CROP RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PRAGUE. Nitrogen fertilization of winter oilseed rape during autumn and spring Vavera R., Růžek P., Kusá H., Bečka D.

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1 CROP RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PRAGUE Nitrogen fertilization of winter oilseed rape during autumn and spring Vavera R., Růžek P., Kusá H., Bečka D. 1

2 Trend in sowing area and yield of oilseed rape in the Czech Republic in 1998 to 28 Area [thousands of ha] Yield [t.ha -1 ] 4, 3,5 3, 2,5 2, 1,5 1,,5,

3 Approaches of the application of inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers and fertilizers with rapidly releasable nitrogen on arable land in autumn [Czech republic - 47 % farmland in vulnerable zones] Condition of the fertilization For winter crop following after cereal crop For winter crop following after other pre-crop then cereal crop I. application zone II. application zone III. application zone Basic classification Soils with high infiltration risk A B A B A B A B Notes: A - max. limit of nitrogen input in inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers, in kg N. ha -1. B - max. limit of nitrogen input in fertilizers with rapidly releasable nitrogen, in kg N. ha -1 3

4 The period of ban on application of nitrogenous fertilizing substances on agricultural land (Czech republic) Agricultural plot with cultivated crop or prepared for establishing of crop stand Crop or culture Crops on arable land Climatic region Period of ban on fertilization Fertilizers with rapidly releasable nitrogen Inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers Limits of fertilization of winter rape 24 kg N. ha -1 4

5 Measurement of emissions C-CO2 in winter rape stand 5

6 The emissions of C-CO2 from stand of winter oilseed rape Resp. activity: Soil humidity: Conventional Minimum No-tillage Conventional Minimum No-tillage Air temp Soil humidity (%) / Air temperature ( C) Date Respiratory activity (µmol C-CO2 m -2 s -1 ) ploughing

7 The efect of autumn nitrogen application on growth of winter oilseed rape (November 28) Roots Above ground biomass Dry mass (t.ha -1 ) 2,5 2, 1,5 1,,5, Control UREAstabil Seeding:: Nitrogen application: kg N.ha -1 Plant and soil sampling: November 4 th N uptake (kg.ha -1 ) Roots Above ground biomass Control UREAstabil Nmin in soil (kg.ha -1 ) NH4-N NO3-N Control UREAstabil N (% in dry mass) Roots Control Above ground biomass UREAstabil Root collar diametr (mm) 8, 7,5 7, 6,5 6, Control UREAstabil 7

8 Frost resistance winter oilseed rape plants in autumn along N fertilization 1 = Control 2 = CAN 3 = UREAstabil 8

9 Soil temperature under winter oilseed rape in the 5 cm depth (6 December 27 to 23 April 28) Temperature ( C) Lukavec Prague Date

10 µg N. plant -1 h -1 The allocation of various form of nitrogen in plants under different temperature 75 6 NO3-N NH4-N Urea N Temperature ( C) µg N plant -1 h leaves roots NO3-N NH4-N Urea-N Temperature ( C) 1

11 Nitrogen concentration in plants and its uptake under various fertilization (8 kg N/ha, Lukavec 27 a 28) 5, 4,8 4,6 4,4 4,2 4, 3,8 3,6 3,4 3,2 3, 2,8 27 N [%] Control CAN UREAst ASN UANst N uptake [kg/ha] Control CAN UREAst ASN UANst 5, 4,8 4,6 4,4 4,2 4, 3,8 3,6 3,4 3,2 3, 2,8 28 N [%] Control CAN UREAst ASN UANst N uptake [kg/ha] Control CAN UREAst ASN UANst 11

12 Weather conditions during spring vegetation of oilseed rape (Lukavec; 27 and 28) precipitation (mm) Lukavec March 1 to July temperature ( C) : precipitation (mm) : T ( C) Date precipitation (mm) Lukavec March 1 to July temperature ( C) : precipitation (mm) 26 8: T ( C) Date Fertilization in 27: 1st dose: March 7 2nd dose: March 31 Fertilization in 28: 1st dose: March 1 2nd dose: March 31 12

13 The yield of seeds of winter oilseed rape under various nitrogen fertilization (Lukavec; 27 and 28) 3,6 3,4 3,2 3, 2,8 2,6 2,4 2,2 2, 1,8 27 Yield [t/ha] ,6 3,4 3,2 3, 2,8 2,6 2,4 2,2 2, 1,8 28 Yield [t/ha] Var. The split nitrogen dosses applied in different fertilizers (kg N.ha -1 ) CAN 8 CAN 4 CAN 3 6 UREA stabil 8 UREA stabil 4 UREA stabil 4 8 CAN 6 CAN 4 CAN 5 8 ASN 6 CAN 4 CAN 6 8 CAN 6 UAN spray 4 UAN spray 7 8 UAN stabil stream 6 UAN tabil stream 4 UAN stabil spray 8 8 UAN stabil stream + Fortestim ß x 6 UAN stabil stream 4 UAN stabil spray 13

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