CONSTRAINTS OF WOMEN DAIRY CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN ADOPTION OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY PRACTICES

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1 Asian J. Dairy & Food Res., 32 (2) : , 2013 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE / indianjournals.com CONSTRAINTS OF WOMEN DAIRY CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN ADOPTION OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY PRACTICES M.l. Meena*, Aishwarya Dudi and N.K. Sharma 1 Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI), Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pali-Marwar , India. Received: Accepted: ABSTRACT A sample of 144 respondents, consisting of 72 members of women dairy co-operative societies and 72 non-members of women dairy co-operative societies were drawn. The respondents were selected randomly from 24 women dairy co-operative societies of 12 randomly selected milk procurement routes. The findings reveal that the member and non-member respondents perceived more constraints in terms of infrastructural and technical mattgs in adoption of improved animal husbandry practices. The economic constraints were perceived least in adoption of improved animal husbandry practices by both members and non-members respondents. There was similarity between rank assigned by member and non-member adopters in animal husbandry practices in different aspects of infrastructural, technical and economic constraints. A correlation exested between overall constraints faced by members and non-members adopters of animal husbandry practices. Key words: Adoption, Animal husbandry,, women dairy co-operative societies INTRODUCTION At present private and co-operative organi zati ons are engaged in production, procurement, processing and marketing of milk in rural areas. The milk producers who sell their milk through private local traders are always exploited. The private traders have been interested in maximizing their own profits and are least concerned in improving the productivity of dairy farming. The burden has therefore, fallen on the co-operative sector. Primary milk co-operative societies have been organized to help dairy farmers in developing dairy as an industry. Rajasthan Co-operative Dairy Federation (RCDF) consists of 16 milk unions. These milk unions cover the 33 districts in the state with a total milk handling capacity of 9 lakh litres per day and 15 chilling plants with a total capacity to chill 4.80 lacs liters milk per day. District co-operative unions provide extension services like breeding (A.I.) and animal health care including vaccination mobile clinics. Jaipur Zila Dugdha Utpadak Sahakari Sangh Limited (popularly known as Jaipur dairy union) was established on 22 March, 1975 with 13 village * Corresponding author s moti2007m@yahoo.co.in 1 SKN College of Agriculture, Jobner (Jaipur) co-operati ves to i mplement the scheme of Operation Flood. Jaipur dairy covers two districts viz., Jaipur and Dausa. At present Jaipur dairy union consists of 1698 functional (registered) dairy cooperative societies (DCSs) with a total membership of Jaipur dairy union has divided the district in 120 milk procurement routes by which the milk is collected from dairy co-operative societies. The milk collection of this union was 4.90 lakh liters per day (Oct., 2011). The union is actively engaged in providing reasonable rates of milk and timely payment to milk producers, to organize the training programmes for members about improved dairy practices to enhance the milk production, providing facilities for disease treatment and animal health care. The union is also providing balanced ration on low cost and improved seeds for green fodder. Co-operative societies are giving emphasis on better adoption of improved of animal husbandry practices. But very poor adoption rate among the beneficiaries. The present investigation has been undertaken with the specific objective to find out the constraints perceived by the members and non-

2 Vol. 32, No. 2, members of co-operative dairy societies about improved animal husbandry practices. METARIALS AND METHODS The present study was confined to Rajasthan Co-operative Dairy Federation (RCDF) which comprises of 16 milk unions in Rajasthan State. Jaipur Zila Dugdh Utapadak Sahkari Sangh Limited (which covers two districts i.e. Jaipur and Dausa), was purposively selected for the study due to the following reasons; Jaipur dairy is one of the largest milk collecting union with 4.80 lacs per day. Out of 120 milk co-operative societies 12 routes were selected randomly present i nvestigation. A comprehensive list of all the women dairy cooperative societies was prepared from the identified milk collection routes. Two women dairy co-operative societies were selected randomly from each selected milk collection routes. Thus, total 24 women dairy co-operative societies have been choosen. Three members were selected randomly from each selected women dairy co-operative societies, thereby making a sample of 72 members as the beneficiary group. A control group of 72 non-beneficiaries (3 cattle owner respondents from each dairy co-operative society s area) were selected randomly for a comparative study. The data were collected through face to face interview technique on a well structured and pre tested schedule. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION It was assumed that a gap exists in level of knowledge and extent of adoption of improved animal husbandry practices among both the respondents. All the possible constraints being faced by the beneficiary and non-beneficiary respondents were grouped into three major categories viz., constraints related to infrastructural, technical and economic aspects. Distribution of women respondents according to constraints perceived by them in adoption of improved animal husbandry practices: The Table 1 indicates that per cent of member and per cent of non-member respondents faced high level constraints and per cent of WDCSs members and per cent of non-member faced medium constraints in adoption of improved animal husbandry practices. The table further revealed that per cent of WDCSs members and only TABLE 1: Distribution of women respondents according to constraints perceived by them in adoption of improved animal husbandry practices. Extent of constraints WDCSs Non-beneficiary of WDCSs F % F % Low (< 9.45 score) Medium ( score) High (> score) F= Frequency, %= Percentage, WDCSs= Women Dairy cooperative societies, N= Number of respondents per cent of non-member faced less constraint. Singh et al. (2012) also observed the same on Manipur. Infrastructural constraints as perceived by the women respondents in adoption of improved animal husbandry practices:the beneficiaries perceived location of artificial insemination centre at distant place, women dairy co-operative society is far away from home and irregulaupply of cattle feed during main requirement season, were the major constraints in adoption of animal husbandry practices (Table 2). Further, constraints like feeding problem to dairy animals during scarcity condition like drought and non-availability of green fodder throughout the year were perceived by the member as constraints and assigned 4 th and 5 th rank, respectively. The non-beneficiary reported problem of location of artificial insemination centre at distant place, women dairy co-operative society is far away from home and irregulaupply of cattle feed. Further, constraints related to non-availability of green fodder and feeding problem to dairy animals during scarcity condition like drought was also perceived by the non-beneficiaries. An effort was also made to find out the relationship in perception of infrastructural constraints by women beneficiary of WDCSs and non-beneficiary in adoption of improved animal husbandry practices. The value of rank order correlation was 0.90, it indicate positive correlation. The calculated value of t (3.58) was significant at 5 per cent level of significance and leads to conclusion that there were similarity in ranks assigned by member and non-member respondent to different aspects of infrastructural constraints.

3 98 ASIAN JOURNAL OF DAIRY AND FOOD RESEARCH TABLE 2: related to infra structural as perceived by the women respondents in adoption of improved animal husbandry practices. Vyas and Patel (2001) and Singh et al. (2012) also observed similar findings in theitudied. Technical constraints perceived by the women respondents in adoption of improved animal husbandry practices:a critical analysis of Table 3 reveals that members were facing problems related to poor adaptability of cross bred cow in local climate susceptibility of cross bred cow to disease, lack of knowledge about feeding, breeding and management practice. Low acceptability of milk from cross bred was another constraint, Ignorance of farmers about clean milk production and lack of knowledge about animals treatment were visible. The non-beneficiary also percei ved constrainly in adoption of IAHP. Further they also WDCSs Non-beneficiary of WDCSs Women Dairy co-operative society is far away from home II II Irregulaupply of cattle feed III III Location of artificial insemination centre at distance place I I Non-availability of green fodder throughout the year V IV Feeding problem to dairy animals during scarcity condition like drought IV V Overall = 0.90* t = 3.58 = Rank correlation, * Significant at 5 per cent level of significance, MPS= mean per cent score ; WDCS= Women Dairy Cooperative Societies TABLE 3: related to technical as perceived by the women respondents in adoption of improved animal husbandry practices. WDCSs Non-beneficiary of WDCSs Lack of knowledge about feeding, breeding and management practice III III Susceptibility of cross bred cow to disease II II Milk of cross bred cow has poor consumer acceptability IV V Ignorance of farmers about clean milk production V VI Poor adaptability of cross bred cow in local climate condition I I Lack of knowledge about animals treatments VI IV Overall = Rank correlation, * Significant at 5 per cent level of significance WDCS= Women Dairy Cooperative Societies perceived constraints regarding lack of knowledge about animal treatment, milk of cross bred cow having lowconsumer acceptability and ignorance of farmers about clean milk production. The tabulated value of rank order correlation was 0.93 which indicate positive correlation. The calculated value of t (2.96) was significant at 5 per cent level of significance. This leads to a conclusion that there was similarity in the ranks assigned by beneficiary and non-beneficiary to different aspects of technical constraints in adoption of animal husbandry practices. Economic constraints perceived by the women respondents in adoption of imroved animal husbandry practices adopters:acitical analysis of Table 4 reveals that members perceived lack of = 0.83* t = 2.96

4 Vol. 32, No. 2, TABLE 4: related economic as perceived by the women respondents in adoption of improved animal husbandry practices adopters WDCSs Non-beneficiary of WDCSs Lack of guidance for available credit facilities II II High charge for emergency service/feed VI V Less price of cow's/buffalo's milk offered by society V VI There is no provision of loan for cattle purchasing by society and union I I Irregular and inadequate system of bonus distribution IV III Labour requirement for cross bred animals is more as compared to deshi animals III IV Overall = 0.89* t = 3.82 N= Number of Respondents; MPS= Mean Per cent Score provision of loan for cattle purchasing by society union and lack of guidance for available credit facilities as the major constraints in adoption of IAHP. Further they perceived labour requirement for cross breed animals is more as compared to deshi animals, irregular and inadequate system of bonus distribution, and high charge for emergency service and feed. The non-member also perceived that lack of provision of loan for cattle purchasing by society and union, lack of guidance for available credit facilities and irregular inadequate system of bonus distribution as the major constraints. They also observed that labour requirement for cross breed animals in higher as compared to deshi animals. TABLE 5: Overall constraints perceived by the women members and non-members in adoption of improved animal husbandry practice (N= 144) WDCSs Non-beneficiary of WDCSs Infra structural constraints I I Technical constraints II II Economic constraints III III Overall = 1.00** t = 2.73 The tabulated value of rank order correlation was 0.89 which indicate positive correlation. The calculated value of t (3.82) was significant at 5 per cent level of significance. This lead to conclusion that there were similarities the ranks assigned by member and non-member adopter animals husbandry practice in different aspects of economic constraints inspite of difference in magnitude of mean per cent score. Overall constraints perceived by the women respondents in adoption of improved animals husbandry practices:among the three categories of constraints infrastructural constraint was perceived with highest intensity. This was followed by technical constraints and economic constraints by both beneficiary and non-beneficiary. The value of rank order constraints correlation ( ) was to be 1.00, it indicates positive correlation. The calculated value t (2.73) was significant at 1 per cent level of significance. Which lead to conclusion that there is association in realization of overall constraints by beneficiary and non-beneficiary in adoption of improved animal husbandry practices. The findings of present study was in line with the findings of Sheela and Swami (1994), Bairathi, et al. (1997), Sirohi and Sirohi (1997), Choudhary and Intodia (2000), Mathure (2001), Meena and Fulzale (2001), Singh et al. (2003), Mohi and Bhati (2006), Tanwar et al. (2010) and Yadav and Grover (2012).

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