NEW COMPLEX SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AS A FOUNDATION FOR INTEGRATED PLANT PROTECTION

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1 NEW COMPLEX SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AS A FOUNDATION FOR INTEGRATED PLANT PROTECTION Roma Semaškienė, Albinas Auškalnis Lithuaniain Institute of Agriculture

2 Content Good agricultural practise and integrated crop management Historical research data Nowadays and future challenges

3 Growing world population needs food Agriculture Industry Research

4 Good agricultural practise Good Agricultural Practices are a collection of principles to apply for on-farm production and postproduction processes, resulting in safe and healthy food and non-food agricultural products, while taking into account economical, social and environmental sustainability. GAPs may be applied to a wide range of and at different scales. They are applied through sustainable agricultural methods, such as integrated pest management and conservation agriculture.

5 GAP principles Economically and efficiently produce sufficient, safe and nutritious food Sustain and enhance natural resources Maintain viable farming enterprises and contribute to sustainable livelihoods; Meet cultural and social demands of society.

6 Components of IPM program Pest indentification Monitoring and population assessment Control action guidelines Preventing pest problems Integrating of biological, chemical, cultural and mechanical management tools

7 Integrated Pest Management Action tresholds Monitoring and indentifying Prevention Control

8 Integrated plant protection Chemicals that kill pests are applied only when needed and other methods will not work The least hazardous pesticide and the lowest effective amount of pesticide should be used.

9 Integrated pest management Strategic preventative measures Avoidance of pathogen sources Crop rotation Tillage

10 Integrated disease management Tactical preventative measures Resistant varieties Removal of crop residues from field Healthy seeds Sowing time Crop structure

11 Research tasks Intensive research, evaluation and development work is needed to establish measures for prevention and control of pest, tools for monitoring, thresholds values for harmful organisms. Different crop growing conditions and site-specific effect should be evaluated. Analyze of historical data and results of ongoing trials will inure for recommendation making for IPM strategies. Research activities should be focus in order to keep track of changes over time and improve recommendation constantly.

12 Varieties response on tan spot at different primary infections level Severity % Date - BBCH Hereward Inoculated with straw Natural field infection Severity % Date - BBCH Tauras Inoculated with straw Natural field infection Severity % Date - BBCH Aron Inoculated with straw Natural field infection

13 Effects of tillage practices on tan spot (BBCH31-32) 80 % % Plowing Reduced tilage 0 Incidence Severity

14 Tilia Varieties and crop response to snow mould (Microdochium nivale) 50,0 45,0 40,0 35,0 30,0 25,0 20,0 15,0 10,0 5,0 0,0 Carola Širvinta I Lina Milda Bill Seda Tauras Zentos Lars Ada Alma Lietuvos 3 Joniai Duoniai Tornado Fidelio Winter wheat Winter rye July Winter 2009, triticale Vilnius Winter barley

15 Influence of sowing time and rate on weeds mass in winter rye g m-2 g m , ,3 20, , VIII.25 IX.05 IX.15 IX.25 X ,5mln 4,5mln 5,5mln 6,5mln

16 Influence of seed rate on weeds in spring wheat Seed rate Triso Vanek mln/ha number mass number mass

17 Sowing time influence on abundance of aphids in spring barley Sowing time Aphids/stem 10 April April 9 20 April April April May May 81

18 Pesticide resistance risk in Lithuania in 2008 Septoria leaf blotch (Septoria tritici) + Tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici repentis) + Net blotch (Pyrenophora teres) - Pollen beetle (Meligethes spp.) + Susceptible Moderately Resistant ,0 37, ,3 74,0

19 Climate change impact on pests and diseases Changes in geographical distribution of pests and diseases (from southwest to north east) Occurrence of new diseases and pests (Ramularia in spring barley, orange wheat blossom midge, cabbage gall fly in oil seed rape) Mild winters increase over-wintering populations of all pests Earlier occurrence More generations Faster development and higher incidence

20 Spring barley grain infection by Fusarium Infected grain % July , 2006 Vilnius 2007

21 Percent of infected plant by aphids Abundance of aphids in potato Risk increase of viral diseases

22 Adjustments to climate change should be focused on: Choice of crop Choice of variety Breeding for special traits Drilling time Risk assessment and forecasting are important tools enabling growers to adapt to new diseases risks caused by changing climate conditions. Specific investigations on pest epidemiology and control are needed. Development of new management strategies for cropping technologies, plant protection and other specific tools for end-user (farmer) are important.

23 Scientific well-founded & elaborated research is needed for the new Integrated Pest Management strategies.

24 Thank you for your attention