Command Area Management Study of Karjan Dam Gujarat, India using Remote Sensing and GIS

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1 IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering Volume 1 Issue 11 May 2015 ISSN (online): X Command Area Management Study of Karjan Dam Gujarat, India using Remote Sensing and GIS Priteshkumar R. Mori M.E. Student Department of Civil Engineering (WRM) L.D.C.E- Ahmedabad Dr. Indra Prakash Faculty-BISAG Department of BISAG Gandhinagar, Gujarat Dr. Pradeep P.Lodha Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering G.E.C VALSAD, Gujarat Chiragkumar S. Bhura M.E. Student Department of Civil Engineering (WRM) L.D.C.E- Ahmedabad Abstract The command area management of a dam includes various parameters to studied i.e. ground water recharge, irrigation intensity, water use efficiency (WUE) knowing land use pattern, various thematic maps etc. These parameter are estimated using some calculation and by generating maps using Remote sensing and Geographical system (GIS). The software model used in this study is ArcGIS 9.3. The thematic maps of command area shows the land use pattern, canal network, village boundary, ground water level depth of Karjan dam command area. Keywords: Irrigation Intensity, Remote Sensing, GIS, Ground Water Level, Water Use Efficiency I. INTRODUCTION Command area management, is on-farm development works such as, construction of field channels, land leveling/ shaping, realignment of field boundaries where necessary and set of action plans for rejuvenation of irrigation system. Management of water below the canal outlets offers the greatest scope for increased production and productivity in the irrigation commands. Irrigation Water Management is defined as a process by which water resources are manipulated in order to provide water for plant growth. Management is accomplished through a system of hardware (structure) and the operating rules (software). An irrigation system has three basic components-delivery, application and disposal. These are part of hardware system. While delivery procedure encompass rate, duration and frequency, water allocation, scheduling of irrigation are the system software. Both these system are important in management of irrigation system. Irrigation management may mean differently from person to person. To the irrigation system manager good management means equitable distribution of water without significant losses and with a fairly good degree of certainty. Irrigation is vital for realizing full potential of agriculture sector and efficient utilization of our water resources, therefore assumed great significance. The distribution of rainfall is not only seasonal but also unequal. Partial failure or delayed arrival of the monsoon may cause extensive damage of crops. Besides, as the winter months are mostly dry, the cultivation of rabbi crops depends largely on irrigation so irrigation is needed II. STUDY AREA Karjan Reservoir Project is suited near Jitagadh village of Nandod Taluka, Dist Narmada of Gujarat state. River Karjan is left bank tributary of river Narmada. It is down stream of Sardar Sarovar Project. The project covers ha CCA through left and right bank canal system. The project area lies on the western coast of the Indian continent, between and longitude east and and latitude north. The elevation of the project area varies between 18m to 120m. above MSL. III. OBJECTIVES To analyze efficacy of command area development after construction of dam and canal network. Parameter included in this study are: Ground water level Land use / Land cover map All rights reserved by 161

2 Water use efficiency IV. METHODOLOGY Collection preliminary and detailed field data. Determine irrigation intensity and Generating thematic maps like Land use, Canal network, Water table, etc. Analyses the data and maps Conclusion V. IRRIGATION SCENARIO Irrigation has always been a critical means of enhancing production and productivity of agricultural crops. Productivity of rain fed farming being less than half of that in the irrigated farming, there exists high potential of increasing crop production in India by extending irrigation to rain fed areas. The Government of India is spending considerably large amounts of money on creation and management of irrigation facilities to realize the untapped potential and to achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture. Irrigation scheduling deserves the top priority as an instrument of canal irrigation management and optimal crop production. Fig. 1: Irrigated Area in LBMC In study region the cultivable command area of left bank main canal(lbmc) is hector. From Fig.1 it is clear that in hot wt. a very less area is irrigated through canal irrigation. Major crop area is covered in rabi season. Maximum annual irrigated area was ha in Fig. 2: Irrigated Area in RBMC The total cultivable command area in Right Bank Main Canal(RBMC) is ha. It is clear from Figure.2 is maximum one third area of command is irrigated through canal irrigation. In rabi season maximum irrigation done through canal while in hot weather irrigation through canal is not satisfied. Intensity of irrigation is defined as the percentage of the irrigation proposed to be irrigated annually. All rights reserved by 162

3 Fig. 3: Canal Wise Intensity of Irrigation VI. GENERATING THEMATIC MAPS Fig. 4: Land Use Map of Karjan Dam Command Area The methodology of LU/LC mapping has been explained in form of flowchart containing all steps as shown in figure 3.1. The data inputs in a Arc GIS 9.3 usually spatial and consists of thematic maps derived from a combination of existing maps and manual interpretation of remotely sensed imagery. The imageries of IRS-LISS-III of year 2013 have been extracted. For that ArcGIS 9.3 tool has been used. The land use map shows the 80 percentage land is covered by the agricultural land. Fig. 5: Canal Network All rights reserved by 163

4 Fig. 6: Village Boundary of Karjan Dam Command Area The irrigation water is originated from the Karjan dam and is distributed through Left and Right main canal. The canal network data structure is important to assess the spatial distribution of the water demand and supply for irrigation planning and management. VII. GROUND WATER LEVEL Elevation or level of the water table in a well when the pump is not operating. The level or elevation to which water would rise in a tube connected to an artesian aquifer or basin in a conduit under pressure. A. Procedure for Generating Water Table Maps: Open ArcGIS Add XY data IDW 3D RECLASSIFY 1) Provide interval and give classes as required Raster to Polygon Smooth Polygon Clip required map area and save file File properties categories- Grid code Export the map Fig. 6: A: GWL May 2001 All rights reserved by 164

5 Fig. 6: B: GWL Oct 2001 Fig. 6: C: GWL May 2001 Fig. 6: D: GWL Oct 2006 Fig. 6: E: GWL May 2011 All rights reserved by 165

6 Fig. 6: F: GWL Oct 2011 Fig. 6: G: GWL May 2014 Fig. 6: H: GWL Oct 2014 VIII. WATER USE EFFICIENCY Water use efficiency indicate the overall efficiency of the agricultural land, agro climate condition of existing canal network. It means considering all losses how much amount of water more then it release needs to make the existing irrigation system efficient. Water use efficiency = quantity of water used / quantity of water supplied. All rights reserved by 166

7 Table - 1 Water Use Efficiency in LBMC Watre Use Efficiency in LBMC Year Quantity of water Quantity of water used in ha.m supplied in ha.m WUF Table - 2 Water Use Efficiency in RBMC Watre Use Efficiency in RBMC year Quantity of water Quantity of water used in ha.m supplied in ha.m WUF IX. CONCLUSION The overall impact of the canal irrigation has been increased in Rabi and Hot weather seasons. The maximum and minimum annual intensity of canal irrigation in RBMC was 58 percent and 28 percent respectively, whereas in LBMC 30 percent and 22 percent. In LBMC the major area is irrigated through ground water and due to perennial crop pattern of the area the requirement water is fulfill by both the ground water and canal releases. A Land use map of the Karjan dam command area shows the 80 percent area of gross command area is covered by the crop land. Generating map of canal network with village boundary help to analyze the potentiality of canal to different places in command area. Ground water level maps has been shows the change in area of water levels in last 14 years. In 2001 the maximum area is covered by 8 to 15 meter depth whereas in 2014 the major area covered by 2 to 8 meter depth of water. The result shows the rise of water level after implementation of dam and canal network system. Water Use Efficiency of canal irrigation in between 2008 to 2014 in RBMC command was 0.13 to 0.20 whereas in LBMC command there was 0.14 to 0.25 minimum and maximum respectively. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Authors are thankful to the Director, BISAG and his technical staff for providing valuable help and facilities for conducting this study. Authors are also thankful to the Department of Karjan dam Rajpipla, Gujarat. for sharing the data and information of the study area. REFERENCES [1] A. K. Mishra1, Bir Pal Singh2 and R. K. Sharma3, Influence of canal water distribution system on water productivity of selected kharif crops in distributaries of Eastern Yamuna Canal (EYC) command area - Recent Research in Science and Technology 2012 [2] Anil Kumar Application of GIS and RS on Catchment and Command Area Management of Hattikuni Dam, Yadgiri District. By, IJERT-VOL-3 [3] Chalumiri Ramesh Naidu, M.V.S.S.Giridhar Geo-spatial Database Creation for Wazirabad Canal Command Area, journal of Geographic Information System,2011, 3, (JGIS-Scientific Research) [4] Dwitikrishna Panigrahi On-Farm Water Management Options for Increasing Irrigation Efficiency in Command Areas of Orissa. Orissa review-october [5] Dr.B.C.Punamia, et. Al Irrigation and Water Power Engineering, Laxmi Publication-New Delhi [6] G. D. Bhatt I*, S. P. S. KushwahaI, S. NandyI, Kiran BargaliII Vegetation types and land uses mapping in South Gujarat using remote sensing and geographic information system Forestry and Ecology Department, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, ISRO, Dehradun , Uttarakhand, India- IROSSS All rights reserved by 167

8 [7] Jaspal Singh, M.S Acharya, Arun Sharma, Water Management (Problems and Prospects in Command Area),By: Himansu Publication-Udaipur [8] P.Maurel, A. Vidal Integration of Remote Sensing and GIS for the Management of Large Irrigation Project. Remote Sensing laboratory, CEMAGREF, BP 5095, Montpellier Cedex 01, France. [9] S.S.Ray, V.K.Dadhwal, R.R. Navalgund Performance evaluation of an irrigation command area using remote sensing : A case study of Mahi command, Gujarat, India.. Agricultural Water management ELSEVIER. [10] Rajendra Yadav, Dr. K.C. Sharma A Study of Irrigation, Cropping Pattern and Ground Water Scenario in Viratnagar Tehsil (Rajasthan, India) Global Journal For Research Analysis, Vol: 4, Issue: 2 February 2015 [11] [12] All rights reserved by 168