Oklahoma Wheat Variety Performance Tests

Transcription

1 Oklahoma Wheat Variety Performance Tests 2005 Production Technology July 2005 Vol. 17, No.10 Jeff Edwards Small Grains Extension Specialist Rick Kochenower Panhandle Area Agronomist Richard Austin Small Grains Research Technician Brett Carver Wheat Breeding and Genetics Robert Hunger Extension Plant Pathologist 2005 Wheat Crop Overview The wheat production season was marked by extremes in moisture availability and widespread, severe stripe rust infestation. Late-summer and early-fall rains provided ample moisture for wheat emergence and growth last fall. Adequate moisture, however, soon turned to water-logged conditions and fields that were not sown by mid-october were generally never planted. Growers that were able to plant wheat early in the season had plenty of forage available by November 1 and a favorable cattle market outlook (see OSU publication PT for fall-forage production comparisons among varieties). The energy required for cattle to maneuver through muddy, waterlogged fields, however, subtracted from feed conversion efficiency. As a whole, this resulted in poor cattle weight gains and very rough fields. First hollow stem occurred early in 2005, and most varieties reached first hollow stem by February 25 at the Stillwater research station and March 1 at the El Reno test site. This resulted in many wheat fields being grazed past the first hollow stem stage of growth and associated yield reductions likely occurred. This is not to say that dual-purpose wheat producers removing cattle prior to first hollow stem were immune to yield reductions associated with grazing. This was welldemonstrated by data from the El Reno and Marshall locations which include both grazed and non-grazed plots. Cattle were removed prior to first hollow stem at these locations, but significant yield losses still occurred in grazed plots. This was likely due to damage from cattle traffic on wet soil and poor conditions for re-growth once cattle were removed. While excess moisture made grazing difficult, it was certainly not a problem during grain fill, as most locations had little to no significant rainfall after flag leaf emergence. In fact some of our southern OK locations did not receive enough rainfall to move top-dress nitrogen into the soil. Fortunately cool temperatures were predominant during grain fill, thereby reducing evaporative demand and making better use of limited spring soil moisture. Overall, though, the wheat crop year was greatly limited by insufficient soil moisture.

2 Disease Even though rainfall after flag leaf emergence was limited, foliar disease pressure was heavy on susceptible and moderately susceptible varieties. This was especially true for stripe rust, which greatly reduced yield of the many Oklahoma wheat fields. Leaf rust was also insecticide and non-insecticide treated varieties in , so it is difficult to present but losses were generally not as great as those associated with stripe rust. Powdery mildew pressure was very heavy on susceptible varieties in 2005, and some growers opted for early fungicide applications to help protect yield. As a whole, foliar fungicide use in Oklahoma was much higher in 2005 than in previous years, and yield results from the Apache and Lahoma locations include fungicide treated and non-treated plots, which allows for direct assessment of the yield losses associated with foliar disease in For an in-depth description of foliar diseases and their symptoms visit the OSU Entomology and Plant Pathology extension web page. Insect pest problems Localized infestations of greenbugs and Hessian fly occurred in the fall of 2004 and some growers opted for chemical control. In addition wheat streak mosaic virus (a virus transmitted by the wheat curl mite) resulted in significant yield losses in some areas of northern and northwestern Oklahoma. The most widespread damage in , however, was associated with bird cherry-oat aphid infestations which resulted in transmission of the barley yellow dwarf virus. We did not have direct comparisons among quantify the yield losses that can be attributed to barley yellow dwarf virus. It is safe to say, however, that barley yellow dwarf virus did negatively impact yield in many Oklahoma wheat fields in Locations and production practices The variety trials were all conventionally tilled and planted with 50 lb/ac of in furrow. The producer practices for weed control, fertilization, and insect control were also applied to the variety trial on a location-bylocation basis. Variety trial trials were sown at 60 lb/ac with the exceptions of El Reno and Frederick, which were sown at 120 lb/ac. We were not immune to the problems associated with a wet fall, as conditions were never suitable for planting at our Kildare location. In addition, biotic and abiotic stresses resulted in extreme variability at our Lamont location, and it was not harvested. Special thanks are due Don Schieber and Kirby Farms (Kildare and Lamont, respectively) for their efforts and support of the OSU variety trials. We will try at these locations again next year and hope for more favorable environmental conditions. New varieties for Newly released varieties included in the trial this year include Okfield, OK Bullet, and Guymon. Okfield is an OSU-released herbicide-tolerant variety that shows promise

3 for producers looking to implement the Clearfield herbicide system. OK Bullet is an OSU-released variety that has good yield potential and excellent milling and baking characteristics. Finally, Guymon is an OSUreleased hard white winter wheat variety, that, as the name implies, is well-suited for production in the Panhandle Oklahoma. Several OSU candidate cultivars that have potential for release in the next year or two were included in the trials. These were included to evaluate their capability at sites not normally used as test locations in the OSU wheat breeding program. Characteristics of the experimental lines are available by selecting candidate cultivars on the web at Additional Information on the Web For information on disease resistance and other characteristics of all wheat varieties grown in Oklahoma, see the Wheat Variety Characteristic Chart under Variety Information on the web at Cooperation Acknowledged These data result from a cooperative effort among our many farmer cooperators, county extension agents, area agronomists, USDA- CSREES agreement # , and the New features for In previous years, fall forage data was collected and then the fields were either grazed or mowed to simulate grazing before harvesting grain. This year separate plots were sown for forage data collection, so all grazed trials were grazed according to farmer practice. Rather than include 2- and 3-year averages for test weight at each location, a summary figure has been added to show how varieties compare to the weighted 3-year average for all variety trial locations. This figure includes data from three years at 29 locations including over 4,826 individual plots. In an effort to ease comparisons among locations, a table with all yield data was compiled. In addition plant height data, lodging, and shatter losses are reported in a separate table, rather than with individual locations. Finally, to hasten delivery of yield trial information, protein analyses will be reported in a separate publication. Oklahoma State University, in compliance with Title VI and VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Executive Order as amended, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, and other federal laws and regulations, does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age, religion, disability, or status as a veteran in any of its policies, practices or procedures. This includes but is not limited to admissions, employment, financial aid, and educational services. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Robert Whitson Dean and Director, Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma. This publication is printed and issued by Oklahoma State University as authorized by the Dean of the Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources and has been prepared and distributed at no cost to the taxpayer. The information given herein is for educational purposes only. Reference to commercial products or trade names is made with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by the Cooperative Extension Service is implied. The pesticide information presented in this publication was current with federal and state regulations at the time of printing. The user is responsible for determining that the intended use is consistent with the label of the product being used. Use pesticides safely. Read and follow label directions. The information given herein is for educational purposes only. Reference to commercial products or trade names is made with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by the Cooperative Extension Service is implied.

4 Alva Apache Apache fungicide Balko 2005 Oklahoma Wheat Variety Trial Summary Buffalo Cherokee Elk City El Reno grazed El Reno non-grazed bu/ac AP502CL Avalanche (W) OK Bullet Custer Cutter Deliver Endurance Fannin Guymon (W) Ike Intrada (W) Jagalene Jagger Lakin (W) Ok Ok Okfield Overley Stanton Sturdy 2K TAM TAM Thunderbolt Trego (W) OK OK00508W OK OK OK93P OK Mean LSD (0.05) Frederick Gage Goodwell Irr. Goodwell Non-irr. Haskell Kingfisher Lahoma Lahoma fungicide Marshall grazed Marshall non-grazed Olustee

5 Intrada (W) Guymon (W) OK Bullet Jagalene Overley Thunderbolt Deliver Trego (W) Fannin Chisholm Stanton Cutter 2174 Ok102 Avalanche (W) Cossack Custer 2145 Coronado Ok101 Ike TAM 111 Jagger Endurance Sturdy 2K 2137 Lakin (W) 2158 TAM 110 Okfield Above AP 502CL TAM Year average test weight (lb/bu)of wheat varieties in the OSU variety testing program Average = 58.6 lb/bu

6 Cooperator: Wes Mallory Management: Grain only Soil type: Grant silt loam Soil test information: ph = 6.2, P = 60, K = 528 Planting date: Source Variety Year -----bu/ac Year lb/bu--- Kansas Overley Agripro Fannin Oklahoma Endurance Agripro AP502CL Agripro Cutter Kansas Trego (W) Kansas Jagger Kansas Oklahoma Ok Texas Sturdy 2K Agripro Jagalene Agripro Thunderbolt Oklahoma Ok Oklahoma Deliver Oklahoma OK Bullet Oklahoma Oklahoma Okfield Oklahoma Guymon (W) Kansas Oklahoma Custer Oklahoma Intrada (W) Experimentals OK93P656-2C OK00508W-4C OK Mean LSD (0.05) (W) = Hard white wheat variety Alva Variety Trial

7 Apache Variety Trial Cooperator: Paul Jackson Management: Grain only Soil type: Hollister silt loam Soil test information: ph=5.7, P=42, K=423 Planting date: Fungicide = 14 oz/ac on April 8, Year* 3-Year* Source Variety No fungicide Fungicide Fung. advantage No fungicide No fungicide No fungicide Fungicide Fung. advantage -----bu/ac---- Kansas Overley Oklahoma OK Bullet Kansas Jagger Agripro Cutter Oklahoma Endurance Agripro Fannin Agripro Jagalene Kansas Texas Sturdy 2K Oklahoma Ok Oklahoma Deliver Kansas Oklahoma Custer Agripro AP502CL Oklahoma Agripro Thunderbolt Oklahoma Okfield Oklahoma Ok Experimentals OK OK Mean LSD (0.05) * 2005 was the first year for the Apache fungicide trial, so there are no 2- or 3-year fungicide/no fungicide comparisons

8 Cooperator: Steve Frantz Management: Grain only Soil type: Ulysses-Richfield Complex Soil test information: ph=8.1, P=32, K=836 Planting date: Source Variety Year bu/ac---- Texas TAM Oklahoma OK Bullet Kansas Overley Kansas Jagger Agripro Jagalene Agripro Cutter Oklahoma Okfield Agripro Fannin Oklahoma Deliver Agripro Thunderbolt Kansas Stanton Oklahoma Endurance Pioneer Kansas Trego (W) Kansas Oklahoma Guymon (W) Oklahoma Intrada (W) Kansas Ike Oklahoma Oklahoma Custer Texas TAM Oklahoma Ok Oklahoma Ok Agripro AP502CL Kansas Colorado Avalanche (W) Texas Sturdy 2K Kansas Lakin (W) Experimentals OK00508W OK Mean LSD (0.05) (W) = Hard white wheat variety Balko Variety Trial

9 Buffalo Variety Trial Cooperator: NRCS Management: Grain only Soil type: St. Paul silt loam Soil test information: ph=7.4, P=41, K=554 Planting date: * Source Variety Year -----bu/ac Year Oklahoma Deliver Agripro Cutter Agripro Fannin Oklahoma Ok Oklahoma Endurance Agripro Jagalene Kansas Jagger Agripro Thunderbolt Kansas Overley Oklahoma Oklahoma Ok Kansas Agripro AP502CL Kansas Texas Sturdy 2K Oklahoma Custer Mean LSD (0.05) *Harvest was delayed by rain, which lowered test weights of all varieties

10 Cherokee Variety Trial Cooperator: Kenneth Failes Management: Dual purpose Soil type: Dale silt loam Soil test information: ph=5.9, P=59, K=659 Planting date: Source Variety Year -----bu/ac Year Kansas Jagger Agripro Cutter Oklahoma Endurance Kansas Overley Oklahoma OK Bullet Agripro Jagalene Agripro Thunderbolt Agripro AP502CL Agripro Fannin Texas Sturdy 2K Kansas Oklahoma Custer Oklahoma Ok Oklahoma Kansas Oklahoma Ok Oklahoma Okfield Oklahoma Deliver Experimentals OK OK OK Mean LSD (0.05)

11 Elk City Variety Trial Cooperator: Carl Simon Management: Dual purpose Soil type: Grandfield sandy loam Soil test information: ph=5.5, P=40, K=355 Planting date: Source Variety Year -----bu/ac Year Oklahoma OK Bullet Agripro Cutter Agripro Fannin Kansas Jagger Kansas Overley Agripro Jagalene Oklahoma Deliver Texas Sturdy 2K Oklahoma Endurance Agripro Thunderbolt Oklahoma Okfield Kansas Oklahoma Ok Agripro AP502CL Oklahoma Custer Kansas Oklahoma Oklahoma Ok Experimentals OK OK OK00508W OK OK Mean LSD (0.05)

12 Cooperator: Bornemann Farms Soil type: Pond creek silt loam Planting date: El Reno Variety Trial Management: Grain only and Dual purpose Soil test information: Nongrazed Non- Source Variety Grazed Difference Grazed grazed Difference -----bu/ac---- Oklahoma OK Bullet Oklahoma Endurance Oklahoma Deliver Agripro AP502CL Kansas Overley Texas Sturdy 2K Agripro Cutter Kansas Jagger Oklahoma Ok Agripro Thunderbolt Oklahoma Okfield Oklahoma Agripro Jagalene Agripro Fannin Kansas Oklahoma Custer Oklahoma Ok Kansas Experimentals OK OK OK93P OK Mean LSD (0.05) 7 1

13 Frederick Variety Trial* Cooperator: Buddy Treadwell Management: Dual purpose Soil type: Hollister silt loam Soil test information: ph=7.9, P=73, K=739 Planting date: Source Variety Year -----bu/ac Year Oklahoma Ok Oklahoma Oklahoma Ok Agripro AP502CL Agripro Thunderbolt Agripro Jagalene Oklahoma Okfield Oklahoma Endurance Oklahoma Custer Oklahoma OK Bullet Oklahoma Deliver Kansas Overley Kansas Jagger Kansas Agripro Cutter Agripro Fannin Kansas Texas Sturdy 2K Mean LSD (0.05) N.S. * All plots had greater than 75% lodging and 20% shatter losses. However, no differences among varieties were observed.

14 Gage Variety Trial Cooperator: Curtis Torrance Management: Grain only* Soil type: St. Paul silt loam Soil test information: ph=7.2, P=228, K=699 Planting date: Source Variety Year* -----bu/ac Year* Kansas Overley Agripro Cutter Texas TAM Agripro Jagalene Oklahoma Endurance Oklahoma OK Bullet Kansas Jagger Kansas Agripro Fannin Texas Sturdy 2K Oklahoma Deliver Oklahoma Guymon (W) Kansas Oklahoma Okfield Texas TAM Agripro Thunderbolt Oklahoma Ok Oklahoma Custer Agripro AP502CL Oklahoma Oklahoma Ok Experimentals OK OK00508W OK Mean LSD (0.05) * Plots were grazed in the and crop years

15 Cooperator: Oklahoma Panhandle Research and Extension Center Management: Grain only Soil type: Richfield clay loam Soil test information: ph=7.8, P=41, K=1023 Planting date: Source Variety Year bu/ac---- Kansas Jagger Texas TAM Kansas Overley Oklahoma OK Bullet Agripro Cutter Agripro Fannin Agripro Jagalene Oklahoma Deliver Kansas Oklahoma Ok Oklahoma Endurance Agripro Thunderbolt Texas Sturdy 2K Oklahoma Intrada (W) Pioneer Oklahoma Okfield Texas TAM Oklahoma Guymon (W) Colorado Avalanche (W) Agripro AP502CL Kansas Ike Oklahoma Custer Oklahoma Ok Kansas Oklahoma Kansas Lakin (W) Kansas Trego (W) Kansas Stanton Experimentals OK OK00508W Mean LSD (0.05) (W) = Hard white wheat variety Goodwell Irrigated Variety Trial

16 Cooperator: Oklahoma Panhandle Research and Extension Center Management: Grain only Soil type: Richfield clay loam Soil test information: ph=7.9, P=57, K=1126 Planting date: Source Variety bu/ac---- Kansas Jagger Texas TAM Texas TAM Kansas Overley Colorado Avalanche (W) Pioneer Agripro Cutter Kansas Ike Oklahoma Deliver Oklahoma Ok Oklahoma OK Bullet Oklahoma Endurance Agripro Fannin Agripro AP502CL Oklahoma Intrada (W) Agripro Jagalene Agripro Thunderbolt Oklahoma Custer Oklahoma Okfield Oklahoma Guymon (W) Texas Sturdy 2K Oklahoma Kansas Stanton Kansas Kansas Trego (W) Kansas Oklahoma Ok Kansas Lakin (W) Experimentals OK00508W OK Mean LSD (0.05) 10 1 (W) = Hard white wheat variety Goodwell Nonirrigated Variety Trial

17 Haskell Variety Trial Cooperator: Eastern Research Station Management: Grain only Soil type: Taloka silt loam Soil test information: ph=6.3, P=70, K=270 Planting date: Source Variety Year 3-Year bu/ac---- Kansas Agripro Fannin Oklahoma Endurance Agripro Jagalene Oklahoma Agripro Cutter Agripro Thunderbolt Agripro AP502CL Kansas Oklahoma Ok Texas Sturdy 2K Oklahoma Custer Oklahoma Ok Oklahoma Deliver Kansas Jagger* Kansas Overley* Mean LSD (0.05) *Overley and Jagger sustained significant bird damage (greater than 50%) prior to harvest in 2004 and 2005 Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service publicaiton PT

18 Kingfisher Variety Trial Cooperator: Rodney Mueggenborg Management: Grain only Soil type: Renfro clay loam Soil test information: ph=6.1, P=38, K=464 Planting date: Source Variety Year -----bu/ac Year Kansas Jagger Agripro AP502CL Oklahoma Endurance Agripro Cutter Kansas Overley Agripro Jagalene Agripro Fannin Agripro Thunderbolt Texas Sturdy 2K Oklahoma Ok Kansas Kansas Oklahoma Deliver Oklahoma Oklahoma Ok Oklahoma Custer Mean LSD (0.05)

19 Lahoma Variety Trial Cooperator: North Central Research Station Management: Grain only Soil type: Pond creek silt loam Soil test information: ph=6.3, P=23, K=294 Planting date: Fungicide = 10 oz/ac on April 4, Year 3-Year Source Variety No fung. Fung. Yield inc. No fung. Fung. Yield inc. No fung. Fung. Yield inc. No fung. Fung. TW inc bu/ac Kansas Overley Agripro Jagalene Agripro Fannin Kansas Jagger Oklahoma Endurance Oklahoma Deliver Agripro Cutter Kansas Texas Sturdy 2K Agripro Thunderbolt Oklahoma Ok Oklahoma Ok Oklahoma Agripro AP502CL Kansas Oklahoma Custer Mean LSD (same variety + or - fung.) LSD (any two varieties )

20 Cooperator: Henry Fuxa Management: Grain only and Dual purpose Soil type: Kirkland silt loam Soil test information: ph=5.1, P=45, K=269 Planting date: Dual purpose = ; Grain only = Year 3-Year Source Variety Grazed Nongrazed Diff. Grazed Nongrazed Diff. Grazed Nongrazed Diff. Grazed Nongrazed Diff bu/ac Oklahoma Ok Agripro Jagalene Oklahoma Okfield Oklahoma Deliver Oklahoma OK Bullet Texas Sturdy 2K Kansas Kansas Overley Oklahoma Custer Agripro Cutter Agripro AP502CL Kansas Oklahoma Agripro Thunderbolt Oklahoma Endurance Oklahoma Ok Kansas Jagger Agripro Fannin Experimentals OK93P OK Mean LSD for any two means within the same year Marshall Variety Trial

21 Olustee Variety Trial Cooperator: Larry Bassel Management: Grain only Soil type: Foard silt loam Soil test information: ph = 6.1, P = 56, K = 1007 Planting date: Source Variety Year 3-Year bu/ac---- Agripro Jagalene Kansas Overley Kansas Jagger Oklahoma Endurance Agripro Cutter Agripro Thunderbolt Agripro AP502CL Oklahoma Ok Oklahoma Deliver Kansas Agripro Fannin Texas Sturdy 2K Kansas Oklahoma Custer Oklahoma Oklahoma Ok Mean LSD (0.05)

22 Guymon White Wheat Dual-Purpose Variety Trial Cooperator: Joe Webb Management: Dual purpose Planting date: Source Variety bu/ac---- Agripro Platte (W) Oklahoma Guymon (W) Kansas Trego (W) Colorado Avalanche (W) Kansas Lakin (W) Oklahoma Intrada (W) Experimentals OK98G508W OK98G508W OK02518W OK02522W OK98G508W OK98G508W OK02507W OK99504W Mean LSD (0.05) 8 5

23 Plant height, lodging score, shattering score, and heading date for selected variety trials in Oklahoma in 2005 Plant Height Lodging Shattering Heading date Alva Goowell NI Goodwell IR Kingfisher Lahoma Buffalo Goodwell IR inches 0-10 scale* 0-10 scale** /19 4/22 4/18 4/ /20 4/21 4/18 4/ /19 4/21 4/18 4/18 AP502CL /15 4/18 4/16 4/12 Avalanche (W) /18 OK Bullet /19-4/18 4/16 Custer /16 4/20 4/17 4/16 Cutter /19 4/21 4/19 4/16 Deliver /19 4/21 4/18 4/16 Endurance /18 4/21 4/18 4/18 Fannin /18 4/20 4/17 4/13 Guymon (W) /18 Ike /19 Intrada (W) /14 Jagalene /20 4/21 4/18 4/16 Jagger /18 4/20 4/17 4/14 Lakin (W) /17 Ok /17 4/20 4/17 4/16 Ok /19 4/21 4/18 4/18 Okfield /20-4/19 4/21 Overley /18 4/18 4/15 4/11 Stanton /21 Sturdy 2K /19 4/21 4/18 4/18 TAM /17 TAM /18 Thunderbolt /21 4/22 4/20 4/16 Trego (W) /18 Goodwell NI Haskell Olulstee El Reno Lahoma Marshall GO Stillwater OK /19 OK00508W /18 OK93P /20-4/18 4/18 * Scale of 0-10 with 0 representing no lodging and 10 representing 100% lodging * *Scale of 0-10 with 0 representing no shatter losses and 10 representing severe shatter losses