An Overview of Methyl Bromide Alternative Research on the Central Coast of California

Transcription

1 An Overview of Methyl Bromide Alternative Research on the Central Coast of California Mark Bolda UC Cooperative Extension Annual Strawberry Meeting, Feb 1, 2017

2 The Direction We are Headed: Integrated Pest Management of Soil Pathogens

3 Introduction Continuing tests of alternative fumigants. Use of crop termination for cultivation in Fusarium infested soils. Addition of amendments to enhance effect of fumigation. Integration of variation of horticultural methods with alternative fumigants.

4 Exploring alternative fumigants TRX58

5 TRX58 trial Test material TRX58 (550 #/A) compared to Triform 80 (34 gal/a) and untreated check done in field heavily infested with Fusarium. Flat fumigation, followed by planting of 5 varieties (Cabrillo, Albion, Monterey, Sweet Ann and San Andreas).

6 April & May

7 Yield totals

8 Conclusion Fumigation with weak fumigant is better than doing nothing. Variety tolerance DOES NOT maintain full yield, and performance IS enhanced by the use of a fumigant.

9 Crop Termination

10 Concept. Crop termination 2016 full study KPAM (47 gal/a) & Dominus (340 lbs/a) compared to untreated control in soil heavily infested with Fusarium. Crop removed post application, ground prepared and subsequent crop in same beds. Six varieties of strawberry.

11 Sweet Anne in 10# boxes per acre 3000 A AB B KPAM Dominus Untreated Sweet Anne

12 Fronteras in 10# boxes per acre 6000 A 5000 A B KPAM Dominus Untreated Fronteras

13 San Andreas in 10 # boxes per acre 3000 A A B KPAM Dominus Untreated San Andreas

14 Untreated two beds in middle, treated on either side 5 acres total 47 gal/ A KPAM, 1 week after application

15 Fusarium infestation of crowns post 2 weeks % Infested crowns Untreated control 87.5* KPAM Crop termination 27.5 p=0.03

16 Integration of Horticultural Methods: Three Potentials for Adjustment post Methyl Bromide Length of supplemental cold conditioning Color of plastic adjustment of soil temperature Amount of nitrogen fertilizer

17 The treatments of the trial Methyl bromide 350# Untreated control Chloropicrin 350 # Dominus # Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) Steam

18 Concluding Thoughts Higher levels of nitrogen, especially early, can close the gap in plant performance from methyl bromide and its alternatives. Cooler plastics could be slowing nitrification and leaving nitrogen available for longer, thus contributing to better plant performance. Certain fumigants leave behind larger microbial populations and cycle through nitrogen faster.

19 Next steps

20 More data collection Temperature monitoring of soil temperatures. Monitoring of leaching and monthly sampling for ammonium and nitrate. Before and after macronutrient analysis.

21 Conclusion Integrated management of soil pathogens will be the essential mindset of success going forward in strawberry. Continuing research MUST include all aspects of soil pathogen management fumigation, plant resistance, crop management and nonfumigant alternatives.

22 Acknowledgements Rod Koda Miguel Ramos Steven Koike Monise Sheehan California Berry Cultivars Joji Muramoto Isagro Plant Sciences, Inc. Steve Fennimore AMVAC Trical Soilfume Farm Fuels, Inc. Chandler Bennett

23 Light Brown Apple Moth -LBAM in Raspberries, Strawberries, and Blueberries, 2018 Mark Bolda, UCCE

24 This presentation is in four parts: The quarantine Biology and idenfication of LBAM. Monitoring for LBAM in the field. Management and Control.

25 LBAM Initial invasion blueberries Raspberries 2009 Strawberries 2010 And the problem continues in 2018 with spread of LBAM to areas well south of Central Coast. Concern of trading partners Canada and Mexico.

26 Introduction The reaction of the USDA to LBAM 1. Quarantine of areas with detected LBAM

27 Regulation Monthly (or more frequent) inspections of harvested produce at the cooler. On detection of suspect LBAM, hold put on field or block from where suspect LBAM came from. Negative hold removed Positive inspection of field arranged, grower free to enact control procedures before inspection. If more larvae found in field, field is closed for shipment outside of quarantine area until it is cleared.

28 How to identify LBAM and other leafrollers in the field.

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42 The challenge for us: Put into place a program of LBAM management which keeps those populations down to close to zero and prevent field closure and economic loss.

43 The Three Legs of a Sound LBAM Management Program Sprays Removal of rolls in the field Pheromone based mating disruption

44 Insecticide Use. Strawberries: Intrepid, Radiant, Coragen, organophosphates, pyrethroids Raspberries: Intrepid, Delegate, Altacor, organophosphates, pyrethroids Entrust Bt s (Xentari, Agree, Dipel, Javelin) Pyganic? Oils?

45 Removal of rolls in the field.

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48 Concept Mating disruption:

49 Application of pheromone based twist ties.

50 How to use twist ties in the field ties per acre, also putting some around the edge of the field. The life of each twist tie is 4-6 months, replace them afterwards. Ask for more twist ties from Pacific Biocontrol.

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52 Unas cosas sobre los precintos de feromonas.

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56 Combination of methods three legs Apply insecticides when you find leafrolls in the field. Remove and destroy leafrolls in the field. Use of pheromone based twist ties to maintain populations low in the field.

57 Conclusion