Partnerships for Achieving Improved Food and Nutrition Security in the era of Climate Change. Yemi Akinbamijo PhD Execu4ve Director

Transcription

1 Partnerships for Achieving Improved Food and Nutrition Security in the era of Climate Change Yemi Akinbamijo PhD Execu4ve Director Keynote presentation at the 3rd Global Conference on Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Security and Climate Change Johannesburg, 3-5 December 2013

2 Click to edit Master /tle style 1. Introduc4on Outline 2. The food and nutri4onal challenge & strategies for overcoming it in the era of climate change 3. Role of Partnerships 4. Concluding remarks 2

3 Star4ng Point Everything can wait but agriculture cannot wait! Jawaharlal Nehru Indian Statesman and First Prime Minister

4 Click to edit Introduc4on Master /tle style History Repeats itself? If history repeats itself, and the unexpected always happens, how incapable must Man be of learning from experience George Bernard Shaw 4

5 Click to edit Introduc4on Master /tle style The world is on a trajectory taking us beyond the planet s carrying capacity and progressively altering the earth s climate. Change to a more sustainable order is crucially essen4al Africa--the drying last cistern of the planet exploit it sustainably In this era of climate change, a shir to a climate- smart order is not an op4on 5

6 Click The Unpalatable to edit Master Oxymoron /tle style "የአባይን:ልጅ:ዉሃ:ጠማ ው::" The child of the Nile (Abay) is thirsty 6 - Ethiopian proverb

7 Click to edit Introduc4on Master /tle style A climate- smart world is within reach if we: act now (MTN) act together act differently than we have in the past WDR 2010: Development and Climate Change 7

8 The Food & Nutri4onal Security Challenge Top: Global Globally we are largely on track to achieve MDG1 target But off track from the 1996 WFS target 842 million people undernourished Source: FAO, IFAD & WFP (2013) SOFI, Rome, FAO Bodom: Africa Africa is off track for both targets 226 m (21.2%) people undernourished

9 Click to edit Master /tle style The Food & Nutri4onal Security Challenge Prevalence of overweight and obese children under- five, (%) Overweight and obese children to rise by 43% in developing countries ( ) Africa Asia Developed Countries Developing Countries Source: de Onis, et al Note: Asia excludes Japan; Developed Countries includes Japan

10 Key drivers of change in African agriculture and food systems Demand Stocks Prices Popula4on growth Urbanisa4on Income growth Supply Increased calorie and nutrient consump4on Market Trade Increased supply of calories and nutrients Produc4vity Growth Increased resilience Agric R&D Investments in produc4on, value addi4on & marke4ng Climate Change Adapted from Msangi, 2012 Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa 10

11 Click to edit Master /tle style The Food & Nutri4onal Security Challenge Produce significantly more food.. - on less land, - with less water, - using less energy, fer4lizer and pes4cide - whilst not increasing GHG emissions or damaging the environment Withstand clima4c stresses and shocks Reduce the amount of waste and losses Produce nutri4ous and safe food 11

12 Click to edit Master /tle style The Food & Nutri4onal Security Challenge The impact of climate change on food and nutri4onal security developing economies is most severe because of their : greater exposure to climate shocks (geography) low adap4ve capacity Simulated change in LGP by 2050 rela4ve to 1990 (mean of 12 climate models) 12

13 There Click is to a hole edit in Master our roof /tle style If the roof is leaking, those sleeping on the dry mat should not snore Yoruba Proverb 13

14 Africa: Projected changes in LGP LGP Change: based on the European Centre- Hamburg GCM and the B1 (conserva>ve) scenario Source: Thornton et al. (2006) Mapping Climate Vulnerability and Poverty in Africa, ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya

15 Africa: Click Density to edit of Master undernourished /tle style people by farming system Highest density of under- nourishment in Eastern & Southern Africa is in high poten4al areas where the scope for expanding area under cul4va4on is limited 15 Sustainable Intensifica4on Source: Garrity et al, 2012

16 Click to edit Master /tle style Sustaining the CAADP Momentum Impact Wealth Crea4on Job Opportuni4es and Food Security Economic Growth Resilience Outcomes Knowledge, CAADP Pillars Information and Skills (KIS) Land Agriculture and ICT in Markets, Food & NutriBon Agriculture Research& Water Science Agenda Private Sector Agricultural Security Education Knowledge and Transformation Training Strategic Strategic Thrust Thrust Strengthening & Strengthening aligning Ins4tu4ons, & aligning Policies Ins4tu4ons, & Leadership Policies & Leadership Knowledge & Knowledge Knowledge & Knowledge Support Support Financing & Financing Investments & in Investments Agriculture in Agriculture 16

17 Increasing agricultural produc4vity in the Click to edit Master /tle style era of climate change Mainstream climate- smartness in agriculture development Requires a framework with high- level poli4cal backing e.g. AUC- NEPAD Agriculture Climate Change AdaptaBon- MiBgaBon Framework Framework lays out principles, ac4ons, roles and financing recommenda4ons Ins4tu4onal & financial arrangement for mainstreaming principles, developing capaci4es & triggering ac4ons at na4onal level e.g. lead insbtubons Scale up of proven prac4ces (conservabon agriculture, agroforestry, intercropping, improved grazing & subsbtubon of livestock e.g. from cows to camels, land & watershed management) 17

18 Main constraints to mainstreaming Click to edit Master /tle style climate smartness and scaling up CSA Human and Ins4tu4onal Capacity Human resources Data and analytical tools e.g. Visioning the future agriculture under different scenarios at sub-national scales; early-warning Research and development Infrastructure Institutions for improving management of climate-related risks Financing interven4ons in Africa 18 Poli4cal will to create the necessary enabling environment / incen4ves

19 Pastoral Click to and edit Agro- pastoral Master /tle style Areas Morocco Estimated number of people involved in the Mali pastoral economy in Africa: Mauritania Senegal Guinea Burkina Faso Algeria Niger Chad Sudan >100,000,000 Nigeria Cameroun Libya Eritrea Ethiopia Uganda Kenya Djibouti Somalia Tanzania 19

20 Livestock Click to Sector edit Master in Africa /tle style Major contributor to incomes especially in arid and semi- arid areas (about 80% of the land). Employs about 50% of agricultural labour force Contributes about 10% of GDP Accounts for over 40% of agricultural GDP It is the largest anthropometric user of land 20 However, sector receives < 2% of na4onal budget alloca4on.

21 Click to edit Master /tle style Partnerships to address constraints 1. Partnerships for developing the necessary human and ins4tu4onal capacity: Competencies in relevant disciplines Data and analy4cal tools Research (science) and development infrastructure Managing climate- related risks 2. Partnerships for mobilisa4on of financing Public, private and public- private 3. Partnerships for improving the enabling environment for interven4ons to work 21

22 Partnerships Click to edit Master /tle style Characteris4cs 1. Combina4on of N- S; S- S; intra- region 2. Equitable (example of IntenseAfrica) 3. Assure interven4ons are coherent and coordinated avoid fragmenta4on 4. Cri4cal mass needed to effect change; large enough interven4ons over the long- term 5. Leverage poli4cal will (e.g. Brazil- Africa partnerships to be nego4ated at highest poli4cal level) 6. Leadership in Partnership most limi4ng factor! 22

23 Click to edit Master /tle style Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa Apex organisa4on responsible for coordina4ng agricultural research for development AR&D Strategic Priori4es ( ) AR&D Architecture comprises sub regional organisa4ons (ASARECA, CORAF/WECARD, CCARDESA, NASRO), educa4on, extension, farmers, agribusiness & civil society organisa4ons Technical arm of the African Union Commission on AR&D 23 Based in Accra, Ghana since 2002

24 Click to edit Master /tle style Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa Partnership Programmes 1. AFDA (Adapta4on for Future Demands in Agriculture) 2. SPEAR (Special Programme on Environment and Agricultural Research) 3. PAINT (Programme for Agriculture INTensifica4on in Africa) 4. ReMoCaSt (Regional Mobility for Capacity Strengthening in Agriculture) 5. AfriCAN (Africa feeding Africa a regional programme on increasing food and nutribonal security) 24

25 Innova4on Plarorm: Par4cipa4on and Gainful Interac4on Click to edit Master /tle style Farmers Govt Private Sector End users Innovation Systems Extension Transpoters Research 25

26 Click to edit Master /tle style Cri4cal gaps Tail piece Need to improve the ins4tu4onal framework for environmental impact assessment and implementa4on Transfer of knowledge and sharing of success stories how to share with communi4es and learn from their experience? More effec4ve and endogenous assessments of vulnerability and adapta4on, and need to retain experts Need to strengthen na4onal ins4tu4ons so they can develop and use mul4stakeholder and all inclusive policy and formula4on and implementa4on and informa4on for decision- making at appropriate scales 26

27 Click to Policy edit Master Processes /tle style Donors Policy Formula4on Cabinet Agenda Sesng Decision Making Parliament Civil Society Private Sector Monitoring and Evalua4on Policy Implementa4on Ministries 27

28 Click Concluding to edit Master Remarks /tle style Systems are changing need to understand how the system will change (foresight and visioning) and determine the outcomes we want Dearth of knowledge (not informa4on) about impact of Climate Change on agriculture, especially livestock sector in Africa. Don t give the fish teach to fish empowerment for resilience; inves4ng in the future! 28

29 Click Concluding to edit Master Remarks /tle style Ac4ng together (through) fit- for- purpose partnerships is central to achieving food and nutri4on security especially in this climate change era The base for building the necessary partnerships exists: the coordina4ng ins4tu4ons (e.g. FARA), good prac4ces, the will to partner Need to complement and collaborate with the Regional Coordina4ng Mechanisms of Africa ACPC, AUC Enough of the bla- bla, let s start the do- do 29

30 Thank you for the attention