Resilient, water- and energy-efficient forage and feed crops for Mediterranean agricultural systems (REFORMA)

Transcription

1 Resilient, water- and energy-efficient forage and feed crops for Mediterranean agricultural systems (REFORMA) Paolo ANNICCHIARICO Agricultural Research Council (CRA), Centre for Fodder Crops and Dairy Productions, Lodi, ITALY ARIMNet projects mid-term event June 11, 2014, Montpellier, France 1

2 Partner institutions 1) CRA-FLC, Lodi, Italy 2) CNR-ISPAAM, Sassari, Italy 3) INRA-URP3F, Lusignan, France 4) INRA-UMRLEG, Dijon, France 5) INRAA, Alger, Algeria 6) ENSA, Alger, Algeria 7) INRA, Centres de Marrakesh and Rabat, Morocco 8) IRA, Médenine, Tunisia 9) The Samuel R. Noble Foundation, Ardmore (OK), USA 2

3 MEDITERRANEAN CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS - support production chains with high added-value (e.g. local cheeses) or responding to rising demand for highly nutritious food (milk; eggs; etc.) - contribute to farmers economic stability and labour spreading - provide unique environmental services (efficient cycling of nutrients, crop residues and sub-products; anti-erosion; soil fertility; biodiversity) - can safeguard and exploit agricultural areas with low potential GENERAL OBJECTIVE Designing more productive, energy-efficient and water-efficient systems, by generating and testing stress-tolerant feed legumes 3

4 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES Developing new germplasm: - lucerne varieties tolerant to drought, salinity, heat and grazing - pea varieties tolerant to drought (for grain and forage) Developing innovative selection methods for lucerne and pea: - cost-efficient marker-assisted selection procedures - ecologically-based breeding strategies Developing innovative lucerne- and pea-based forage crops (based of legume plant types, associated grass or cereal species, site characteristics, acceptability by farmers, feed quality, feed utilization) Lucerne [Alfalfa] (Medicago sativa) Pea (Pisum sativum) 4

5 WORKPLAN OF MAIN RESEARCH ACTIVITIES WP Activity Y 1 Y 2 Y 3 1 Lucerne and pea germplasm multiplication [Italy] Lucerne phenotyping / selection for drought [Italy, 1 Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia] X 1 Lucerne phenotyping / selection for salt [Tunisia] 1 Lucerne phenotyping / selection for grazing [Italy] 1 Lucerne phenotyping for yield potential [Italy] 1 Lucerne phenotyping for yield in association [France] 1 Lucerne adaptation to high temperatures [France] Pea phenotyping / selection for drought [Italy, Algeria,? 1 Morocco] X 2 Lucerne genotyping / MAS for drought, salt [USA, Italy] 2 Lucerne genotyping / MAS for grazing [France, Italy] 2 Lucerne genotyping / MAS for mixed cropping [France] 2 Pea genotyping / MAS for drought [France, Italy] 3 Optimization of legume-based forage crops [Italy, Algeria, Morocco, France] 5

6 LUCERNE REFERENCE POPULATION For phenotyping/selection for drought, salt, etc: contributing cultivars Modeled top-yielding cultivars as a function of soil electrical conductivity (EC) and Apr-Sep water available, based on 12 cultivars grown in 10 environments of north Africa and south Europe (Field Crops Res. 120: ) EC (ds m -1 ) Ma, Sa Am, Ma Am, Sa Am, Er De, Sa Am, De Water available (mm) Am = Ameristand 801S De = Demnat 203 Ma = Mamuntanas Ab = ABT 805 Er = Erfoud 1 Sa = SARDI 10 6

7 LUCERNE PHENOTYPING 154 half-sib families; for yield in water-favourable and stress conditions, in Lodi Micro-plot differences in plant survival to drought 7

8 LUCERNE PHENOTYPING For drought tolerance, in North African locations Alger Marrakech 8

9 LUCERNE GENOMIC SELECTION For yield in water-favourable conditions,using genotyping-by-sequencing Accuracy of genomic selection models for breeding values of 154 parent genotypes, for different thresholds of genotype missing data Missing data No. of SNP markers Accuracy Max. 10% Max. 20% Max. 30% CRA-FLC & Noble Foundation, unpublished 9

10 LUCERNE MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION QTLs for biomass and plant height under mixed cropping, in Lusignan Genotyping: - 99 SSR markers DArT markers INRA-URP3F, unpublished Fairly consistent under pure stand or spaced planting 10

11 LUCERNE VARIATION FOR HEAT TOLERANCE Development rate Typical response to temperatures of plant growth T max 0.3 T min Optimum T opt Sub-optimal temperatures Température Post-optimal temperatures Experiment Material: - 2 populations (mediterranean; temperate) - 11 cloned genotypes (various origins) Temperatures: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 C Photoperiod: 14 h 11

12 LUCERNE VARIATION FOR HEAT TOLERANCE Modest differences between genotypes (Lusignan, growth chambers) variety Barmed (Mediterranean) variety Harpe (Temperate) Leaf appearance rate (leaf/h) Temperature Temperature Temperature effect on leaf size INRA-URP3F, unpublished 12

13 GENERATION OF A PEA REFERENCE POPULATION In Lodi, from elite parents, for phenotyping/selection and genotyping 13

14 OPTIMIZATION OF LEGUME-BASED FORAGE CROPS Yield of annual crops in Algeria, Sardinia, Morocco (preliminary study) Dry matter (t/ha) Legume % on dry matter Crop Algeria Sardinia Morocco Algeria Sardinia Morocco Ps = Pea, semi-dwarf Pt = Pea, tall N = Narbon vetch V = Common vetch O = Oat T = Triticale Ps O Ps T Pt O Pt T N O N T V O V T Ps Pt O T N V O T CNR-ISPAAM, INRA Algeria, INRA Rabat & CRA-FLC, unpublished 14

15 OPTIMIZATION OF LEGUME-BASED CROPS Farmer participatory assessment Sardinia Morocco 15

16 OPTIMIZATION OF LEGUME-BASED FORAGE CROPS Mean annual crop value assigned by farmers (5=very high;1=very low;year 1) Crop Sardinia Morocco Ps = Pea, semi-dwarf Pt = Pea, tall N = Narbon vetch V = Common vetch O = Oat T = Triticale Ps O Ps T Pt O Pt T N O N T V O V T Ps Pt O T N V O T [ Lucerne ] CNR-ISPAAM, INRA Rabat & CRA-FLC, unpublished 16

17 Thanks for your attention 17