Threats or opportunities? The role of pond aquaculture in biodiversity conservation in Latvia

Transcription

1 International Seminar Experience and initiatives to reduce environmental impacts and NGO cooperation possibilities on Daugava/Dvina river basin November 2017, Daugavpils, Latvia Threats or opportunities? The role of pond aquaculture in biodiversity conservation in Latvia Arturs Skute 1, Mihails Pupins 1 1 Institute of Life Sciences and Technologies, Daugavpils University. Parades street 1A. arturs.skute@du.lv

2 Daugava

3 Latvian rivers basins

4 Daugava s basin

5 Aquaculture targeted cultivation of hydrobionts in regulated environment Pond aquaculture targeted cultivation of hydrobionts in the pond regulated environment

6 Pond aquaculture in the Daugava s basin in Latvia Aquaculture ponds complexes

7 Daugava Natural water flow

8 Daugava Pond water flow

9 Daugava Pond water flow

10 Daugava Pond water flow

11 Daugava Pond water flow

12 Artificial food Hydro-chemical pollution Clean water Pond hydrobionts Chemical wastes

13 Invasions

14 Genetic contamination

15 Native pond ecosystem Aquaculture pond ecosystem Ecological contamination

16 Native local evolution before Changed local evolution after Evolutional contamination

17 Native future before Changed future after??? Contamination of future?

18 Pond aquaculture is traditional type of aquaculture in Latvia. The studies carried out by us over the last 10 years have shown that all the ponds used for aquaculture in Latvia can be divided into two groups: Pond aquaculture in Latvia Traditional Ponds (TP) Farming Ponds (FP).

19 Parameters Traditional pond Farming pond Area area of ha 5 ha and more Purpose Use for recreation Methods of cultivation provision of additional food for owners recreation of owners extensive production of hydrobionts for sale recreation as a product for sale intensive Function homestead pond fishery Method of creating digging damming and diversion of waters from rivers and streams Filling precipitation and groundwater streams and rivers Possibility of drainage no yes

20 Parameters Traditional pond Farming pond Type of aquaculture Productivity of the pond polyculture the owner does not care monoculture Motto a hobby a business is the main result of work for the owner

21 The TP and FP in Latvia differ in principle according to the described below impacts of the aquaculture on the biodiversity conservation. Parameters Traditional pond Farming pond Genetic contamination of the local population by the productive lines of hydrobionts no highly possible Increases biodiversity in itself on the surrounding territory contamination with invasive species no yes Eutrophication of the environment no yes Mosaic habitats increases reduces Typical cultivated hydrobionts Carassius carassius Cyprinus carpio, Tinca tinca, Carassius auratus

22 Zīdītāju izplatība dīķsaimniecībās 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 % no dīķu saimniecībām Zīdītāju vidējais blīvums 0-Nekad; 1-Reti; 2- Bieži; 3-Ļoti bieži Mammals distribution and density in FP and TP in Latvia

23 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 Putnu vidējais blīvums Putnu izplatība dīķsaimniecībās 0-Nekad; 1-Reti; 2- Bieži; 3-Ļoti bieži % no dīķu saimniecībām Birds distribution and density in FP and TP in Latvia

24 CONCLUSIONS The results of the research showed that if the role of TP for preserving and increasing the biodiversity in Latvia is predominantly positive, then the role of FP depends to a large extent on the strategy and priorities of FP managing. The dynamics of the ratio of the number and area of ponds in Latvia over the past ten years shows that the number of TP in Latvia increases, while the number of FP remains practically at the same level. This allows us to hope for a sustainable conservation of biodiversity on the background of the development of pond aquaculture in Latvia.

25 We thank all the scientists, organizations, photographers, authors for the possibility of using of their work results. Many photos for this lecture were found in WEB, most of them hadn t names of authors or references. If you are the author, send please your info and we will add the reference to you. If you are the author and you don t agree that your materials are used in this lecture, contact me please at arturs.skute@du.lv. We will remove your materials as soon as possible.

26 Thank you for your attention!