Improving Water and Sanitation System in Sahel region

Transcription

1 Side Event at the 7th World Water Forum Solution for water challenges of non urban area with simple and low cost technologies (SE0089) 11:20 13:20, 15 April 2015, Teague Improving Water and Sanitation System in Sahel region Sustainable Agro Sanitation ti Model in Burkina Faso Naoyuki Funamizu, Hokkaido University

2 Today s Messages New business model is required for Sahel region Start from User s point of view Analyze their Value chain Include sanitation system in it Make a close link between een sanitation system and agriculture Agro-Sanitation

3 Burkina Faso GDP : 1.1 US$/day/Capita Improved sanitation (MDGs 2008): 11% (rural 6%, urban 33%). Under-five d mortality rate: 176 /1000 live birth (WHO, 2010). Generally, people defecate in toilet or open area, and urinate in shower space.

4 Six important components of Sanitation system User: Participation Policies, Institutions and Finance system and Information for Governance Maintenance and operation of the systemstem Human resources Technologies for Transporting and collecting water Treating water Finalizing waste from treatment plants

5 Identified problems of current sanitation model difficult to motivate individuals to participate Current model dl Problem of current model dl Public service: initiated by government or municipality High governance and economic background are required Target: Public health Environment This target is for public, not directly to users Expected benefit: decrease of mortality rate decrease of medical cost environmental conservation This is not direct benefit to users Lower priority for low incomes

6 If basic conditions are not met, What should we do? Our Project in Rural area Burkina Faso

7 Our approach (1) Analyze user s value chain (2) Include sanitation units into user s value chain motivate them to manage it by themselves (3) Design the linkage to agricultural activities create value from sanitation (4) Analyze market of vegetables maximize i and stabilize user s income (5) Estimate the income by sanitation units show direct merits to users (6) Make a financial plan realize and drive this model (7) Design sanitation units adapt technology to this business model

8 Current Value Flow Rainfall fll Money Synthetic Fertilizer Crop Field Main Food Work Vegetable Work Shallow Well (or reservoir) Vegetable Garden Money Money Work Detergent Deep Well bathing Kitchen urination defecation Money Ushijima et al. Water Policy, DOI: /wp

9 Include sanitation unit into their value chain Synthetic Fertilizer Technological support Machine Crop Field Rainfall fll Main Food Balance Work Vegetable Work Shallow Well (or reservoir) Vegetable Garden Detergent Work Repair Maintain Deep Well bathing Kitchen urination defecation Composting TOILET Urine &Gray water reuse Ushijima et al. Water Policy, DOI: /wp

10 Show the clear benefit to users s Recognize gray water and black water as a personal property Treat black and gray water to improve their value Use reclaimed black and gray water as an agricultural resources Recognize the Sanitation System as an agro-sanitation asset which provide income to users

11 Social Capitalist Sanitation business model Capital Facilitating organization (Private / Farmer s union/ etc.) Microfinance Capital Finance for initial investment Repayment in 3 5 yr period Rural households Local Factory Pay Agro Sanitation Asset (Compost toilet, grey water treatment system) Produc ct Maint tenance Technical support Marketing support Vegetable Production The system supports making value flow to maximize rural people s income Market Ushijima et al. Water Policy, DOI: /wp

12 Target customer is House wives, because: Each wife owns her own vegetable garden in order to obtain her income It is reasonable to design the system that wife owns and manages her own Agro-Sanitation Assets (Toilet, GW treatment, Urine storage) This system can motivate each wife to operate and manage the Agro-Sanitation Asset well.

13 Technologies House Low cost Ga Gray water Soil Composting Urine Treatment Toilet and reuse Compost Agricultural Use

14 Photo by Dr.Ito Photo by Dr.Ito Photo by Dr.Ito Photo by Dr.Ito

15 Urine and Gray water Gray water Photo by Dr.Hijikata Urine Shower space Photo by Dr.Hijikata Photo by Dr.Hijikata Photo by Dr.Hijikata

16 Gray water Irrigation Soil treatment Tank

17 Advantages of simultaneous use of Urine and Compost No Fertilizer Ui Urine only Urine and Compost

18 Income from feces, urine and gray water Possible Increased Value Increased Yields[g] Irrigation [FCFA] Area [m 2 ] U C+U U C+U Zucchini Okra Chili Pepper Egg plant Ziniare:23Euro/Capita/year Bobo: 33Euro/Capita/year

19 Today s Messages New business model is required for Sahel region Start from User s s point of view Analyze their Value chain Include sanitation ti system in it Make a close link between sanitation system and agriculture Agro-Sanitation We are looking for person or group who will establish the facilitating organization and social capitalists