PNRP Hearing Stream 2 12 July 2017 Natural Wetland or Ephemeral Stream - Manuka Example of natural wetland?

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1 PNRP Hearing Stream 2 12 July 2017 Natural Wetland or Ephemeral Stream - Manuka Example of natural wetland? 1

2 Natural Wetland Triangle? Pugging? Manukas Upstream of above picture Labrador for scale 2

3 Craigs Creek intermittent runs from May?? October Nov catchment about 400ha July 2017 Note water colour for winter Taueru River looking Upstream Summer

4 Upstream Taueru July 17 Taueru Access track to Berwyn Flats 4

5 Taueru Bank Erosion Taueru River Crack Willows 5

6 Stream Bank Erosion - stream cutting back unnamed 250ha catchment Taureu Flood

7 Taueru Flood Park Apr 17 Ruamahanga in flood. Are the floodways Surface Water Bodies? 7

8 Woolshed yard Drain coming out of Spring not just for surface flow during rainfall Surface waterbody Continuation of Woolshed Drain 8

9 Pole planting Front Half Moon Stream type? Note water quality June 17 Sheep Crossing spot in Hoopers 9

10 Sheep Crossing Craigs in lamb ewes Ungrazed Riparian margin 10

11 Typical Eastern Hill country view Spring 2015 Far Turnip Cultivation, landform retirement Hoopers Spring 2015 Strip Tilling Strip-till is a conservation system that uses a minimum tillage. It combines the soil drying and warming benefits of conventional tillage with the soil- 11

12 protecting advantages of no-till by disturbing only the portion of the soil that is to contain the seed row. Strip-till - Wikipedia Strip Tilling Maize Definitions used in this chapter Conventional or full tillage rearranges the entire topsoil. It may require several passes to first turn the soil and then break it down into a friable seedbed prior to sowing. 12

13 No-tillage or zero-till involves one pass during which a part of the soil surface is disturbed or opened and the seeds are placed concurrently in that disturbed zone. The seeder opener may be a knife-point as little as 5 mm-wide on a tine, or a single, double or triple-disc set at a slight angle to the direction of travel. Minimum tillage as defined here is generally a one-pass tillage operation at sowing synchronous with seed placement, typically achieved using full cut-out points, or full cut-out one-way or offset discs to break up the entire soil surface. It may include a shallow cultivation between seasons to control weeds when it may be called reduced tillage. Conservation tillage is a generic term that covers any tillage system that reduces loss of soil and water compared with conventional tillage. Some have defined it more tightly to include treatment of residues specifying that at least 30 percent of the soil surface should be covered with residues after sowing so as to reduce erosion by water. It is likely to include zero, minimum and reduced tillage systems within the definition. Tillage points 180 mm (left) and no-till points 12 mm, 50 mm winged, 50 mm winged with deep knives 13

14 Source Google Paddocks ready for direct drilling Direct Drilling Machinery Disc drill Harvesting - Karen Williams Arable farmer 14

15 Main Bowlands Yards Shearing Summer 2014 Built

16 Earthworks Batter Slope constructed

17 Pasture Growth on Batter Slope Downstream Natural Slit Trap 17

18 Further Downstream - culvert to grass and flow into Dam Example of Stabilisation Berwyn Lane wide view 1 Truckload 3m wide and 10cm deep - $ $375 18

19 Example of Stabilisation Narrow View compacted wheel tracks source of sediment Roads near Surface Water Body QE2 block on left and boundary fence metalled

20 Road Near Surface Waterbody Forestry road metalled 2012 Earthworks to Beehive Site in Forestry and Veg Clearance 20

21 Gorse Clearance and cast slope Sprayed spring 15 road built Nov 16 Root Raking Bulldozer Root Raking - Digger 21

22 Roller Crushing 22