Facts About Texas Agriculture

Transcription

1 Facts About Texas Agriculture Caroline Gleaton Administrative Associate III John Robinson Professor and Extension Economist-Cotton Marketing Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service Department of Agricultural Economics The Texas A&M University System College Station, Texas August 2018

2 Facts About Texas Agriculture Caroline Gleaton Administrative Associate III John Robinson Professor and Extension Economist-Cotton Marketing Agriculture and Natural Resources Family and Consumer Sciences 4-H and Youth Development Community Development Extension programs serve people of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating A member of The Texas University System and its statewide Agriculture Program

3 Agriculture Agriculture is an important economic sector in Texas and the United States. Many businesses, financial institutions and individuals are involved in providing supplies, credit and services to farmers and ranchers in processing and marketing commodities. With increasing demand for food and fiber worldwide, and because of the importance of agricultural exports to the U.S. trade balance, agriculture is destined to play an even greater role in the future. Texas ranked fourth during 2016, behind California, Iowa, and Nebraska among states in cash receipts. A large area of productive soils and excellent export and transportation facilities favor farming and ranching operations in the state. Texas ranks first in sales of cattle and calves, sheep and wool, goats and mohair, and cotton; and in the value of farm real estate, number of farms and ranches, and amount of farm and ranch land. The number of farms in Texas has decreased from 506,000 in 1931 to 240,000 in 2017, with an average farm size of 540 acres. In 2017, farms with sales of less than $10,000 gross value totaled 149,000, or 62 percent of all Texas farm operations, but used only 12 percent of the land. Operations that had $10,000 to $99,999 in sales totaled 70,200 farms or 29 percent of the group, and 32 percent of acreage. Farms with sales of $100,000 to $249,999 totaled 9,000, used 16 percent of land, and accounted for 4 percent of farms. The operations with $250,000 and over in sales totaled 11,800, or 5 percent of farms, and included 40 percent of land. The Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service and The Texas A&M AgriLife Research, agencies of The Texas A&M University System, support the State=s agricultural industry through education and research.

4 The Changing Face of Texas and U.S. Agriculture Agriculture in Texas Today $ Agriculture is big business in Texas -- the estimated value of 2017 agricultural production and related items totaled $26.14 billion, $23.55 billion in 2016, and $23.97 billion in $ Demographics Changes revealed in the U.S. by the 2012 Census of Agriculture data compared to the 2007 Census Farms with 2,000 acres or more increased 2 percent to 82,207 farms. Average farm size increased 16 acres to 434 acres. Total number of U.S. farms decreased to 2.1 million; this is a decrease of about 95,489 farms since Over 50 percent of farms have less than $10,000 in sales. Average age of operator in 2012 was 58.3 whereas in 2007 was 57.1 Number of farmers whose principal occupation was farming increased 1.4 percent to 1,007,904. The number of family or individual farms decreased 0.4 percent to 1,828,946; partnership farms decreased 26.3 percent to 137,987; corporations increased 10 percent to 106,716; and other farm type increased 21 percent to 35,654. Families or individuals operate 86.7 percent of operations; 6.6 percent are partnerships; 5.1 percent corporations; and other, 1.7 percent. Acres of land in farms decreased 0.8 percent. Changes in Texas agriculture revealed by the 2012 Census of Agriculture data compared to the 2007 Census Growth to large farms in Texas has slowed. Texas farms with 2,000 acres or more increased 494 acres to 10,810 in The number of 1 to 9 acre farms decreased by from 21,024 to 20,825. The number of 10 to 49 acre farms increased 72,837 to 72,856, and the 50 to 2,000 acre farms increased slightly. Land in farms decreased by 245,315 acres to 130,153,438. Average farm size decreased from 527 to 523 acres. Number of farmers whose principal occupation was farming increased 6 percent to 104,769. ii

5 Total number of farms increased from 247,437 to 248,809. The number of family or individual farms increased 2 percent to 222,580; partnership farms decreased 24 percent to 16,660; corporations increased 16.8 percent to 6,859; and other farm type decreased 8.8 percent to 2,710. Individuals and families owned 89.5 percent of farms and ranches; partnerships, 6.7 percent; corporations, 2.8 percent; and others, 1.1 percent. Drought -- droughts in 1996, 1998, 2000, 2006, 2009, and have taken more than $38.5 billion from the Texas economy. Farm and ranch production losses during the same years totaled about $21.62 billion. iii

6 Title TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. Texas General Overview Agriculture Fundamentally Different... 1 State Ranking by Cash Receipts, (Table)... 2 Cash Receipts by State Ranking for all Commodities, 2014, 2015, 2016 (Table)... 3 Net Farm Income by State Rank, 2014, 2015, 2016 (Table)... 4 State Ranking by Net Farm Income, 2014, 2015, 2016 (Table)... 5 Leading States in Value of Farm Real Estate and Buildings, 2018 (Table)... 6 Texas and United States Number of Farms, (Table), (Chart) Texas Overview Area of Texas... 9 Texas Land Area Texas Ranks First Texas Gross and Net Farm Income, (Table), (Chart) Texas Agricultural Cash Receipts by Selected Commodity Groups, (Table) Percentage of Total Cash Receipts for Texas Commodity Groups, 2016 (Chart) Texas Agricultural Cash Receipts, by Commodity Groups and Selected Commodities, (Table) Texas Agricultural Cash Receipts by Commodities, (Chart) Texas Cash Receipts, Commodity Rankings and Share of U.S. Total, 2016 (Table and Chart) Texas= Export Share of Agricultural Commodities, (Table) Crops Texas Marketing Year Average Prices Received by Farmers, Crops, (Table) Texas Marketing Year Average Prices Received by Farmers, Crops, (Charts) Value of Total Upland Cotton and Cottonseed, (Table) Production and Value of Texas Upland Cotton, (Chart) Production and Value of Texas Upland Cottonseed, (Chart) Cotton: States= Ranking for Cash Receipts, 2016 (Table and Chart) Livestock Texas Livestock Numbers and Values, (Table) Texas All Cattle Inventory and Value, (Table), (Chart) Texas Sheep and Wool Production, (Table) Texas Sheep Number and Farm Value, (Chart) Texas Wool Production and Value, (Chart) Texas Goats and Mohair, (Table) Texas Goat Number and Farm Value, (Chart) Texas Angora Goat Number and Farm Value, (Chart) Texas Mohair Production and Value, (Chart) Texas Hog Production, (Table) Hog Production and Gross Income in Texas, (Chart) Farms Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size in Texas (Table) Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size in Texas, (Chart) Texas: Number of Farms and Land in Farms by Economic Sales Class, (Table) Number of Farms and Land in Farms by Farm Sales Categories in Texas, 2017 (Chart) Texas Average Farm Real Estate Value, Dollars Per Acres, (Chart) Texas Average Cropland Value, Dollars Per Acre, (Chart) Texas Average Pasture Value, Dollars Per Acre, (Chart) Farm Expenditures Texas Farm Production Expenditures By Input Items, Expense, Percent of Total Texas, 2017 (Chart) Texas Fuel Production Expenditures, Total and Average Per Farm, (Chart) Texas Total Fuel and Oil Farm Expenditures, (Chart)... 53

7 TEXAS GENERAL OVERVIEW Cooperative oil association plant and delivery truck, Umatilla county, Oregon, 1934

8 AGRICULTURE FUNDAMENTALLY DIFFERENT Tied to nature, biological, renewable Demand changes more slowly than supplies Many producers competing Farmers are generally price takers

9 State Ranking by Cash Receipts 2014, 2015, 2016 (Billion $) State 2014 State 2015 State California California California Iowa Iowa Iowa Texas Texas Nebraska Nebraska Nebraska Texas Illinois Minnesota Minnesota *Government payments and ag-related activities not included.

10 Cash Receipts by State Ranking for all Commodities, Nominal (current dollars) Rank* State $1,000 United States 424,216, ,000, ,405,203 1 California 56,632,734 49,101,540 46,041,467 2 Iowa 30,613,987 27,013,869 26,840,363 3 Nebraska 24,561,796 22,979,723 21,558,070 4 Texas 24,583,841 23,491,477 20,878,502 5 Minnesota 19,429,200 16,290,688 17,054,673 6 Illinois 19,572,168 15,665,459 16,258,840 7 Kansas 16,639,287 15,553,297 15,471,947 8 Wisconsin 12,755,933 11,290,089 10,767,618 9 North Carolina 12,947,415 11,647,747 10,576, Indiana 12,977,391 11,010,067 10,049, Washington 10,129,758 10,041,917 9,918, South Dakota 10,816,198 9,186,655 9,339, Missouri 10,965,874 9,701,003 8,914, Georgia 9,946,883 9,088,227 8,433, Ohio 10,031,050 9,208,699 8,348, Arkansas 10,223,020 8,845,349 8,214, North Dakota 8,677,655 7,091,018 8,177, Florida 8,528,494 8,390,571 7,745, Michigan 8,556,632 7,838,072 7,401, Idaho 8,749,545 7,376,396 7,127, Pennsylvania 8,228,224 7,398,906 6,406, Oklahoma 7,545,782 7,050,706 6,189, Colorado 7,596,104 7,317,559 6,168, Kentucky 6,495,056 5,796,726 5,440, Mississippi 6,577,887 5,384,616 5,206, New York 6,378,548 5,333,933 5,052, Alabama 6,428,243 5,553,970 4,953, Oregon 5,220,672 4,947,351 4,593, Arizona 4,398,614 4,191,784 4,155, Montana 4,608,059 3,757,567 3,673, Virginia 4,161,655 3,731,084 3,338, Tennessee 4,255,000 3,656,835 3,296, New Mexico 3,652,228 3,061,223 2,861, Louisiana 3,905,681 3,296,898 2,823, South Carolina 2,662,785 2,422,672 2,120, Maryland 2,435,443 2,223,432 2,102, Utah 2,378,514 1,973,592 1,657, Wyoming 1,834,495 1,608,937 1,392, Delaware 1,484,460 1,289,854 1,209, New Jersey 1,031,789 1,087,765 1,025, Vermont 990, , , West Virginia 832, , , Maine 789, , , Hawaii 698, , , Nevada 914, , , Connecticut 575, , , Massachusetts 430, , , New Hampshire 255, , , Rhode Island 77,175 81,981 72, Alaska 34,973 34,240 34,875 *Ranked based on 2016 USDA/ERS Farm Income and Wealth Statistics

11 Net Farm Income by State Rank, 2014, 2015, 2016 Nominal (current dollars) Rank* State $1,000 1 California 18,194,766 16,726,687 13,892,752 2 Nebraska 5,813,353 4,776,604 3,839,770 3 Texas 4,205,485 6,371,480 3,382,903 4 Washington 1,957,025 3,275,752 2,772,246 5 Iowa 5,223,170 5,052,294 2,556,342 6 North Carolina 3,854,081 2,908,382 2,456,716 7 Illinois 2,756, ,707 2,282,860 8 Kansas 2,486,276 1,726,557 2,229,930 9 Florida 2,167,491 3,017,836 2,064, Georgia 2,319,731 2,463,279 1,818, Wisconsin 2,758,405 2,691,685 1,677, Idaho 1,984,735 1,815,551 1,633, Missouri 3,464,632 1,305,687 1,524, Indiana 2,827,250 1,204,962 1,449, South Dakota 2,127,115 1,962,384 1,372, Arizona 765,865 1,149,083 1,338, Minnesota 3,272,344 3,192,177 1,260, Oklahoma 2,749,494 2,071,926 1,212, Colorado 1,139,494 1,491,501 1,098, Kentucky 1,745,004 1,658, , North Dakota 324, , , Alabama 1,737,861 1,587, , Arkansas 2,117,321 1,255, , Oregon 762,390 1,199, , New Mexico 1,128, , , Mississippi 1,539, , , Montana 675, , , Pennsylvania 2,653,278 1,891, , New York 1,688, , , Louisiana 856, , , Ohio 1,722,259 1,174, , Maryland 621, , , Delaware 582, , , Utah 549, , , Virginia 759, , , Tennessee 688, , , New Jersey 171, , , Vermont 320, , , Wyoming 315, , , South Carolina 236,369 93, , Maine 154, ,600 91, Michigan 664, ,100 42, Hawaii 51, ,164 36, West Virginia 55,023 75,126 17, Nevada 178, ,726 16, Rhode Island 11,725 28,564 9, New Hampshire 43,887 67, Alaska -10,366-6,288-4, Connecticut 43, ,392-4, Massachusetts -23,798 2,426-68,615 * Ranking based on 2016 numbers Source: USDA/ERS Farm Income and Wealth Statistics

12 State Ranking by Net Farm Income 2014, 2015, 2016 (Billion $) State 2014 State 2015 State California California California Nebraska Texas Nebraska Iowa Iowa Texas Texas Nebraska Washington N. Carolina Washington Iowa Missouri Minnesota N. Carolina Minnesota Florida Illinois Indiana N. Carolina Kansas 2.23

13 Leading States in Value of Farmland and Buildings, 2018 State 1. Texas 2. Iowa 3. California 4. Illinois 5. Nebraska 6. Minnesota 7. Indiana 8. Missouri 9. S. Dakota 10. Kansas Million Dollars 271, , , , , , ,900 95,475 94,394 84,915 As of August

14 Texas and United States Number of Farms, (1,000) Texas U.S. Year Farms Year Farms Year Farms Year Farms Year Farms Year Farms , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,085 Source: TDA/USDA, " Texas Historical Crops Statistics", compiled by Texas Agricultural Statistics Service, August 1991, USDA; "Texas Ag Facts", USDA/TASS; "Farm Numbers and Land in Farms", USDA/NASS, various years.

15 Texas and U.S. Number of Farms, Thousands (U.S.) Thousands (Texas) U.S. Texas 240,000 Texas Farms 2,048,000 U.S. Farms

16 TEXAS OVERVIEW Storm cellar on the Texas plains, West Texas panhandle, June 1937

17 AREA OF TEXAS Texas is as large as New England, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Illinois (268,601 square miles) 7.4% of water and land area of U.S. Land: 261,232 square miles (2 nd in the U.S.) Water: 7,364 square miles 801 miles length (the longest straight-line distance defined as the northwest corner of the Panhandle to the extreme southern tip of Texas on the Rio Grande below Brownsville) 773 miles width (greatest east-west distance defined as the extreme eastward bend in the Sabine river in Newton County to the extreme western bulge of the Rio Grande just above El Paso) 2017 Number of Farms: 240,000

18 TEXAS LAND AREA (million acres) Total Land Farms and Ranches Pastureland 90.3 Cropland 29.1 % Irrigated Census of Agriculture State Data

19 TEXAS RANKS FIRST Sales of cattle and calves Sheep and wool Goats and mohair Upland cotton, cottonseed and products Sorghum grain Farm and ranch land Farms and ranches

20 Texas Gross and Net Farm Income Cash Gross Farm Net Farm Date Receipts Income 1/ Income Billion $ / / Gross farm income consists of cash and noncash items. Cash items includes the gross receipts from farm marketings, Government payments, and farm-related income. Noncash items include the value of home consumption, rental value of farm dwellings and the value of inventory adjustment. 2/ Estimated NOTE: Net income represents returns to owned equity and land, family labor, management and risk. SOURCES: Texas Agricultural Statistics, 2009, and USDA/ERS.

21 Billion $ Texas Gross, Cash Receipts, and Net Farm Income, Gross * Cash Receipts Net * Gross includes government payments and non-farm income, does not include ag-related income. Note: Net income represents returns to owned equity and land, family labor, management and risk. Source: ERS/USDA and TASS, 2016 estimated.

22 Texas Agricultural Cash Receipts by Selected Commodity Groups, E Nominal (current dollars) Texas as % of All Commodities $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 % All commodities 22,420,540 22,309,358 24,583,841 23,491,477 20,878, Animals and products 14,587,322 15,377,060 16,950,166 16,674,279 13,154, Meat animals 10,170,348 10,334,495 11,183,779 11,680,410 8,661, Cattle and calves 9,884,326 10,097,183 10,938,332 11,459,962 8,470, Hogs 286, , , , , Dairy products, Milk 1,789,964 1,955,544 2,529,372 1,818,675 1,848, Poultry and eggs 2,265,666 2,716,006 2,851,685 2,828,041 2,266, Broilers 1,747,550 2,184,957 2,261,860 2,030,358 1,835, Miscellaneous animals and products 361, , , , , Crops 7,833,217 6,932,298 7,633,675 6,817,197 7,723, Food grains 807, , , , , Rice 182, , , , , Wheat 623, , , , , Feed crops 2,457,547 2,072,211 2,374,706 2,026,948 2,150, Corn 1,477,859 1,170,787 1,308,204 1,067,346 1,177, Cotton 2,019,734 1,615,716 2,076,186 1,710,731 2,564, Oil crops 208, , , , , Vegetables and melons 417, , , , , Fruits and nuts 159, , , , , All other crops 1,761,861 1,812,696 1,796,827 1,769,165 1,841, USDA/ERS Farm Income and Wealth Statistics

23 Percentage of Total Cash Receipts for Texas Commodity Groups, 2016 Cotton 12.3% Oil Crops 0.8% Other Crops 8.8% Misc. Livestock* 1.8% Vegetables & Melons 1.8% Feed Crops 10.3% Food Grains 2.1% Meat Animals 41.5% Poultry & Eggs 10.9% Source: ERS/USDA Numbers may not add due to rounding Dairy Products, Milk 8.9% Fruits & Nuts 1.0% Total = $20.88 billion

24 Cash Receipts by Commodity Groups and Selected Commodities, Nominal (current dollars) Texas $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 All commodities 22,420,540 22,309,358 24,583,841 23,491,477 20,878,502 Animals and products 14,587,322 15,377,060 16,950,166 16,674,279 13,154,912 Meat animals 10,170,348 10,334,495 11,183,779 11,680,410 8,661,223 Cattle and calves 9,884,326 10,097,183 10,938,332 11,459,962 8,470,005 Hogs 286, , , , ,218 Dairy products, Milk 1,789,964 1,955,544 2,529,372 1,818,675 1,848,140 Poultry and eggs 2,265,666 2,716,006 2,851,685 2,828,041 2,266,275 Broilers 1,747,550 2,184,957 2,261,860 2,030,358 1,835,520 Chicken eggs 445, , , , ,309 Farm chickens 4,968 5,600 5,747 6,488 5,643 Turkeys 67,651 54,185 58,124 62,442 63,803 Miscellaneous animals and products 361, , , , ,274 Aquaculture 14,433 21,859 16,656 18,123 17,722 Catfish 14,433 21,859 16,656 18,123 17,722 Sheep and lambs NA NA NA NA NA Honey 9,568 13,133 20,268 17,464 18,248 Mohair 2,256 2,695 3,654 3,408 3,060 Other animals and products 331, , , , ,269 All other animals and products 331, , , , ,269 Wool 3,507 4,048 3,297 3,198 2,975 Crops 7,833,217 6,932,298 7,633,675 6,817,197 7,723,590 Food grains 807, , , , ,831 Rice 182, , , , ,209 Rye 1,812 2,311 3,156 3,799 3,929 Wheat 623, , , , ,693 Feed crops 2,457,547 2,072,211 2,374,706 2,026,948 2,150,208 Corn 1,477,859 1,170,787 1,308,204 1,067,346 1,177,021 Hay 342, , , , ,960 Oats 8,205 3,036 6,946 6,069 9,618 Sorghum 628, , , , ,609 Cotton 2,019,734 1,615,716 2,076,186 1,710,731 2,564,957 Cotton lint 1,629,636 1,208,378 1,729,968 1,342,055 2,124,975 Cotton lint, Long staple 23,404 10,128 14,850 15,839 20,082 Cotton lint, Upland 1,606,231 1,198,251 1,715,118 1,326,216 2,104,892 Cottonseed 390, , , , ,982 Oil crops 208, , , , ,233 Peanuts 150, , , , ,663 Soybeans 33,969 35,808 41,336 31,890 37,848 Sunflower 24,557 25,558 32,170 29,641 12,722 Vegetables and melons 417, , , , ,713 Dry beans 5,123 13,557 13,145 12,500 10,774 Potatoes 101, , , , ,522 Potatoes, Spring 36,522 6,151 NA NA NA Potatoes, Summer 65, , , , ,522 Sweet potatoes 4,499 7,601 3,864 9,874 NA Beans, Snap 1,822 2,544 2,616 3,712 6,707 Beans, Snap, Fresh NA NA NA NA 3,922

25 Cash Receipts by Commodity Groups and Selected Commodities, Nominal (current dollars) Texas $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 Beans, Snap, Processing 1,822 2,544 2,616 3,712 2,785 Cabbage 30,420 37,125 33,325 30,855 34,884 Cabbage, Fresh 30,420 37,125 33,325 30,855 34,884 Carrots 9,351 8,378 8,964 26,004 18,368 Carrots, Fresh 8,450 7,392 7,560 24,672 16,348 Carrots, Processing ,404 1,332 2,020 Corn, Sweet 4,680 3,444 6,160 7,138 NA Corn, Sweet, Fresh 4,680 3,444 6,160 7,138 NA Cucumbers 10,095 13,259 15,832 9,122 10,873 Cucumbers, Fresh 6,300 5,175 5,264 2,146 3,546 Cucumbers, Processing 3,795 8,084 10,568 6,976 7,327 Pumpkins NA NA NA NA 15,392 Onions 143, , ,763 57,293 57,293 Onions, Spring 69,525 83,110 56,160 19,680 19,680 Onions, Summer, Nonstorage 74,382 59,802 44,603 37,613 37,613 Peppers, Chile 6,829 10,189 9,693 14,335 8,580 Spinach 8,864 10,845 10,724 6,281 10,193 Spinach, Fresh 7,482 10,010 9,900 5,523 7,288 Spinach, Processing 1, ,905 Squash 8,721 7,866 7,425 10,260 7,043 Tomatoes 9,021 4,050 4,469 4,860 NA Tomatoes, Fresh 9,021 4,050 4,469 4,860 NA Cantaloups 11,723 7,068 8,215 6,869 5,585 Honeydews 8,928 5,205 2,871 2,820 NA Watermelon 51,888 53,544 49,920 51,888 72,500 Fruits and nuts 159, , , , ,673 Grapefruit 36,540 48,591 50,087 38,557 50,430 Oranges 19,261 22,079 23,467 16,509 30,319 Grapes 13,671 10,973 13,170 18,260 20,664 Peaches 15,540 19,275 6,600 8,460 9,240 Pecans 74,760 44, ,800 73,860 94,020 All other crops 1,761,861 1,812,696 1,796,827 1,769,165 1,841,974 Sugarcane for sugar and seed 53,013 42,312 23,863 13,035 20,605 Floriculture 285, , , ,154 NA Mushrooms 6,397 6,423 6,491 6,932 6,932 Miscellaneous crops 1,416,872 1,529,009 1,539,448 1,528,044 1,814,437 Footnotes Data for 2015 and 2016 were revised on July 17, 2018 F = Forecast values. 'NA' in a forecast year indicates that insufficient data exists to forecast cash receipts for that commodity, and the amounts are instead included in the aggregate forecast totals. 'NA' in an estimate year indicates that commodity survey data is not available, and the amounts are instead included in either the 'miscellaneous crops' or 'all other animals and products' category, depending on the commodity type. Values are rounded to the nearest thousand. When 'Real (2018 dollars)' is selected, nominal values are adjusted for inflation using the chain-type GDP deflator, base year=2018. USDA/ERS Farm Income and Wealth Statistics

26 Texas Agricultural Cash Receipts by Commodities, Billion $ Livestock Crops 2016 estimated by USDA/ERS/NASS

27 Texas Cash Receipts, Commodity Ranking and Share of U.S. Total, 2016 Nominal (current dollars) Rank Commodity Cumulative Share of U.S. Share of share of State receipts by State receipts State receipts receipts U.S. receipts commodity $1,000 Percent Percent $1,000 Percent All commodities 20,878, ,405, Animals and products 13,154, ,858, Crops 7,723, ,546, Cattle and calves 8,470, ,944, Cotton lint, Upland 2,104, ,459, Dairy products, Milk 1,848, ,543, Broilers 1,835, ,935, Miscellaneous crops 1,814, ,451, Corn 1,177, ,885, Hay 482, ,190, Sorghum 480, ,653, Cottonseed 439, , Chicken eggs 361, ,483, All other animals and products 337, ,845, Wheat 297, ,863, Hogs 191, ,856, Rice 128, ,424, Potatoes 113, ,659, Peanuts 109, ,085, Pecans 94, , Watermelon 72, , Turkeys 63, ,184, Onions 57, ,039, Grapefruit 50, , Soybeans 37, ,008, Cabbage 34, , Oranges 30, ,927, Grapes 20, ,257, Sugarcane for sugar and seed 20, , Cotton lint, Long staple 20, , Carrots 18, , Honey 18, , Catfish 17, , Pumpkins 15, , Sunflower 12, , Cucumbers 10, , Dry beans 10, , Spinach 10, , Oats 9, , Peaches 9, , Peppers, Chile 8, , Squash 7, , Mushrooms 6, ,191, Beans, Snap 6, , Farm chickens 5, , Cantaloups 5, , Rye 3, , Mohair 3, , Wool 2, , Footnotes Data for 2015 and 2016 were revised on July 17, 2018, see errata for details. NA = Data are not available/applicable. Values are rounded to the nearest thousand. When 'Real (2018 dollars)' is selected, nominal values are adjusted for inflation using the chain-type GDP deflator, base year=2018. USDA/ERS Farm Income and Wealth Statistics

28 Billion $ Texas: Leading Commodities for Cash Receipts, 2016 Cattle and Calves Cotton lint, Upland Dairy Products, Milk Broilers Misc. Crops Corn Hay Sorghum Cottonseed Chicken Eggs All Other Animals & Products Wheat 2016 estimated by USDA/ERS Livestock and Products ($13,154,912) Crops ($7,723,590) Value of Receipts

29 Texas' Export Share of Agricultural Commodities, Texas Million $ 2016 Texas' Share of U.S. Exports % Beef and veal Pork Hides and skins Other livestock products 1/ Dairy products Broiler meat Other poultry products 2/ Vegetables, fresh Vegetables, processed Fruits, fresh Fruits, processed Tree nuts Rice Wheat Corn Feeds and other feed grains 3/ Grain products, processed Soybeans Soybean meal Vegetable oils Other oilseeds and products 4/ Cotton 2, , , , , , Tobacco Other plant products 5/ , , , , Total agricultural exports 6, , , , , , Total animal products 2, , , , , , Total plant products 4, , , , , , / Includes other nonpoultry meats, animal fat, live farm animals, and other animal parts. 2/ Includes turkey meat, eggs, and other fowl products. 3/ Includes processed feeds, fodder, barley, oats, rye, and sorghum. 4/ Includes peanuts (oilstock), other oil crops, corn meal, other oilcake and meal, protein substances, bran and residues. 5/ Includes sweeteners and products, other horticulture products, planting seeds, cocoa, coffee, and other processed foods. Data sources: USDA Economic Research Service; USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (Global Agricultural Trade System).

30 TEXAS CROPS Front of a general store in a small cotton town in Texas, June 1937

31 Texas Marketing Year Average Prices Received by Farmers, Crops, Corn Upland Grain Year for Grain Cotton All Hay Oats Peanuts Rice Sorghum Wheat $/bu. /lb. $/ton $/bu. /lb. $/cwt. $/cwt. $/bu * ** Source: Texas Ag Facts, Annual Summary, February; Texas Ag Statistics, Annual Summary, USDA/NASS/Texas Field Office, Austin. Numbers revised from USDA/NASS/Quick Stats Program. *After 1988 all hay market year average price cannot be be derived from value and production. **Preliminary

32 $/Bu Texas Corn for Grain Prices Received Preliminary Note: Prices Received by Farmers $3.75/bu Texas Upland Cotton Prices Received /lb. Cents/Lb Preliminary Note: Prices Received by Farmers

33 $/Ton Preliminary Note: Prices Received by Farmers Texas All Hay Prices Received $123.00/ton $/Bu Texas Oats Prices Received Preliminary Note: Prices Received by Farmers $3.90/bu.

34 Texas Peanuts Prices Received /lb. Cents/Lb Preliminary Note: Prices Received by Farmers $/Cwt Preliminary Note: Prices Received by Farmers Texas Rice Prices Received $11.60/cwt

35 $/Cwt Preliminary Note: Prices Received by Farmers Texas Grain Sorghum Prices Received $6.45/cwt $/Bu Texas Wheat Prices Received Preliminary Note: Prices Received by Farmers $3.75/bu.

36 Value of Texas Upland Cotton and Cottonseed The following table was compiled by Texas Cottonseed Crushers from their historical records and reports of the U.S. Department of Commerce and Department of Agriculture. Upland Cotton Cottonseed Crop Year Production Value Production Value 000 Bales 000 $ 000 Tons 000 $ ,320 1,091,616 1, , ,645 1,259,964 2, , , ,440 1,122 90, , ,870 1, , , ,688 1, , , ,429 1, , , ,945 1,053 82, ,635 1,325,981 1, , ,215 1,291,651 2, , , ,784 1, , ,965 1,506,182 1, , ,710 1,211,789 1, , , ,495 1, , ,095 1,308,396 2, , ,915 1,642,003 2, , ,460 1,597,037 1, , ,345 1,368,154 1, , ,140 1,482,787 1, , , ,408 1, , , ,840 1, , , ,061 1, , , ,723 1, , , ,680 1, , ,330 1,199,237 1, , ,740 1,493,510 2, , ,440 1,879,757 2, , ,800 1,288,992 2, , ,250 2,391,840 2, , , ,670 1, , ,620 1,328,342 1, , ,840 3,006,797 2, , ,500 1,375,920 1, , ,000 1,675,200 1, , ,170 1,493,194 1, , ,175 1,739,868 1, , ,720 1,564,992 1, , ,100 2,593,296 2, , ,270 3,009,600 2, ,670 Beginning in 1971, basis for cotton prices was changed from 500 pound gross weight to 480 pound net weight bale; to compute comparable prices for previous years multiply price times Source: ATexas Agricultural Facts@, USDA/NASS Crop Production Annual Summary, January; and Crop Values Annual Summary, February. USDA/NASS Quick Stats data system.

37 Production and Value of Texas Upland Cotton, * Million Bales Value Production 9.27 Mil. Bales $3.01 Bil Million $ *2017 Est.

38 Production and Value of Texas Upland Cottonseed, Million Bales Value Production 2.85 Mil. Tons $ Mil Million $ *2017 Est.

39 Cotton: States' Ranking for Cash Receipts, 2016 Nominal (current dollars) Rank State Cumulative Share of U.S. Receipts for Share of State Receipts for All Share of U.S. Receipts for All commodities State Receipts for Cotton Share of U.S. Receipts for Cotton Cotton State Receipts for All Commodities Commodities $1,000 Percent Percent $1,000 Percent Percent United States 5,787, ,405, Texas 2,564, ,878, Georgia 861, ,433, California 423, ,041, Mississippi 291, ,206, Arkansas 259, ,214, Alabama 230, ,953, Missouri 205, ,914, Oklahoma 181, ,189, Arizona 160, ,155, North Carolina 155, ,576, Tennessee 143, ,296, Louisiana 78, ,823, South Carolina 68, ,120, Florida 60, ,745, Virginia 41, ,338, New Mexico 37, ,861, Kansas 21, ,471, Footnotes Data for 2015 and 2016 were revised on July 17, 2018, see errata for details. NA = Data are not available/applicable. Values are rounded to the nearest thousand. When 'Real (2018 dollars)' is selected, nominal values are adjusted for inflation using the chain-type GDP deflator, base year=2018. USDA/ERS Farm Income and Wealth Statistics

40 Texas Georgia Mississippi Alabama Tennessee Arizona Arkansas S. Carolina Oklahoma Louisiana Missouri N. Carolina N. Mexico Virginia California *Other Cotton: States Percent of Total Receipts, Percent *Florida and Kansas

41 TEXAS LIVESTOCK Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College, College Station, Texas, January 1943

42 Texas Livestock Numbers and Values Number of Head Value Per Head Farm Value Total Value Class of Livestock Preliminary 2018 as % of Thousands % Dollars 1,000 Dollars All Cattle ,800 12,300 12, ,400 1,030 1,080 16,520,000 12,669,000 13,500,000 Beef Cows*.... 4,290 4,460 4, Milk Cows* Hogs** NA NA 70,520 88,000 NA All Sheep , , ,750 Angora Goats ,140 12,000 10,010 Chickens** , , NA NA 136, ,000 NA Total Value ,868,834 13,026,220 13,648,760 * Included in "All Cattle" ** Figures as of December 1. Turkey figures not released to avoid disclosing individual operations. Figures as of January 1. NA = Not Available. Source: USDA/NASS; Meat Animals Production, Disposition, and Income Summary, April USDA/NASS QuickStats.

43 Texas All Cattle Inventory and Value Year January 1 Average Price Inventory Per Head Value 1,000 Head Dollars $1, , ,452, , ,950, , ,807, , ,723, , ,556, , ,556, , ,392, , ,194, , ,546, , ,190, , ,040, , ,671, , ,806, , ,531, , ,225, , ,292, , ,830, , ,050, , ,784, , ,357, , ,296, , ,540, , ,660, , ,608, , ,760, , ,981, , ,696, , ,472, , ,108, , ,352, ,900 1,010 12,019, ,600 1,040 12,064, ,100 1,150 12,765, ,700 1,530 17,901, ,800 1,400 16,520, ,300 1,030 12,669, ,500 1,080 13,500,000 Source: USDA/NASS QuickStats

44 Texas All Cattle Number and Value Million Head Billion $ Number Value $13.5 Bil Mil. Head January 1 inventory

45 Texas Sheep and Wool Production Sheep Wool Year Number Farm Value Production Value $ (Lbs.) $ ,400, ,000,000 18,300,000 17,751, ,360, ,820,000 20,500,000 24,600, ,400, ,800,000 19,300,000 16,212, ,225,000 86,775,000 18,600,000 15,438, ,970,000 76,830,000 17,500,000 16,100, ,930, ,975,000 16,200,000 13,284, ,850, ,300,000 16,400,000 13,284, ,050, ,250,000 16,400,000 19,844, ,040, ,040,000 18,200,000 27,482, ,870, ,445,000 18,000,000 27,180, ,090, ,760,000 17,400,000 19,662, ,000, ,000,000 16,700,000 13,861, ,140, ,280,000 17,600,000 16,896, ,040, ,320,000 17,000,000 11,050, ,895, ,120,000 14,840,000 15,582, ,700, ,300,000 13,468,000 15,488, ,650, ,900,000 9,900,000 8,316, ,400, ,800,000 10,950,000 11,607, ,530, ,400,000 9,230,000 5,815, ,350,000 95,850,000 7,956,000 3,898, ,200,000 94,800,000 7,506,000 3,678, ,150,000 92,000,000 6,003,000 3,122, ,130,000 88,140,000 5,950,000 4,046, ,040,000 82,160,000 5,600,000 5,040, ,090, ,640,000 5,600,000 5,712, ,070, ,350,000 5,550,000 5,328, ,070, ,980,000 4,900,000 4,459, ,050, ,300,000 4,500,000 5,445, ,000 97,920,000 4,200,000 4,872, ,000 87,870,000 3,500,000 3,640, ,000 83,000,000 3,450,000 5,451, , ,650,000 2,600,000 5,746, , ,510,000 2,100,000 3,507, ,000 96,560,000 2,300,000 4,048, , ,990,000 2,100,000 3,297, , ,000,000 1,950,000 3,198, , ,950,000 1,800,000 3,150, , ,220,000 1,600,000 2,608, , ,750,000 NA NA Source: "1985 Texas Livestock, Dairy and Poultry Statistics", USDA Bulletin 235, June "Texas Agricultural Facts" Annual Summary, Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, various years, A1993 Texas Livestock Statistics@, Texas Agricultural Statistics Service, Bulletin 252, August 1994; ATexas Agricultural Statistics, 2008", December2009; USDA/NASS February and April Ag Prices. USDA/NASS Quick Stats

46 Texas Sheep Number and Farm Value Million Head Number Value $138.8 Mil. 750,000 Head Million $ January 1 inventory 2018 Est.

47 Texas Wool Production and Value Million Lbs Production Value $2.608 Mil. 1.6 Mil. Lbs Million $ January 1 inventory 2017 est.

48 Texas Goats and Mohair Year All Goats Angora Goats Mohair Number Farm Value Number Farm Value Production Value $ $ (lbs.) $ ,450,000 82,215,000 NA NA 10,600,000 48,160, ,590,000 76,797,000 NA NA 13,300,000 45,885, ,770,000 70,977,000 NA NA 16,000,000 40,160, ,780,000 82,592,000 NA NA 16,200,000 42,606, ,800, ,180,000 NA NA 15,400,000 29,876, ,850, ,270,000 NA NA 15,400,000 24,794, ,900,000 93,100,000 NA NA 14,500,000 13,775, ,830,000 73,200,000 NA NA 14,800,000 19,388, ,000,000 84,000,000 1,620,000 NA 14,200,000 12,354, ,960,000 84,280,000 1,560,000 NA 13,490,000 11,197, ,960,000 74,480,000 1,490,000 NA 11,680,000 30,602, ,850,000 81,400,000 1,250,000 NA 11,319,000 20,940, ,900,000 89,300,000 1,250,000 NA 7,490,000 14,606, ,650,000 70,950,000 1,000,000 NA 6,384,000 14,556, ,400,000 71,400, ,000 NA 4,650,000 12,044, ,350,000 71,550, ,000 NA 2,550,000 9,384, ,300,000 74,100, ,000 NA 2,346,000 10,088, ,400, ,000, ,000 NA 1,716,000 3,775, ,250, ,250, ,000 NA 1,944,000 3,110, ,200, ,400, ,000 NA 1,680,000 2,856, ,200, ,200, ,000 13,860,000 1,620,000 3,402, ,250, ,430, ,000 14,070,000 1,250,000 3,750, ,284, ,170, ,000 15,200,000 1,100,000 4,400, ,272, ,800, ,000 14,220, ,000 3,840, ,185, ,871, ,000 11,250, ,000 3,116, ,120, ,920, ,000 10,080, ,000 2,170, ,110, ,290, ,000 7,500, ,000 3,066, ,000 NA 110,000 11,000, ,000 2,703, ,000 NA 85,000 7,565, ,000 2,256, ,000 NA 74,000 9,028, ,000 2,695, ,000 NA 76,000 9,196, ,000 3,654, ,000 NA 85,000 12,325, ,000 3,408, ,000 NA 78,000 10,140, ,000 3,060, ,000 NA 80,000 12,000, ,000 3,102, ,000 NA 75,000 10,010,000 NA NA Source:"1985 Texas Livestock, Dairy and Poultry Statistics", USDA Bulletin 235, June "Texas Agricultural Facts", Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, various years; 1993 Texas Livestock Statistics, Texas Agricultural Statistics Service, Bulletin 252, August 1994; Texas Agricultural Statistics, 2008",December 2009; Texas Ag Facts, February Ag Prices, various years. USDA/NASS QuickStats

49 Texas Goat Number and Farm Value Million Head Number Value 896,000 Head Million $ January 1 Inventory; goat farm value not available after 2010.

50 Texas Angora Goat Number and Farm Value Number of Head 250, , , ,000 50,000 0 Value ($10.01 Mil.) Number (75,000 Head) Million $ January 1 Inventory

51 Texas Mohair Production and Value Value Million Lbs. Million $ Production $3.101 Mil ,000 Lbs. 0 January 1 Inventory

52 Texas Hog Production, Year Production Value of Production Average Price Per Cwt. Gross Income (000 Lbs.) $1,000 ($) $1, ,658 97, , ,004 91, , ,225 94, , ,023 93, , ,554 78, , ,071 88, , ,397 78, , ,323 78, , ,476 93, , , , , ,444 83, , ,572 75, , , , , , , , ,441 65, , ,876 67, , ,199 90, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,934 75, , , ,262 NA 123, , ,045 NA 179, , ,889 NA 240, , ,528 NA 248, , ,096 NA 228, , ,757 NA 191, , ,572 NA 199,298 Source: 1985 Texas Livestock, Dairy and Poultry Statistics, USDA, Bulletin 235, June 1986, pp. 32, 46; 1991 "Texas Livestock Statistics"; USDA, "Meat Animals - Prod., Dips., & Income", April various years; 1993 Texas Livestock Statistics, Bulletin 252, Texas Agricultural Statistics Service, August 1994; Texas Agricultural Facts, 2008", December 2009; Texas Ag Facts, various years. (December 1 previous year)

53 Hog Production and Gross Income in Texas Million Lbs Gross Income Production $ Mil Mil. Million $ December 1 Inventory

54 TEXAS FARMS Dallas County, Texas, April 1938 (Farmstead damaged by sand drifting)

55 Texas Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size Year Number of Farms Land in Farms (000 acs) Avg. Farm Size (acs) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Source: USDA/NASS

56 Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size in Texas, Average Farm Size (Acs.) Thousands Acres Number of Farms (000) Land in Farms (Mil. Acs.)

57 Texas: Number of Farms and Land in Farms by Economic Sales Class Economic Sales Class Number of Farms Percent of Total Farms Land in Farms Percent of Total Land Number % (000 acres) % 2017 $1,000-$9, , , $10,000-$99,999 70, , $100,000-$249,999 9, , $250,000-$499,999 4, , $500,000 & Over 7, , Total 240, , $1,000-$9, , , $10,000-$99,999 71, , $100,000-$249,999 8, , $250,000-$499,999 4, , $500,000 & Over 7, , Total 241, , $1,000-$9, , , $10,000-$99,999 71, , $100,000-$249,999 8, , $250,000-$499,999 4, , $500,000 & Over 6, , Total 242, , Source: USDA/NASS, "Farm Numbers and Land in Farms, February 2017 and Numbers may not add due to rounding.

58 Number of Farms and Land in Farms by Farm Sales Categories in Texas, 2017 (% Distribution) $10,000-$99,999 29% $100,000 & Over 9% $100,000 & Over 56% $1,000-$9,999 62% $10,000-$99,999 32% $1,000-$9,999 13% Number of Farms (%) Land in Farms (%)

59 Texas Average Farm Real Estate Value Dollars Per Acre, $544 $612 $694 $594 $546 $544 $521 $507 $498 $488 $499 $515 $525 $540 $554 $593 $640 $680 $730 $775 $810 $840 $1,000 $1,190 $1,380 $1,550 $1,550 $1,600 $1,670 $1,690 $1,680 $1,850 $1,940 $1,960 $2,090 $2, $/Acre USDA NASS, Land Values 2018 Summary, August 2018

60 Texas Average Cropland Value Dollars Per Acre, $701 $728 $769 $805 $871 $937 $981 $1,030 $1,190 $1,360 $1,500 $1,480 $1,510 $1,580 $1,590 $1,520 $1,680 $1,840 $1,890 $2,010 $2, $/Acre USDA NASS, Land Values 2018 Summary, August 2018

61 Texas Average Pasture Value Dollars Per Acre, $550 $560 $565 $585 $600 $620 $655 $840 $1,030 $1,220 $1,400 $1,360 $1,370 $1,430 $1,460 $1,450 $1,580 $1,600 $1,600 $1,650 $1, $/Acre USDA NASS, Land Values 2018 Summary, August 2018

62 FARM EXPENDITURES Store and trading center, San Joaquin Valley, California, April 9, 1940