Beyond Scarcity Water Security in the Middle East and North Africa

Transcription

1 Beyond Scarcity Water Security in the Middle East and North Africa Dr Anders Jägerskog Senior Water Resources Management Specialist Global Water Practice, MENA Unit World Bank Prepared for seminar 11 March: Young Mediterranean Water Heroes Nature-Based Solution for a Water Secure Mediterranean, Anafora/Cairo, Egypt,

2 Water security: an assessment Water resources are not managed sustainably Access is improving, though challenges remain Water-related risks are growing 2

3 UNSUSTAINABLE USE Greatest depletion rates - especially of groundwater in the world Wada and Bierkens (2014) 3

4 UNSUSTAINABLE USE Some are not making the most of the scarce resource 4 TOTAL WATER PRODUCTIVITY Qatar Kuwait Israel United Arab Emirates Bahrain Djibouti Oman Jordan Lebanon Saudi Arabia West Bank and Gaza Algeria Tunisia Morocco Libya Islamic Rep. of Iran Arab Rep. of Egypt Iraq Average productivity in high income Average countries productivity in middle income countries Total water productivity (USD/m 3 )

5 Recycling water is a massive opportunity 82% not recycled

6 Diversified water supply contributes to resilience and helps reduce depletion 6

7 Water security: an assessment Water resources are not managed sustainably Access is improving, though challenges remain Water-related risks are growing 7

8 8 ACCESS TO WATER SERVICES IS IMPROVING Large disparities remain

9 Libya Yemen Iraq West Bank and Gaza Djibouti Algeria Tunisia Oman Arab Rep. of Egypt Morocco Saudi Arabia Kuwait United Arab Emirates Islamic Rep. of Iran Jordan Israel Qatar Lebanon Average ACCESS TO WATER SERVICES IS UNEVEN Large economic losses from inadequate water supply and sanitation especially in conflict affected countries 9 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% Economic losses from inadequate water supply and sanitation (share of GDP)

10 FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF WATER SERVICES Service fees lower than global averages COMBINED WATER AND WASTEWATER BILL London Barcelona Dubai Tel Aviv Jerusalem Ramallah Muscat Abu Dhabi Doha Rabat Casablanca Dar es Salaam Khouribga Nador Distrito Federal (Mexico City) Kuwait City Amman Tunis Algiers Beirut Tehran Cairo Alexandria Manama Riyadh Jeddah Damascus Combined Water and wastewater bill per m3 [2016 USD]

11 Water security: an assessment Water resources are not managed sustainably Access is improving, though challenges remain Water-related risks are growing 11

12 12 RISKS ARE GROWING Climate change to be a primary driver of surface water stress increase to 2030 especially in conflict and migration affected countries

13 13 RISKS ARE GROWING Failure to address water challenges driver of migration for instance in Iraq

14 RISKS ARE GROWING Essential to share transboundary waters cooperatively 14

15 15

16 Take home messages Water security is about much more than just coping with water scarcity Water governance challenges are the common denominator of water insecurity in the region 16 Strategies that focus on supply side solutions have made limited progress towards water security Global experience shows that technology, policy and institutional management need to evolve together to achieve water security. opic/water/publication/beyondscarcity-water-security-in-themiddle-east-and-north-africa HERE