PRODUCTION POTENTIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INDIAN ar.. VARDAN UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND SULPHUR

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1 Indian J. Agric. Res., 45 (1) : 65-70, 2011 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE ccjournals.com / indianjournals.com nals.com PRODUCTION POTENTIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INDIAN MUSTARD Var ar.. VARDAN UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND SULPHUR Amit Kumar* and Sandeep Kumar Department of Agronomy CCR (PG) College, Muzaffarnagar , India Received : Accepted : ABSTRACT A field experiment was carried ried out with Indian mustard Var ar.. Vardan sown during winter season of to study the effect of different levels of nitrogen (0, 60, 80,100,120 and 140 kg/ha) and sulphur (0, 20,40 and 60 kg/ha) on yield and various yield characters as well as the economics of growing mustard. Nitrogen application had significantly increased all the yield contributing characters viz.. number of pods/ plants, pod length, number of seeds,seed weight /plant and test weight whereas the sulphur levels had increased significantly only the number of pods/plant and number of seeds / pod. The higher level of nitrogen had significantly increased the grain yield, stick and straw yield, whereas none of them was affected by higher level of sulphur.neither nitrogen nor sulphur doses affected the harvest index x significanty.. The maximum net retur eturn n of Rs /ha was obtained with fertilizer application of 120 kg N/ha + 20 kg S/ha which gave the cost benefit ratio of 1:2.58 against net return of only Rs 9340 /ha with 1:1.02 cost benefit ratio under control. Key words : Production potential, Economics, Indian mustard, Nitrogen levels, Sulphur levels. INTRODUCTION The genetic potential of the cultivar, soil fertility and agronomical practices followed influence the productivity of a crop. It is substantially required to fully exploit the production potential of a cultivar by standardizing some of the agronomical practices particularly the application of fertilizers to have balanced nutrient supply to the crop. Indian mustard responds very well to the fertilizer application due to profuse foliage, deep and extension root system and better tolerance to low temperature,pests and diseases etc. The plants uptake the nutrient from the moist soil and with the help of photosynthetic activities,convert them into food materials (synthesis of carbohydrate and conversion into plant lipids ). This requires the availability of all the essential nutrients which are essential components of the protoplasm and chlorophyll material. Nitrogen is the integral part of chlorophyll and enzymes essential for plant growth process. Likewise, sulphur is also an integral part of the essential amino acids. Both these elements are also involved in plant metabolism and their deficiency cause slow crop growth and lower the crop yield. The information is are scanty on the response of Indian mustard to different level of these nutrients for better yield of new cultivars in western U.P. particularly for Muzaffarnagar District. The persent field experiment was therefore planned *Present address: C-84, Nand Vihar, Rohta Road, Meerut (U.P.).

2 66 INDIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH to study the production potential of Indian mustard (B. juncea Var. Vardan) in relation to the nitrogen and sulphur doses. MATERIALS AND METHOD The present field experiment was conducted at agricultural farm of CCR(PG) College, Muzaffarnagar, during rabi season of the year to study the production potantial and economics for growing Indian mustard var.vardan in relation to various doses of nitrogen and sulphur. This experiment was conducted by sowing mustard variety Vardan after harvesting paddy. The soil of experimental field was sandy loam having organic carbon as 0.5%, available N, P and K as 181, 20 and 128 kg/ha, respectively with ph 7.2. The experiment was conducted in a factorical design with 15 treatment combinations of 5 nitrogen doses ( 60,80,100,120 and 140 kg/ha), 3 sulphur doses (20,40,and 60 kg/ha) and one control (having neither nitrogen nor sulphur application) with 3 replications and thus having 48 subplots. The sources of nitrogen were DAP and urea whereas gypsum was the source of sulphur. Murate of 82.5 kg/ha was applied in furrows before sowing the seeds. Half dose of nitrogen was applied as basal before sowing the seeds and rest at second irrigation. The crop was sown by keeping the seed rate of 6 kg/ha with sowing the seeds 2-3 cm deep in furrows keeping 30 cm row to row distance. The intra row spacing (plant to plant distance) was kept 15 cm by thinning out the extra plants after 22 days of sowing. Two weedings were done after 22 and 50 days and 3 irrigration were given after 15, 65 and 100 days of sowing the crop. The spray of Endosulphan 35EC /ha in 800 liters of water was done on the appearance of aphids during February. The characters recorded were the number of pods / plants,pod length (cm), number of seeds / pod, seed weight/ plant, test weight of 1000 grains, grain yield, stick and straw yield. The data collected on different characters were subjected to statistical analysis applying the analysis of variance technique to test the effect of different levels of nitrogen and sulphur with their interactions. RESULTS TS AND DISCUSSION The average values of grain yield contributing characters in relation to diffrent doses of nitrogen and sulphur have been persented in Table1, whereas for diffrent types of yield, crop productivity and harvest index in Table 2. Yield attributes It was observed that the plant grown in 15 plots of treatments having diffrent levels of nitrogen and sulphur bore about 90 pods (silique) more per plant than those grown without applying any dose of nitrogen and sulphur ( Table 1) and this difference was found to be statistically highly significant. Similarly, the fertilizer application produced significantly longer pods with significantly more number of seeds per plant,significantly higher weight of grains per plant and also significantly higher test weight of the plants compared to grown under control condition. Therefore application of fertilizer had made significant improvement in all the yield attributes. This was in agreement with the findings of various workers (Tomer et al, 1996,1997;Uttam etal,1997;patel and Shelke,1999; Mohan and Sharma,1992; Chauhan etal,1996). The data presented in Table 1 have indicated that the production of the number of pods per plant increased significantly with increase in each successive level of nitrogen upto 140kg/ha. The application of nitrogrn had increased significantly the length of siliqua upto 140 kg N/ha and produced significantly more number of grains per siliqua upto 120 kg N/ha. The weight of grains per plant and test weight were both affected significantly with nitrogen application but the diffrences were not significant among the first three low levels of nitrogen.(table 1) for both the attributes. Similar result have been reported by Mohan and Sharma (1992),Uttam etal (1997),Tomer etal (1997)and Singh etal (1999) for different yield attributes.

3 The effect of sulphur was found to be highly significant on the production of number of siliquae (pods) per plant upto the application of sulphur at the rate of 40 kg/ha. The sulphar application had also produced significantly more number of grains per pod also upto 40 kg/ha. On the other hand, the sulphur application did not influence the pod length, seed weight per plant and test weight. Significant increase due to sulphur application in the yield characters have been resported by Mohan and Sharma (1992),Chauhan etal (1996), Uttam etal (1997),Tomer etal (1996,97) and Patel and Shalke (1999). On the contrary, sulphur application did not affect the pod length and test weight (Singh and Saran,1993) and pod length (Rajput and Yadav, 1997). The interaction effect of fertilizers was found to be significant for number of pods / plants, number of seeds / plants and test weight. This indicated that certain combinations of fertilizers application were better then others. The treatment combination of N 5, (140 kg N/ha+20 kg N/ha) was found Vol. 45, No. 1, better for number of pods/plant and N 1 (60kg N/ ha+20kg S/ha) produced minimum number of pods/ plant, followed by N S (120kg N + 40 kg S/ ha ) whereas these two treatment combinations were equally good for number of seeds/plants.the test weight was found highest for N 4 (120kg/ ha+40kg S/ha) treatment followed by N 5 (140kg/ ha N/ha+120kg S/ha). Yield studies The yield of different parts of mustard plants studied were the grain yield, straw yield and the stick yield. The grain yield was also studied in terms of harvest index which is the percentage of grain yield to sum total of all the three yields.the data presented in Table 2 have shown that all the three yield were highly significantly affected by the application of fertilizer. The crop sown in treatment plots produce significantly more grain, straw and stick yield over the control plot. The improvement in grain yield was more (85%) than stick yield (73%) and straw yield (54%). The data on harvest index (Table 2) have indicated that it was not influenced significantly Table 1 : Average values of different yield contributing characters in relation different doses of nitrogen and sulphar. Effects Pods/Plant Pod Length Seeds/Pod Seed weight/plant Test weight of (No.) (cm.) (No.) (gm.) 1000 grain (gm.) Control Treatments CD 5% 20.4** 0.14** 0.25** 0.90** 0.12** Nitrogen (Kg/ha): CD 5% 16.2** 0.14** 0.20** 2.38** 0.10** Sulphar (Kg/ha): CD 5% 12.6** NS 0.16** NS NS **P<0.01 NS=Not Significant.

4 68 INDIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH Table 2 : Average values of different yields, harvest index and crop productivity in relation to different dresses of nitrogen and Sulphur. Effect Grain Straw Stick Harvest Productivity yield yield yield index per day (q/ha) (q/ha) (q/ha) (%) (Kg/ha) Control Treatment CD 5% 2.96** 2.96** 9.99** N.96** Nitrogen (Kg/ha): CD 5% 2.22** 2.22** 8.14** N.55** Sulphur (kg/ha): CD 5% NS NS NS NS NS **P<0.01 NS= Not Significant. between control and treatment plots,although it was higher by 15% for treatment group over control. This was due to differential increase in three types of yields in treatment plots. It was further observed that the application of nitrogen and sulphur had increased the productivity of the crop (kg/ha/day) over control group. The persual of data presented in Table 2 further indicated that the increase in yield of grains, straw and stick was attributed to the nitrogen application and not to sulphur application. However, there were significant differences in grain yield of first three adjacent levels of nitrogen as well as between higher two levels of 120 and 140 kg N/ha.The straw yield and stick yield increased with each successive increase in nitrogen level, though the differences were not significant between two adjacent level of N1 and N2, N3 and N4 for straw yield and any two adjacent levels for stick yield. The harvest index was not influenced significantly either by nitrogen or sulphur doses. The productivity was found to be highly significantly affected by nitrogen doses, though the productivity of adjacent level of nitrogen did not differ significantly except last two higher levels. The application of sulphur also did not influence the harvest index and crop productivity /day.the interaction effect of nitrogen and sulphur was found not to have significant effect on either character viz. grain yield, straw yield, stick yield, harvest index and crop productivity. This further indicated that sulphur application had no effect on either character because the different doses of sulphur had the same effect.the present results regarding the effect of nitrogen on grain yield have supported the findings of earlier workers (Uttam etal 1997; Chauhan etal 1996;Singh etal,1999; Kumar etal 2001). However, the findings of present investigation regarding the effect of sulphur on these characters failed to corroborate the findings of Uttam etal (1997),Chauhan etal (1996) and Kumar etal (2001) who had reported

5 Vol. 45, No. 1, 2011 Table 3 : Economics of mustard cultivation under different treatments. 69 Treatments Cost of Gross return Net return Cost profit Cultivation (Rs./ha) (Rs./ha) ratio Control N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N significant increase in these characters due to sulphur application.. Economic analysis The cost of cultivation, gross return,net return and cost profit ratio for growing mustard with different combination of nitrogen and sulphar doses and for control plot having no application of either nitrogen or sulphur have been presented in Table 3. Net return of Rs 9340/- per hectare was registered for control yield in which neither nitrogen nor sulphur was applied.this gave the cost profit ratio of 1:1:02 indicated that net profit is equal to the investment and hence after investing Rs the net profit is Rs Therefore, the money is doubled in a period of 6 months by mustard cultivation without fertilizer application. REFERENCES The application of nitrogen had increased the net return. The increase in net return was doubled by application of nitrogen at the rate of 60 and 80 kg/ha over the control. The net return further increased with increase in level of nitrogen above 80 kg/ha upto 140 kg N/ha.The application of sulphur above 20 kg/ ha did not increase the net return. The maximum net return of Rs /ha was registered with application of 120 kg N/ha + 20 kg S/ha. This gave the cost profit ratio of 1:2.58.The increase in net return/ha from Indian Mustard have also been reported by Rajput and Akram (1983) for increasing level of nitrogen and Uttam etal (1997) and Patel and Shelke(1999) for increasing level of Sulphur. Chauhan, D.R., Paroda,S and Ram,Mangat (1996).Response of Indian mustard (Brasicca juncea) to biofertilizer, sulphur and nitrogen fertilization. Indian J.Agron 41 : Kumar, S., Singh, B and Rajput,A.L.(2001).Response of Indian mustard (Brasicca juncea) to source and level of sulphur.indian J.Agron, 46,

6 70 INDIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH Mohan, K and Sharma,H.C. (1992). Effect of nitrogen and sulphur on the growth,yield attributes, seed yield and oil yield of Indian mustard (Brasicca juncea). Indian J.Agron.,37 : Patel, J.R. and Shelke,V.B. (1999). Effect of F.Y.M., phosphate and sulphur on yield attributes, yield, quality and net return of musturd.bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika, (Hindi) 14: Rajput,R.L. and Yadav,K.S.(1997). Effect of sulphur sources and levels on seed yeild of mustard varieties. Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika (Hindi), 12 (2): Singh, S and Saran,G.(1993).Effect of irrigation, sulphur and nitrogen level on growth, yeild attributes,yield, quality and water use of toria (Brassica campetris sub spp.oleifera var. Toria) Indian J.Agron 38: Tomar,R.K.S., Chaurasia,S.C.,Rahu,J.S. and Singh,V.B. (1996).Growth, yeild and net return of mustard under different level of nitrogen and sulphur application of clay loam soils.j. Oilseed Res.,13 (1): Tomar,T.S., Singh S., Kumar, S. and Tomar,S.(1997). Response of Indian mustard (Brasicca juncea ) to nitrogen, phosphours and sulphur ferilization. Indian J.Agron.,42 (1): Uttam, S.K., Keim,D.C. and Kumar,A.(1997).Effect of sulphur and nitrogen on yeild attributes, yeild and water use efficiency of mustard under rain feed condition.bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika,12 (2) :72-76.