). Use of renewle resources nd inputs is one of the most principl of sustinle griculture productive griculturl nd environmentl risks re miniml (Kizilky, 2008). Bio-fertilizers, cteril nd fungl micro-orgnisms tht re well-estlished iologicl nitrogen nd phosphorus in the soil solution, especilly in res where the soil is high in clcium with producing significnt mounts of growth hormone minly of Aux, GA nd Cyt hve chrcteristics ffect on the growth nd yield of crops nd soil (Zhir et l., 2004). Nezrt nd Gholmi (2009) in study reported tht Azotocter nd Pseudomons incresed significntly nutrient sorent such s, Nitrogen, phosphorus, potssium, iron, cooper nd zinc. This study exmined the effect of io-fertilizers (Nitro Kr) nd nitrogen in vrious stges of development to determine the most pproprite cultivtion nd fertiliztion process in order to protect the environment, improve nutrition nd increse the yield nd qulity nd increse qulities nd quntities yield. MATERIALS AND METHODS This experimentl is crried out in fctoril form y completely rndomized lock design with three repliction t the reserch sttion of the Islmic Azd University, Mrnd Brnch, north-western Irn, during 2013.The soil of the region is kind of Lomy snd soil nd soil PH test run in the rnge of low to Copyright 2014 Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 423

2 moderte lklinity (tle 1). Tretments include B: the use of io-fertilizer (Nitro Kr) (1: control, 2: contminted seed in plnting stge nd 3: the full green stge) nd C: nitrogen chemicl fertilizer s ure (c1: control c2: plnting stge, c3: the full emergence nd c4: flowering stge). The cultivr used ws locl seeds tht hs unlimited growth hit nd viility ws 90%. The mount of ure ws 200 kg h-1 tht to nd 5 cm elow the foot of the plnt ws used. Bio-fertilizer used in the experiments ws Nitro Kr (Azorhizoium culinodns). This cterium is iding nd round plnt roots, root, stem nd root tissues in the intercellulr spce ctivities. The mount recommended in the product in inoculted seeds ws t the rte full seed soked. In the full emergence 200 g Nitro Kr with 20 liters of wter mixed nd ws dumped y cruciles continer. Tle 1: Anlysis of vrince of some chrcteristics S.O.V df Plnt 100-seed development weight Rep 2 1/505 ns 2/505 ns Dys flowering 0/36 ns to Numer of filled pods per unit re 22/86 ns Bio-fertilizer 2 9/099** 3/3318* 5/59* 2/3001* Chemicl N 3 7/8765** 3/9967 ** 7/70** 4/8654** Bio Chemicl 6 4/1243 ** 4/8967 ** 4/44** 4/1889 ** Error 22 50/23 0/66 9/94 725/611 CV - 1/50 0/39 1/76 2/26 * And ** significnt t 5% &1% respectively. Sttisticl Anlyze In order to check the normlity of dt, nlysis of vrince nd men comprison MSTAT-C softwre were used. The mens of the tretments were compred using the Duncn test t P< RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The nlysis of vrince showed significnt effect of interction etween io- nd chemicl nitrogen fertilizer on plnt height, pods Numer, iomss dry weight, seed yield (p<0.01), nd numer of rnches per plnt (p<0.05), (tle 1). Plnt Development According to the plnt development (figure 1), ppliction of iologicl nd chemicl fertilizers t ll stges cuses incresing in plnt development compred to control tretment. The highest plnt development hd een seen in comined use of nitrogen fertilizers nd iologicl fertilizers t full emergence stge (51/09 cm). In reserch conducted y (Ojghloo et l., (2007), comined use of Azotocter, io-fertilizers nd nitrogen fertilizers cused to mximum vegettive growth, plnt development nd crop yield increse in (Crthmus tinctorius L). Rodriguez-Nvrro et l., (2000), found significnt interctions etween different cteril strins nd vrieties in nodultion, plnt growth nd development, plnt height, dry weight of shoot nd xylems composition of ens. Bio-fertilizers nd nitrogen fertilizers re ctivtor of some enzymtic systems nd lso ply key role in cell division nd cell elongtion. These fctors led to incresed plnt development (Ojghloo et l., 2007). Copyright 2014 Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 424

3 Numer of filled pods per unit re Plnt development c Figure 1: Effects of comined use of io-fertilizers nd chemicl fertilizers on plnt development. Numer of Filled Pods per Unit Are According to the numer of filled pods (figure 2), seems tht ppliction of iologicl nd chemicl fertilizers t ll stges cused increse in numer of filled pods compred to control tretment. The highest numers of filled pods were relted to tretment of comined use of nitrogen fertilizers nd iologicl fertilizers t full emergence stge (272 pcs). Hmidou et l., (2007), showed tht numer of filled pods per plnt in nvy en vrieties were etween (9-22 numers). El-krmny et l., (2007), in the study on penuts with the im of replcing chemicl fertilizers y orgnic fertilizers, expressed the highest numer of filled pods per plnt, relted to tretments tht received 75 percent chemicl fertilizer nd 25 percent io-fertilizer long with orgnic mterils. According to flgs high ctivity, effected y io-fertilizers nd Nitrogen fertilizers usges, ovule inocultion procedure is done properly so hollow nd immture seeds will produce less. Hence, the high ctivity of photosynthesis level, high Assimilte producing nd incresing of grin portion in ssimilte production could e considered s fctors towrds incresing the numer of filled pods cde ef c de def cd ef cde de Figure 2: Effects of comined use of io-fertilizers nd chemicl fertilizers on numer of filled pods per unit re Copyright 2014 Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 425

4 100-seed weight numer of dys to flowering Dys to Flowering According to dys to flowering (figure 3), seems tht ppliction of iologicl nd chemicl fertilizers t ll stges cused increse in dys to flowering in ll the tretments s compred to control tretment. The mximum dys to flowering ws seen in tretment of no fertilizer use. Difference etween mximum nd minimum dys to flowering ws (14/76 %). In study (Ptriquim, Skinner et l., 1987) reported tht Azotocter incresed use of etter sorption of wter nd nutrients y root system nd in ccelerting growth nd flowering plnt is useful locted. Therefore, use of fertilizers, will chnges C/N rtio tht cuses erly flowering c c c c c Figure 3: Effects of comined use of io-fertilizers nd chemicl fertilizers on dys to flowering 100-Seed Weight According to the 100-seed weight (figure 4), seems tht ppliction of iologicl nd chemicl fertilizers t ll stges cused increse in 100-seed weight (/66 grm). The most importnt spect for producer yield is the portion of the product tht hs economic significnce nd rising yield of 100-seed weight tht is one of the effective prmeters in plnt seed yield nd more ssimiltes to grin incresed seed weight. One of the most importnt components of yield is 100-seed weight nd higher 100-seed weight, increse seed yield, (Arshi, 1991). Dhillon et l., (1980) lso noted to the incresing weight of 1000 grins in the presence of Bio-fertilizers. 45 e d d c c c c d c c Figure 4: Effects of comined use of io-fertilizers nd chemicl fertilizers on 100-seed weight Copyright 2014 Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 426

5 Incresing weight of 1000 corn grins s influenced y io-fertilizers hs een reported, (Gholmi nd Biri, 2008). The results of this experiment showed tht ppliction of io-fertilizers could reduce 50% consumption of chemicl fertilizers, lso produce good performnce nd therefore, is not only increse frm profits But the negtive consequences of excessive use of chemicl inputs lso reduced the negtive effects on the environment. Consequently, integrted iologicl nd chemicl fertilizers pplictions due to producing of mximum yield nd yield components could reduce individully chemicl fertilizers usge. REFERENCES Arshi Y Office of Cotton nd Oilseeds (Science nd technology of sunflower Pulictions) (trnslte) (in Persin). Bisws B, Singh R nd Mukhopdhyy ASN (2008). Use of nitrogen-fixing cteri s iofertilizer for non-legumes: prospects nd chllenges. Applied Microiology nd Biotechnology Cost GEA, Queiroz-Monici KS, Neis SMPM nd Oliveir AC (2006). Chemicl Composition, Dietry Fitre nd Resistnt Strch Contents of Rw nd Cooked pe, Common en, Chick pe nd Lentil Legumes. Food Chemistry Dhillon G, Kler GS, Wli AS nd Chhl VPS (1980). Effect of Azotocter chroococcum nd seed size on growth nd yield of mize. Indin Journl of Agronomy El-krmny MF, Bhr AA, Mohmed MF nd Kesh MO (2007). Utiliztion of io-fertilizer in field crops production groundnut yield, its components nd seeds content s ffected y prtil replcement of chemicl fertilizer y io- orgnic fertilizers. Journl of Applied Sciences Reserch 3(1) Gholmi A nd Biri A (2008). The effect of io-priming with Azotocter nd Azospirillum on yield nd yield components of field grown mize. 2nd Irnin Ntionl Congress of Ecologicl Agriculture, Gorgn, Hmidou F, Zomre G, Diouf O, Diop NN, Guinko S nd Brconnier S (2007). Phiziologycl, Biochemicl nd Agromorphologicl responses of five cowpe genotypes (vign unguicult(l.) Wlp.) to wter deficit under glsshouse conditions. Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society nd Environment 11(3) Hssn S (2013). Effect of vriety nd intercropping on two mjor cowpe [Vign unguicult (L.) Wlp], field pests in Mui, Admw Stte, Nigeri. Interntionl Journl of Agriculturl Reserch nd Development 1(5) Kizilky R (2008). Yield response nd nitrogen concentrtion of spring whet inoculted with Azotocter chroococcum strins. Ecologicl Engineering Ling DR, Jones PG nd Dris JHC (1984). Common en (Phseolus vulgris L.), In: The Physiology of Tropicl Field Crops, edited y Goldsworthy PR nd Fisher NM (Wiely, New York) Nezrt S nd Gholmi A (2009). The effects of co-inocultion of Azospirillum nd Pseudomons rhizocteri on nutrient uptke of mize (Ze mys L.). Journl of Agroecology 1(1) Ojghloo F (2007). Effect of inocultion of Azetocter nd Phosphte Brvr iofertilizers on growth, yield nd yield components of sfflower. MSc thesis. Islmic Azd Uinversity, Triz Brnch, )in Persin) Ptriquim DG (1982). N.W. Development in grss cteri ssocition. In: Advnces in Agriculturl Microiology, edited y Su Ro NS (Oxford nd IBH Pulishing Co). Rodriguez-Nvrro DN, Buendi AM, Cmcho M nd Lucs MM (2000). Chrcteriztion of Rhizoium spp en isoltes from southwest Spin. Soil Biology nd Biochemistry Skinner FA, Boddey RM nd Fernnik (1987). Nitrogen Fixtion with Non-Legumes, edited y Skinner FA, Boddey RM nd Fernnik (Kluwer Acdemic Puilishers, Netherlnds). Zhir AZ, Arshd M nd Frnkenerger WF (2004). Plnt growth promoting rhizocteri: pplictions nd perspectives in griculture. Advnces in Agronomy Copyright 2014 Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 427