Ron Plain Beth Young Marcia Shannon John Lory Joe Zulovich

Transcription

1 Ron Plain Beth Young Marcia Shannon John Lory Joe Zulovich

2 Document improvements in: Sow Productivity/Cost of production (Ron Plain) Herd health (Beth Young) Herd feed efficiency (Marcia Shannon) Environmental impact (John Lory) Pork production systems (Joe Zulovich)

3 Million Pounds 0 Source: USDA NASS

4 Litters Source: USDA/NASS

5 Head Source: USDA/NASS

6 25 20 Head Source: USDA/NASS

7 Pounds Source: USDA/NASS

8 Pounds Source: USDA/NASS

9 $140 $120 $100 $80 $60 $40 $20 $0 Cost/cwt. Cost/cwt (2005 dollars) Source: Iowa State University

10 $160 $140 $120 $100 $80 $60 $40 $20 $0 Hog Price/cwt Hog Price/cwt (2005 dollars) Source: Iowa State University

11 $160 $140 Average $3.75/cwt net income from 1974 to 2008 $120 $100 $80 $60 $40 $20 $0 Cost/cwt Hog Price/cwt Source: Iowa State University

12 $80 $70 $60 $50 $40 $30 $20 $10 Operating Exp & Int Labor Real Estate DIRTI & Energy Breeding Stock Vet. Med Feed $ Source: Missouri Budgets

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14 U.S. Hog Postweaning Death Loss, Percent Source: Ron Plain, University of Missouri, 2010

15 Why? We re raising hogs indoors: Better thermal environmental control Protection from predators Improved health

16 Parasite 1940 s 1970 s 2000 s Why the decrease? Kidney worm 7894% of hogs 6880% of sows Rarely seen Less access to soil Lung worm 5570% of hogs 11% of farms Rarely seen Less access to earthworms

17 So what? Kidney worm infection: Reduces ADG by 2569% (Hale and Marti, 1983) Increases F:G by 324% (Hale and Marti, 1983) Estimated to cost industry $73 million/year due to organ condemnations (Stewart et al., 1964)

18 Between , the number of human cases of trichinellosis ranged from /year, including 57 deaths. Between , the number of human cases of trichinellosis ranged from 11 23/year, with no deaths. Source: Trichinella surveillance United States,

19 Among all human cases of trichinellosis where infection source was known between : 39% were associated with consuming pork products Of these: 41% associated with eating homeraised or directfromfarm purchased pork 18% associated with eating pork in a foreign country 5% associated with eating wild boar 36% associated with eating commercially purchased pork Source: Trichinella surveillance United States,

20 1940 s 1970 s 2000 s Why? 0.63% 0.13% 0.007% Less garbage feeding and less access to wildlife Farms where pigs had access to wildlife were 6.33 times more likely to be Trichinella positive than farms where pigs had no access to wildlife (Gamble et al., 1999) 0.34% of pigs housed in outdoor, antibioticfree systems tested positive for Trichinella compared to 0% of pigs housed in indoor systems (Gebreyes et al., 2008)

21 ~ 4000 babies are born with congenital toxoplasmosis each year in the USA estimated to cost $8.8 billion annually Year(s) Source of Sera % Positive Reference NHANES 22.5 Jones et al., NHANES 15.8 Jones et al., NHANES 10.8 Jones et al., 2007 This reduction in prevalence is likely to be partially due to a reduction in T. gondii cysts in meat through the efforts of meat producers (Jones et al., 2007)

22 Year(s) Source of Sera % Positive Reference National survey 42 Dubey et al., NAHMS 20 Dubey et al., NAHMS 15 Patton et al., NAHMS 6 Patton et al., 2000 Percent of producers using cats as a form of rodent control dropped from 87% in 1990 to 51% in 2000 (NAHMS, 2006) Sows housed outdoors at any time are 23 times more likely to be seropositive than sows always housed indoors (AssadiRad et al., 1995) Seroprevalence is significantly higher in outdoor, antibioticfree herds (7%) than in conventional, indoor herds (1%) (Gebreyes et al., 2008)

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24 Item Nursery GrowFinish 50 lbs 100 lbs 150 lbs 200 lbs 250 lbs Gestation Lactation NRC Current Industry

25 Item NRC Current Industry Nursery GrowFinish 50 lbs lbs lbs lbs lbs Gestation Lactation

26 Item NRC Current Industry Nursery GrowFinish 50 lbs lbs lbs lbs lbs Average (GF)

27 Item NRC Current Industry Nursery GrowFinish 50 lbs lbs lbs lbs lbs Average (GF)

28 Item, % NRC Current Industry Corn Soybean meal Tankage 12.0 Alfalfa meal 6.0 Linseed meal 6.0 Dicalium Phos Limestone Vit/TM Premix Phytase 0.05 Amino Acids 0.15

29 Discovery, synthesis and Requirements Energy Protein and AA (1950) Minerals and Vitamins (B12) Antimicrobial agents chlortetracycline 1949 Metabolic modifiers Feeding management Diets for earlyweaned pigs Feeding programs for gestating and lactating Instrumentation and technologies

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31 Era GrowFinish Weight Gain Feed DM Improvement (%) lbs/pig space/yr lbs/pig space/yr

32 Yield (bushels/acre) Since 1946: Corn yields increasing 1.6 bu/a/y Soybean yield increased 0.33 bu/a/y Corn Soybean Source: Based on State Agricultural Statistics

33 Era Improvement (%) Acres cropland per pig space lbs of pork produced per acre of crop land per year

34 Era Nitrogen Phosphorus Improvement (%) lbs/pig space/yr lbs/pig space/yr

35 Pig Spaces per Acre of P removal Based on corn

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37 Soil Quality Energy Energy Soil Quality Land Land Corn Soy Beans Other Ingr. Corn Soy Beans Other Ingr. Feed Labor Labor Feed Sow Housing System Sow Health Pig Health Sows Pigs Pork Weaned Pig Manure Housing System Manure Fert. CO 2 Methane Methane CO 2 Fert.

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43 These systems provide the potential to improve water quality but not much potential to improve feed efficiency.

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45 Soil Quality Energy Energy Soil Quality Land Land Corn Soy Beans Other Ingr. Corn Soy Beans Other Ingr. Feed Labor Labor Feed Sow Housing System Sow Health Pig Health Sows Pigs Pork Weaned Pig Manure Housing System Manure Fert. CO 2 Methane Methane CO 2 Fert.

46 Ron Plain Beth Young Marcia Shannon John Lory Joe Zulovich