Connecting Organics & Soil: An Overview of Washington State University Research

Transcription

1 Connecting Organics & Soil: An Overview of Washington State University Research

2 On going Research Projects Long Term Biosolids Research site GP-17 Soil Health, Micro-Plastics and nano particles, soil carbon fractionation Conservation Tillage Lind Yield and yield components, wind blown dust and fungal and bacterial communities. Compost use on golf fairways, partnership with JBLM Long term biosolids effects for forage production after 25 years soil carbon fractionation, soil carbon, soil C&N, 1 st cutting forage yields

3 Extension Projects Biosolids in Dryland Cropping Systems, Dan Sullivan, Craig Cogger, Andy Bary and Linda Brewer. PNW 714 Worksheet for Calculating Biosolids Application Rates in Agriculture Dan Sullivan, Andy Bary and Craig Cogger. PNW 511.

4 Biosolids Long Term Research Site GP-17 Dryland grain production Crop Fallow No fertilizer, fertilized, 2 dt/a BS, 3dt/a BS, 4.5 dt/a Started in early 90 s Biosolids applied every 2nd crop

5 GP17 Canola Grain Yield 2018 Treatment Grain Yield lb/a No Fertilizer 1646d 2 dt/a BS 3056ab 3 dt/a BS 3201a 4.5 dt/a BS 3008b Fertilized 2821c

6 GP17 Canola Soil Carbon 2018 Treatment Soil Carbon % No Fertilizer 0.83b 2 dt/a BS 1.44a 3 dt/a BS 1.51a 4.5 dt/a BS 1.65a Fertilized 0.99b Spring 2018, 0-6 in

7 Biosolids and Conservation Tillage Treatments Fertility: Biosolids, Synthetic fertilizer Tillage: Undercutter, Tandem disk Crop fallow cropping system, matched plots, started 2012, 4 replicates Biosolids applied every 2 crops Grain yield, yield components, select soil analysis, dust measurements

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9 Biosolids and Conservation Tillage yr avg grain yield bu/a Fertilizer Biosolids Grain yield non-signifcant

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11 Wind Tunnel Biosolids and Dust Windblown soil loss was similar to or lower than other treatments Characteristics evaluated prostrate residue, standing residue, PM10 fraction, residue flat cover, bulk density, geometric mean diameter, soil water, etc. Long term shifts in fungal communities correlated to increase in C, N, and P, persistent 3 years after application. Changes in a few fungal communities that are likely to decompose biosolids.

12 Wind Tunnel Biosolids and Dust Soil was found to be enriched with Zn and N, no evidence suggests dust was enriched Elevated zinc levels were not found to be elevated in dust fraction. Generally nutrients were 10% lower in windblown sediment. Results overall found little difference in metals and other nutrients are found in windblown sediment between biosolids or synthetic fertilizer.

13 Wind Tunnel Biosolids and Dust No evidence to suggest that dust was enriched in human pathogens other than Clostridiaceae Most human associated taxa that may cause health concerns were not present in dust from biosolids except for Clostridiaceae (botulism, diarrhea generally found in soils and in intestinal track of animals and humans). Microbes found in biosolids treatments reflected microbes that feed on introduced organic materials in the soil.

14 Wind Tunnel Biosolids and Dust Results of research so far shows that biosolids has minimal impact on wind erosion and the environment

15 Site locations

16 Summer 2015 Fall 2015 Spring 2016 Fall 2016

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18 Volumetric water content Volumetric water content (%) a a a b b b Fall 2015 Spring 2016 Fall 2016 Composted biosolids No Composted biosolids Collection season

19 2 types class A biosolids Applied 3 times a year 1, 2, 3 dt/a (3 times per year) Fertilized and unfertilized control 30,60, 90 dt/a over 25 years intensively managed and BS applied intensively managed no BS applied mowed only Forage grass cut 6 times a year

20 FWC3 HARVEST YIELD 2018 HARVESTED 25APR A Dry Matter Yield, lb/a B C BC BC C D D dt/a 6 dt/a 3 dt/a King Co. Dry Product 9 dt/a 6 dt/a 3 dt/a Tacoma Cake Fertilized No Fertilizer Treatment

21 Nitrogen uptake lb N/a Low Medium High Fertilized Unfertilized 20 Intensively Managed BS Applied Intensively Managed no BS Applied Year Mowed Only

22 Wind Tunnel Biosolids and Dust Crops and Soils Washington State University C. Cogger (Emeritus), B. Pan, B. Schillinger, L. Port, Y. Xiao, M. Flury, S. Taylor USDA ARS Pullman B. Sharratt, D. Paulitz, D. Schlatter, Y. Pi Oregon State University Dan Sullivan