deal with the climate issue? Focus on nutrients Anna Hagerberg of Agriculture

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1 How does the advisory service deal with the climate issue? Focus on nutrients Anna Hagerberg Swedish Board of Agriculture

2 Co-operation ope o project between: ee Swedish Board of Agriculture Federation of Swedish farmers County administrative boards 55 Advisory firms reaching about farmers/landowners with >25 animal units or >50 hectares The project is financed by Swedish Rural Development Program and Swedish environmental taxes Budget: 3-4 million Euro per year

3 Agriculture s Climate Challenges Current Focus in Greppa Adaptation To a changed climate Higher demands from society reduced emissions Meeting demand Climate labeled & Climate-Smart products Reduce fossile energy dependence Long-term sustainable production production og bio-energy More food eventually?

4 Distribution of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agriculture in Sweden 2007 Agriculture belongs to the non-trading sector that aims to reduce emissions by 40% by 2020 in Sweden. No objectives are set for agriculture yet. Methane from digestion Methane from manure storage Nitrous oxide from manure storage Nitrous oxide from land Energy usage CO2 flux from land Source: Berglund, M. et al Rapport 2010:3 Agrifood economics centre

5 Distribution of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agriculture in Sweden Impact in other countries -use of land -use of energy -emissions from industry -deforestation Methane Metan från from fodersmältning digestion Methane Metan från from gödsellager manure storage Nitrous Lustgas oxide från from gödsellager manure storage Nitrous Lustgas oxide från from markland Energy Energianvändning usage CO2 Koldioxidavgång flux from id land från mark Källa: Berglund, M. et al Rapport 2010:3 Agrifood economics centre

6 What is Greppa Näringen? Based on individual advice and on-farm education Voluntary participation Repeated farm visits Farm-specific measures are identified Follow-up on each farm Education for advicers and Courses for farmers on regional level

7 To meet government environmental objectives Zero Eutrophication Reduced climate impact Good-quality groundwater A non-toxic environment Thriving wetlands The objective is to Increase awareness and knowledge in order to change behaviour. and at the same time increase farm revenue Goal

8 Crop farm Dairy/cattle farm Hog farm 35 different advising modules ajusted to production sector 6-7 advisings during approx. 3 years Introduction with nutrient balance Follow up with nutrient balance. What measures have been carried out? Is there need for further advise?

9 Climate shall be a common thread in Greppas advising

10 Climate introduced in 2010 Since 2001: farm visits - made by 250 advisors to reduce losses and improve environmental sustainability december 2010 Climate Check was introduced 2011 until now about 350 climate check farm visits Now there are >40 climate advisors The majority of active Greppa advisors have taken part in some of Greppas climate related education days

11 Our task Inspire and motivate farmers to cost effective climate measures resource efficiency adjust production environmentally Sustainable Vision i for climate advising dii in Greppa We spread knowledge and inspiration about climate smart measures on the farm Our advising gives knowledge About how the agricultural sector can reduce climate impact in a cost efficient way

12 Climate Related Advisory Service in Greppa for diary and cattle Crop nutrient balance Climate Check Feeding advice Feeding strategy One day feeding control Roughage production Pasture strategy Barn environment Construction planning Stable environment and the external environment Soil compaction Energy Check Test of mineral manure spreader to smaller milk and meet Precision cultivation farms from 2012

13 Climate Check Time for adviser including preparing p time and analysis h (2-3 h in the farm) Preliminary climate advice Mapping climate gas emissions A guide to continued climate-related counseling in Greppa and regionally

14 Loss pathways in Agriculture Direct N 2 O Nitrous Oxide flux from land, stables and manure storage Methane CH 4 from digestion, stables And manure storage Carbon Dioxide CO 2 From energy usage and dland, in particular organogenic soils Emissions from production and use of purchased inputs such as feed, energy and mineral fertilizer etc.. which are not produced on the farm Indirect nitrous oxide emissions after leakeage of nitrate (NO 3 ) or ammonia losses (NH 4+ )

15 Calculation Tool used in Climate Check Simplyfied Carbon foot print on farm levell expressed in tons CO 2 e What big/small, what is relevant? Still nothing on the measures The calculations l are based on templates t The tool continues to develop

16 Example: Dairy farm 80 cows 80 ha arable land 20 ha natural pasture Short Production Facts Average product 9500 kg ECM per cow and year Feed Concentrate: Cereal and concentrate Roughage own production of good ley Recruitment percentage of heifers: 40% Bull calves are sold after weaning

17 Example conventionel farm with 80 dairy cows Total emissions GHG 780 ton CO 2 e Carbon dioxid Methane Nitrous oxide Carbon dioxide eqv Fertili Energy isers Concentrates And cereals Energy gasolin Nitrous oxide from land Indirect N2O NH4 and NO3 Fermentatition Manure storage/stable Emissions from production of incoming gods Emissions on the farm

18 How to reduce GHG losses coming to the farm? Choose incoming gods with smallest possible carbon footprint Concentrate Fertilizers Energy Minimize buying of protein concentrate maximize protein and energy in ley production on the farm Start cooperate with nearby farmers Avoid losses in the feed chain Avoid surplus feed eg.

19 Food for Thought.. A saved kg of nitrogen 7 reduces emissions more than 6 a saved liter of diesel kg fertilizer Climatedeclared prod. with best technique 1 liter diesel Every kg nitrogen plays a key role for climate Kg CO 2 equivalent nitrous oxide N 2 O Kg CO 2 equivalent carbon dioxide CO 2

20 How to reduce nitrous oxide losses Continue working with resource efficiency in the field Reduce liquid manure at fall Change cultivation process from fall to spring from early to late fall Delay termination of grassland Adapt nitrogen dose after crop need In field differences direct organic manure effect long-term organic manure effect move manure to fields in crop farms Balance between NPK and other micronutrients Avoid long term problems like compaction, flooding eg.

21 How to reduce methane losses per kilo product? Continue working with resource efficiency in recruitment and dairy production Use concentrate with lower carbon foot print Minimize feed waste Lower age at first calving Keep good animal health

22 How to reduce GHG losses in the long run? Don t forget the long term and the need for adaptation ti to climate change avoid soil compaction Look over drainage Take climate and energy into account when new investments are made Adjust buildings to coming needs To keep animals healthy To avoid losses in the stable Minimize losses from manure storing Will the water need be covered in the long run? Can the land be used in a different way? Use the manure for biogas production before spreading

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24 Want to learn more about Greppa Näringen? Visit it our website

25 Topics during farm visits 2011 Nutrient balance Fertilization Precision farming Soil structure Plant protection Ley production Climatechange Barn environment Feed Wetlands

26 Results

27 The inner green shading represents the proposed safe operating space for nine planetary systems. The red wedges represent an estimate of the current position for each variable. The boundaries in three systems (rate of biodiversity loss, climate change and human interference with the nitrogen cycle), have already been exceeded. We exceed the planet s limits A safe operating space for humanity Chemical pollution Not quantified yet Climate change From pre-industrial time to now Acidification of the oceans Atmospheric aerosol loading Not quantified yet Ozone destroying emissions to the atmosphere Nitrogen turnover Loss of species biological diversity Changed land use Global fresh water use Reference; Johan Rockström et al. Nature, 2009 Phosphorous h turnover

28 Goals for Climate Check Show Potential of Farm To reduce emissions of greenhouse gases To implement short and long term climate measures To contribute for other parts of society, nationally and globally ll to reduce their climate impact See the big picture!! Increase the strategic thinking

29 Climate check Klimatkollen shortly Farm Visits 2-3 h, follow-up calls from 0.5 to 1 h Introduction ti to climate - greenhouse gas emissions, i agriculture's role, General assessment of the farm's greenhouse gas emissions, Discussion of: big and small in terms of emissions on the farm possible climate measures and key action areas in the farm briefly about the farm's conditions for production and marketing of bioenergy what areas and activities that require more counseling Need for further climate-related advice in & outside of Greppa If necessary, revision of advice plan from a climate perspective