SUBSOIL COMPACTION. Distribution, Processes and Consequences ADVANCES IN GEOECOLOGY 32. R. Horn, J. J. H. van den Akker & J. Arvidsson (Editors)

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1 R. Horn, J. J. H. van den Akker & J. Arvidsson (Editors) SUBSOIL COMPACTION Distribution, Processes and Consequences Zoologisckefe Instill Technjsefti Univer.vii.V. D Braunschwoin ADVANCES IN GEOECOLOGY 32 A Cooperating Series of the International Union of Soil Science (IUSS) IUSS - UISS - IBU ISBN

2 Advances in GeoEcology 32 Reiskirchen 2000 R. Horn Introductory remarks Contents Chapter I: Theory R. Horn Preface 1 J. Arvidsson, A. Trautner & J.J.H. van den Akker Subsoil compaction - risk assessment and economic consequences 3 T. Baumgartl, J. Rostek & R. Horn Internal and external stresses affecting the water retention curve 13 P.D. Hallett, A.R. Dexter, N.R.A. Bird & J.P.K. Seville Scaling of the structure and strength of soil aggregates 22 K.H. Hartge The effect of soil deformation on physical soil properties - A discourse on the common background - 32 R. Horn & J. Rostek Subsoil compaction processes - state of knowledge 44 A. Paz & J. Guerif Influence of initial packing density, water content and load applied during compaction on tensile strength of dry soil structural units 55 B.P. Warkentin Clay surface changes on soil compaction 64 P. Weisskopf, U. Zihlmann, C. Wiermann, R. Horn, Th. Anken & E. Diserens Influences of conventional and onland-ploughing on soil structure 73 T.R. Way, T.Kishimoto, E.C Burt&A.C. Bailey Soil-tire interface pressures of a low aspect ratio tractor tire 82 Chapter II: Modelling J.J.H. v.d.akker Preface A.K. Guber Water movement forecasting model in soils under compaction 97 C.E. Johnson, A.C. Bailey & W. A. Foster, Jr. 107 Soft soil behavior A.J. Koolen & J.J.H. van den Akker On the use of agricultural soil data required in soil deformation models 118 A.M. Mouazen & M. Nemenyi Finite element modelling of subsoiling processes 126 J.H.M. Wosten The HYPRES database of hydraulic properties of European soils 135 JieZhuang, Guirui Yu, Tsuyoshi Miyazaki & Keiichi Nakayama Modeling effect of compaction on soil hydraulic properties - A NSMC scaling method for saturated hydraulic conductivity

3 C. Simota, J. Lipiec E. Dumitru & S. Tarkiewicz SIBIL - A simulation model for soil water dynamics and crop yield formation considering soil compaction effects - Model description 154 A. Trautner, H. Fleige, J.J.H van den Akker, J. Arvidsson, R. Horn, K. Pedersen Structure, development and use of a database about soil physical and mechanical properties and crop response as related to subsoil compaction 169 B.G. Richards, T. Baumgartl & R. Horn Modelling coupled processes in structured unsaturated soils - Theory and examples P. Febo, F. Lucurelli & D. Pessina Soil-tyre interaction parameters influencing soil compcation: - A study of contact area prediction models Chapter HI: Properties J. Arvidsson Preface 202 L. Alakukku Response of annual crops to subsoil compaction in a field experiment on clay soil lasting 17 years 205 P. Bazzoffi & S. Pellegrini Stratification of soil compaction, structure decay and soil erosion as influenced by urban refuse compost and low-pressure tractor tyres 209 H.H. Becher Influence of soil heterogeneity and water tension on the penetration resistance of aggregates from loess-derived soils 218 M. Berli, B. Kulli, W. Attinger & R. Schulin Subsoil compaction of agricultural land by heavy construction machinery - Soil mechanical aspects H. Boizard, G. Richard, M. Brancourt-Hulmel & J. Guerif Effect of cropping systems on change in bulk density, penetration resistance and hydraulic conductivity in subsoil 233 A. Castrignano, M. Maiorana & F, Fornaro Evaluation of mechanical impedance of a silty clay soil in two soil tillage systems in Southern Italy 242 Cs. Farkas, Cs. Gyuricza, P. Ldszlo & M. Birkds Study of the influence of soil tillage on soil water regime 251 H. Fleige & R. Horn Field experiments on the effect of soil compaction on soil properties, runoff, interflow and erosion 258 J.L. Hernanz & V. Sanchez-Giron Compaction effects due to field traffic on soil properties and the response of different crops in three tillage systems 269 B. Kulli, M. Berli, M. Gysi, R. Schulin & H. Fluhler Subsoil compaction on agricultural land by heavy construction machinery - Soil physical aspects O. Larink & St. Schroder Rehabilitation of degraded compacted soil by earthworms 284

4 F. Moreno, F. Pelegrin, J.E. Fernandez, J.M. Murillo & I.F. Giron Influence of climatic conditions on soil physical properties under traditional and conservation tillage 295 M. Pagliai, S. Pellegrini, N. Vignozzi, S. Rousseva & O. Grasselli -The quantification of the effect of subsoil compaction on soil porosity and related physical properties under conventional to reduced management practices 305 V.A. Snyder, J. Rivadeneira & H.M. Lugo Temporal changes in soil structure and hydraulic properties in the plow layer of an Oxisol (Orthic Ferralsol) following tillage 314 A. Velykis Effect of subsoiling on agrophysical properties of compacted clay loam soil 325 W.B. Voorhees Long-term effect of subsoil compaction on yield of maize 331 C. Wiermann & R. Horn Effect of different tillage systems on the recovery of soil structure following a single compaction event 339 Chapter IV: Distribution W.C.T. Chamen Preface 351 M. Birkds, T. Szalai, C. Gyuricza, M. Joldnkai & M. Geese Subsoil compaction problems in Hungary 354 A. Canarache Review of research on subsoil compaction of pedogenic origin in Romania: Extent, effects, remediation 363 W.C.T. Chamen The impact of tillage practices on the soil and wider environment, with particular regard to arable cropping in England 370 E. Fulajtdr Assessment and determination of the compacted soils in Slovakia 384 S. Rousseva, T. Mitova, K. Stoinev & I. Dimitrov Studies on subsoil compaction by tillage and traffic in Bulgaria: A review 388 F. R. Zaidelman The impact of deep loosening on physical properties and fertility of heavy-textured gleyed soils 397 E. Nugis & J. Kuht Subsoil compaction in Estonia 402 Chapter V: Methods M. O'Sullivan Preface 409 J.B. Dawidowski, J.E. Morrison & M. Snieg Determination of soil precompaction stress from in situ tests 411 E.V.Shein Spatial and temporal variability of soil density, water content and water retention curves 419

5 G. Spoor Compaction characteristics of swelling clay subsoils 427 S. Tarkiewicz & J. Lipiec Methods for simultaneous recording of stresses and displacements in soil under wheels of agricultural machinery 435 F.G.J. Tijink & J.P. van der Linden Egineering approaches to prevent subsoil compaction in cropping systems with sugar beet 442 Per Schjonning Proposing drop-cone penetration as a mean of estimating soil internal friction and cohesion 453