沙之敏 1, 陈侠桦 2, 赵峥 3, 史超超 1, 袁永坤 4 1

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1 Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Jun. 2018, 26(6): DOI: /j.cnki.cjea ,,,,,. 14 [J]., 2018, 26(6): SHA Z M, CHEN X H, ZHAO Z, SHI C C, YUAN Y K, CAO L K. Effect of fertilizer management on dry matter accumulation, yield and fertilizer use efficiency of rice cultivar Huayou-14 [J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2018, 26(6): * 沙之敏 1, 陈侠桦 2, 赵峥 3, 史超超 1, 袁永坤 4 1, 曹林奎 ( ; ; ; ) : 基于长期测坑定位试验, 连续两年研究了不同施肥方式对上海地区高产杂交水稻 花优 14 干物质积累规律 产量和肥料利用率的影响, 以期为上海地区稻田科学的养分管理提供理论依据 试验设置 4 个处理 : 不施肥 (CK) 单施化肥处理[CT, 300 kg(n) hm 2, 60 kg(p 2 O 5 ) hm 2 和 60 kg(k 2 O) hm 2 ] 有机无机配施处理(MT, 与 CT 等氮磷钾, 80% 尿素 +20% 有机肥, 磷钾不足部分以化肥补充 ) 和单施有机肥处理 (OT, 与 CT 处理等氮量 ), 分析了不同施肥处理下水稻干物质积累特征 产量结构 肥料利用率和经济效益的差异 结果表明, 水稻生育期干物质量积累符合 Logistic 方程 MT 年平均干物质最大积累速率达 0.78 kg hm 2 d 1, 分别比 OT 和 CK 显著高 0.17 kg hm 2 d 1 和 0.19 kg hm 2 d 1, 与 CT 之间无显著差异 MT 灌浆期同化物输入对籽粒贡献率为 76.3%, 与 CT 差异不显著, 但比 OT 和 CK 处理分别显著提高 9.4% 和 5.2% 水稻收获后, MT 的年平均产量分别比 CT OT 和 CK 处理高 3.5% 15.6% 和 63.4%, 氮素农学利用率分别较 CT 和 OT 提高 9.7% 和 53.7% 有机肥结合化肥施用能够显著提高水稻干物质积累速率并促进花后同化产物向籽粒的输入, 从而提高产量, 在保证水稻经济效益的同时减少化肥投入, 提高了肥料利用率, 是较优的施肥方式 : 水稻 ; 施肥方式 ; 有机无机配施 ; 干物质积累 ; 肥料利用率 : S131 : A : (2018) Effect of fertilizer management on dry matter accumulation, yield and fertilizer use efficiency of rice cultivar Huayou-14 * SHA Zhimin 1, CHEN Xiahua 2, ZHAO Zheng 3, SHI Chaochao 1, YUAN Yongkun 4, CAO Linkui 1 (1. School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai , China; 2. Baoshan District Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Shanghai , China; 3. Eco-environmental Protection Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai , China; 4. Qingpu Water Authority, Shanghai , China) Abstract: Rice is one of the most important crops in China. The production of rice has dramatically increased over the last 50 years due to high input of chemical fertilizers. To control the unreasonable application of fertilizers (e.g., more chemical fertilizers, less organic manure or neglect of crop growth curve), we researched the effects of fertilizer application on dry matter accumulation and * (2016YFD ) ( ) ( ) ** :, clk@sjtu.edu.cn, zhiminsha@sjtu.edu.cn : : * This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD ) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( , ). ** Corresponding author, clk@sjtu.edu.cn Received Nov. 10, 2017; accepted Mar. 5, 2018

2 yield of rice in Shanghai. The objective of the study was to explore a scientific fertilization management for high yield and high fertilizer use efficiency cultivation of rice in Shanghai. To this end, two-year ( ) field Lysimeter experiment was conducted at a typical paddy rice plot in a rural suburb of Shanghai, China. The Huayou-14 rice cultivar, which is widely cultivated in Shanghai, was used in the experiment. A total of four treatments were investigated, including no fertilizer treatment (CK) as the control, receiving neither chemical fertilizer nor manure; sole chemical fertilizer treatment (CT) of 300 kg(n) hm 2 urea, 60 kg(p 2 O 5 ) hm 2 calcium superphosphate and 60 kg(k 2 O) hm 2 potassium chloride applied according to the practice of local famers in the area; sole organic fertilizer treatment (OT) of poultry manure with total N at the same rate of 300 kg(n) hm 2 ; and chemical-organic fertilizers mixture (MT) of 80% urea and 20% organic manure based on 300 kg(n) hm 2. The dry matter accumulation characteristics, yield, fertilizer utilization rate and profitability were analyzed for different fertilization treatments. The effects of different fertilization treatments on dry matter accumulation of rice became significant from booting stage, which was higher in MT and CT than in OT and CK. Dry matter accumulation curves of Huayou-14 during growth stage were simulated by Logistic equation Y = W m /(1+ae bt ), in which t is the days after transplanting, Y is the dry matter accumulation, W m is the ultimate amount of dry matter. The maximum dry matter accumulation rate under MT increased respectively by 0.17 kg hm 2 d 1 and 0.19 kg hm 2 d 1 compared with OT and CK, but no significant difference compared with CT. Photosynthate accumulation at grain filling stage contributed mainly to rice yield. The contribution rate of photosynthate accumulation at grain filling stage to yield under MT was 76.3%, which was 9.4% and 5.2% higher than that under OT and CK, but had no significant difference from that under CT. At harvest, rice yield increased respectively by 15.6% and 63.4% under MT compared with OT and CK. However, no significant difference was observed between MT and CT. Agronomic efficiency of fertilizer significantly improved under MT, which was respectively 9.7% and 53.7% higher than CT and OT. It was possible to improve yield by increasing dry matter accumulation and extending growth period. The combined application of chemical fertilizer and manure was effective for dry matter accumulation as it provided sufficient nutrient supply for growth and dry matter accumulation even after flowering. Thus, it was a useful strategy for improving rice yield, reducing chemical fertilizer input and avoiding excessive waste of resources. Keywords: Paddy rice; Fertilizer management; Organic-inorganic fertilizer mixture; Dry matter accumulation; Fertilizer use efficiency (Oryza sativa), [1-2], [3-4], [5],, [6-7],,, [8],,,, [9-11] 14, 2008, 2 hm 2 14,, 2, 1 材料与方法 ,, 2009, 3, 3,, 2.5 m, ( 1),,,

3 6 : ,,, 5 6 ( , ), ( , ), 3 ( , ), 25 cm, 15 cm (7 9 ),, 4, 300 kg(n) hm 2, 60 kg(p 2 O 5 ) hm 2 60 kg(k 2 O) hm 2 : (CT),,,, ; (OT),,, ; (MT),, 300 kg(n) hm 2, 240 kg(n) hm 2, 60 kg(n) hm 2,, , CT, ; (CK), 1 3, 12, 6 m 2, 2014, 0~20 cm,, 2 Fig. 1 图 1 测坑结构及水稻种植示意图 Schematic view of Lysimeter structure and rice cultivation ( )( )( ) ( )( )( ) ( ), 2 Table 1 表 1 供试不同处理的施肥方案 Fertilization scheme for different treatments Treatment Type Nitrogen fertilizer Application rate [kg(n) hm 2 ] Phosphate fertilizer Type Application rate [kg(p 2 O 5 ) hm 2 ] Potassium fertilizer Type Application rate [kg(k 2 O) hm 2 ] CK CT MT OT Urea 20%+ 80% Manure 20% + urea 80% Manure Calcium superphosphate / Manure/calcium superphosphate Manure / Potassium chloride / Manure/potassium chloride Manure / %;, N 2.26%, P 2 O %, K 2 O 0.77%, 26.8%; P 2 O %; K 2 O 60% N content of urea is 46%. Manure is made from poultry waste, containing 2.26% of N, 2.13% of P 2 O 5 and 0.77% of K 2 O, water content of manure was 26.8%. P 2 O 5 and K 2 O contents in calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride are 17.5% and 60%, respectively

4 Table 2 表 2 供试土壤基本理化性质 Physical and chemical properties of the experimental soil Treatment ph Organic matter (g kg 1 ) EC (ms cm 1 ) Total N (g kg 1 ) NO 3 -N (mg kg 1 ) NH 4 + -N (mg kg 1 ) Available P (mg kg 1 ) Available K (mg kg 1 ) Bulk density (g cm 2 ) CK CT MT OT , : =/ (1) (kg hm 2 )= [12-13] (2) (kg hm 2 )= [12] (3) (kg kg 1 )=( )/ (4) (kg kg 1 )=/ [14] (5) =/ (6) SPSS Microsoft Excel 结果与分析 2.1 2a,,, MT CT OT, CK, ( 2b),, 1 2, MT CT OT CK, MT CT OT, Fig. 2 图 2 不同施肥处理水稻营养体生物量 (a) 和总生物量 (b) 的动态变化 Dynamics of vegetative organs biomass and total biomass of rice in different fertilization treatments

5 6 : , (Y) (t) S, Logistic Y=W m /(1+ae bt ) [4], ( 3) 3 3, - -, , MT CT 14 CK OT 1 CT, 0.95 g 1 d 0.66 g 1 d 1 1 ; MT, 0.94 g 1 d 0.64 g 1 d MT CT CK , OT ; 2015 CK , OT MT, 93 d 95 d, CT, 95 d 98 d, OT(98 d 102 d) CK(96 d 106 d) CT=MT>OT>CK,, Fig. 3 图 3 不同施肥处理水稻干物质积累速率曲线 Curves of total biomass accumulation rates of rice in different fertilization treatments Year Table 3 表 3 不同施肥处理水稻地上部干物质积累的 Logistic 模型 Logistic equations for rice total biomass accumulation in different fertilization treatments Highest increase rate (HIR) Treatment Regression function Correlation coefficient (r) (kg hm 2 d 1 ) Day of HIR (d) CK Y=35.5/( e t ) CT Y=86.63/( e t ) MT Y=81.88/( e t ) OT Y=53.392/( e 0.052t ) CK Y=40.139/( e 0.044t ) CT Y=60.271/( e t ) MT Y=59.684/( e t ) OT Y=48.949/( e t ) t ; Y t is the days after transplanting; Y is the dry matter accumulation. 2.3 ( 4), , , 2, 2014, CT MT OT CK, 2014 MT, t hm t hm panicle hm 2, CK , CT,

6 Year Treatment Grain yield (t hm 2 ) Table 4 表 4 不同施肥处理的水稻产量及构成因素 Rice yield and yield components in different fertilizer treatments Straw dry weight (t hm 2 ) Grain-straw ratio grain weight (g) Effective panicle number (10 4 panicle hm 2 ) Grains per panicle Panicle length (cm) CK 6.63±0.38b 4.31±0.56b 1.57±0.11a 30.80±0.25a ±11.98b ±6.54b 12.13±1.72b CT 10.22±0.72a 9.72±1.37a 1.08±0.09ab 30.00±0.44a ±36.55a ±8.82a 15.66±0.22a MT 10.61±0.21a 11.53±0.37a 0.92±0.01b 29.93±0.49a ±4.11a ±4.40a 15.05±0.19a OT 9.93±0.67a 8.33±1.27a 1.23±0.17ab 30.47±0.29a ±27.28ab ±1.93a 15.24±0.32a CK 5.09±0.06b 5.94±0.39b 0.86±0.04a 32.80±0.91a ±3.53b ±12.90a 12.88±1.74a CT 8.27±0.24a 12.64±0.61a 0.66±0.02b 31.33±0.73a ±12.83a ±1.79a 13.93±0.07a MT 8.54±0.06a 12.64±0.77a 0.68±0.03b 31.27±0.54a ±36.76a ±4.41a 13.92±0.02a OT 6.63±0.18ab 8.06±0.28a 0.83±0.05a 32.67±0.30a ±8.38ab ±8.41a 11.03±1.86a (P<0.05) Different lowercase letters mean significant differences among treatments in the same year at P < , MT CT CK, 2015 OT, MT CT %~67.52%, 32.48%~45.55%, MT CT OT CK 10%, 2015, 2014 (),,,,,, MT, CT, CT MT MT CT 9.9% 15.2%, MT, , CT, 0.52,, Year Treatment Table 5 表 5 不同施肥处理的水稻肥料效率与收获指数 Fertilizer use efficiencies and harvest indexes of rice in different fertilizer treatments Dry matter transfer at pre-anthesis Transfer rate (t hm 2 ) Contribution rate to grain (%) Assimilate transport to grain at post-anthesis Transport rate (t hm 2 ) Contribution rate to grain (%) Nitrogen agronomic efficiency Nitrogen partial factor productivity Harvest index CK 2.14c b a CT 3.70a ab ab 34.05a 0.52bc MT 3.52a a a 35.36a 0.48c OT 3.10b ab b 33.10a 0.55b CK 1.04b c a CT 1.47ab a a 27.56a 0.40b MT 1.89a a a 28.46a 0.40b OT 1.67a b b 22.09b 0.45a (P<0.05) Different lowercase letters mean significant differences among treatments in the same year at P < , CT hm 2, MT CT hm 2, OT hm 2 4, 2 MT, CT, OT, 2014 MT CT CT, MT ; OT CT

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