BENEFIT-CASCAPE experiences with labour saving and women specific agricultural technologies

Transcription

1 BENEFIT-CASCAPE experiences with labour saving and women specific agricultural technologies Third forum of the Ethiopian Network for Gender Equality in Agriculture (ENGEA) March 17, 2017

2 Outline 1. Overview CASCAPE 2 (scope, goals, implementation modality) 2. Gender mainstreaming in CASCAPE 3. Gender analysis conducted by CASCAPE 4. Experiences with home-gardening (testing and scaling) 5. Experiences with enset processing (testing and scaling) 6. Experiences with row weed implement (testing)

3 Research and extension systems are effectively able to generate demand-driven best fit technologies & practices, to put in place conditions for uptake by farmers Scaling of agricultural best fit technologies 1a. Overview CASCAPE Best fit agricultural practices are developed and disseminated Methodology development Testing & validation of BFTs Enhance capacity of RARI s Prepare and disseminate BFTs Strengthening and establishment of platforms Soil characterization & mapping Enhanced capacity of Woredas to develop and implement agricultural development plans, including strategies for scaling Develop innovative scaling strategy TOT PED; pilot scaling Recommendation mapping Support the preparation of bottom-up Woreda development plans Backstopping and monitoring Improved nutrition through diversified agricultural production Capacity building to DA s & health extension workers Model home gardens in each cluster Strengthened enabling institutional environment for the agricultural sector Provide & share evidence through in-depth studies and project results Engage in evidence-based policy dialogues 3

4 1c. Scaling and high intensity AGP woredas

5 1b. Operational modality Operates in 10 intensity; 55 scaling Woredas of high potential AGP Woredas in 4 main regions Network of five Ethiopian Universities (5 clusters) BENEFIT partnership Research institutes, MoA, BoA and AGP

6 3a. Gender analysis methodology A study was carried out in the six participating university clusters in 2014 and Each cluster selected one commodity/practice in each year of study. In total 116 respondents (49% male and 51% female farmers participating in the CASCAPE project) were randomly selected and interviewed using semistructured questionnaires. Besides, a focus group discussion (FGDs) was conducted separately with women and men groups in each cluster for each commodity/practice. 6

7 3b. Cases Case Cluster Commodity Year number Case 1 Addis Ababa Vegetables 2014 Case 2 Bahir Dar Potato 2014 Case 3 Haramaya Potato 2014 Case 4 Hawassa Malt Barely 2014 Case 5 Jimma Soya bean 2014 Case 6 Mekelle Wheat 2014 Case 7 Addis Ababa Sheep fattening 2015 Case 8 Bahir Dar Maize minimum tillage 2015 Case 9 Haramaya Poultry 2015 Case 10 Hawassa Vegetables 2015 Case 11 Hawassa Poultry 2015 Case 12 Jimma Compost 2015 Case 13 Jimma Maize 2015 Case 14 Mekelle Papaya

8 3c. Example of task division (findings) Compost making activity analysis at Yaballa kebele (Jimma) Pit preparation Manure and residue collection Chopping and filling the pit Fetching and sprinking water Layering and transfering Stoking Transporting Applying the compost Women Men Children Generally, it looks like men are involved in labour intensive tasks such as pit preparation and stocking. However, these activities are accomplished at once, while fetching and sprinkling water over the compost need to be done frequently: to facilitate compost fermentation process, the buried compost needs up to 20 litres of water in three days. 8

9 3d. Example of time-burden (findings) 9

10 % 3e. Example of decision-making (findings) Decision making on income generated from vegetable production (Hawassa, 2015) 0 Husband only Wife only Joint 10

11 3f. Main findings gender analysis Women across all clusters are almost equally involved in most farm activities, except for oxen ploughing. Weeding, fertilizing and threshing are generally tasks where women play a dominant role. Women have a heavier work load and much less leisure and sleep time than men, particularly in the peak season (on average 17,6 hours per day). Most decisions on how to use resources and spend money were in the hands of men. Women have some to full control over decisions regarding poultry and home-garden products (mostly home consumed). 11

12 3g. Gender analysis informed our activities Study how to reduce the drudgery of weeding for women Looking into viable opportunities to introduce labour saving technologies A more thorough and quantitative assessment on the effect on labour of introducing new technologies ( integrated validation of technologies protocol and tool) Will be assessed in all validation trials Home-gardens: stress (even more) the importance of the household approach. Working with households on awareness raising about labour division and decision-making related to food production & consumption Increased participation of women in trials and trainings (up to average of 30%) 12

13 4. Experiences of nutrition activities for women in CASCAPE Mean DDS score across clusters Clusters Mean DDS (SD) N Infants Mothers Addis (1.0) 2.8 (0.9) Bahir Dar (1.3) 4.0 (1.1) Hawassa (0.9) 2.1 (0.7) Jimma (1.0) 3.0 (0.8) Mekelle (1.0) 3.3 (0.8) -91% of the mothers had a dietary diversity of less than 5-67% of children below 2 had a DDS score was below 4

14 The agri-nutrition pathways Fruits & Vegetab les Income Food, Health and Education expenditures Agricultu renutrition linkage Crops Livestock Pulses Poultry Produ ction Cooking Demonst rations Nutrition education Consumpt ion Product ive farm commu nities Apicultu re 14

15 0.5m 0.5m 1m path 0.5 m Sample home gardens in CASCAPE Carrot Head Cabbage Swiss chard Orange fleshed sweet potato Spinach Lettuce Quality Protein Maize 15

16 1 CASCAPE2 Core areas Testing and validation Major women specific activities Introduced manually operated row weeders The suitability and applicability of the implements were tested in 10 high intensity woredas results provide positive feedback that also indicated the areas for design improvement. Developed an integrated technology validation protocol which includes, among others, parameters on gender and nutrition. Establishment and strengthening of home gardens and document BPs 2 Scaling and capacity building 3 Enabling institutional environment Scaling of enset processing, soybean and home garden technologies Training need assessment, TOT to DAs, experts and health extension workers M & E, publication and communication of outputs National and regional level dialogues, stakeholder engagements and thematic platform strengthening and establishment 16

17 Challenges and lessons learned in vegetable gardening and row weeder Vegetable seed source Water access; the need for micro-irrigation schemes Processing of perishable products Knowledge gap in consumption of vegetables Knowledge gap in pesticide use and type Sharpness of the edge Width adjustments- reducing the width from 30cm to 25 cm in order not to cut the plant tillers on 30 cm rows edges The row weeder does not fit for the 20cm tef rows 17

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19 Thank you Experiences with labour saving technologies, home-gardens and weeding technologies Meseret, Hawassa University (CASCAPE SOUTH)