United Oilseeds and AHDB Joint Seminar. Welcome

Transcription

1 United Oilseeds and AHDB Joint Seminar Welcome

2 United Oilseeds and AHDB Joint Seminar Making the most of the AHDB Recommended List for Oilseed Rape (OSR) Jenna Watts, AHDB

3 Outline How are varieties recommended? Recommended List for 2018/19 Verticillium wilt RL have your say (discussion)

4 How are varieties recommended?

5 Trials Winter OSR trial locations for harvest 2018

6 Criteria for selecting a new variety

7 Criteria for Recommendation Comparator varieties UK GO in ranked order Recommend If variety meets minimum standards Does the variety have a balance of features that is sufficiently better than existing varieties and such that it could potentially provide a more economic return in the market? +2% Automatic selection Expect to Recommend Unless variety has weaknesses compared to comparator varieties GO target Expect not to Recommend Variety needs additional strengths and no weaknesses -2% Recommendation unlikely below here Expect not to Recommend Variety needs something special (innovative traits)

8 OSR Recommended List 2018/19

9 New single UK list for winter OSR

10 Winter oilseed rape: New TuYV resistant variety New Architect UK (TuYV) UK gross output 102 E/W gross output 102 N gross output 99 Lodging 8 Stem stiffness 8 Shortness of stem Earliness of maturity 6 6 Stem canker 5 Light leaf spot 6 Stevens et. al.(2008), AHDB RR No. 69 Stevens et. al.(2008), HGCA RR No. 69 Gross output controls: 5.4 t/ha (UK), 5.4 t/ha (E/W), 5.6 t/ha (N)

11 Turnip Yellows Virus (TuYV) The most important viral disease of oilseed rape in the UK Can decrease yields by up to 30% The virus is present throughout the UK but its prevalence is variable from year to year

12 Spring oilseed rape: new described varieties UK gross output Shortness of stem Earliness of maturity New Lumen Axana Builder Dodger [105] [98] Gross output of controls: 3.2 t/ha

13 OSR Recommended List 2018/19 Summary New single UK list for winter OSR Architect marks a step forward for TuYV resistant varieties Two new spring OSR varieties on the described list

14 Verticillium wilt

15 Verticillium wilt

16 % Crops affected Verticillium incidence 30% Defra Survey results 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%

17 Managing verticillium Monitor crops for disease pre-harvest If verticillium wilt is established: Consider variety choice Be prepared to extend rotations Do not use seed from crops with verticillium wilt

18 Importance and management of verticillium wilt in winter oilseed rape (PR 512) Research project led by ADAS, Warwick Crop Centre and Fera Differences between varieties in tolerance to verticillium wilt identified Field results were from a single trial in a single year Research project funded by AHDB and Farmacy/Hutchinsons A robust data set is required to calculate verticillium disease ratings

19 Evaluation of resistance levels to verticillium wilt in UK oilseed rape varieties and relevance to productivity This project aims to evaluate resistance levels to verticillium wilt in UK oilseed rape varieties and provide a better understanding of its effects on productivity. The objectives are: 1. To develop a verticillium wilt inoculated trial protocol 2. To work with AHDB to produce a verticillium wilt disease rating 3. To determine yield loss caused by verticillium wilt Plus in kind support from plant breeders

20 Variety 1 Variety 2 Variety 3 Variety 4 Variety 5 Variety 6 Variety 7 Variety 8 Variety 9 Variety 10 Variety 11 Variety 12 Variety 13 Variety 14 Variety 15 Variety 16 Variety 17 Variety 18 Variety 19 Variety 20 Variety 21 Variety 22 Variety 23 Variety 24 Variety 25 Variety 26 Variety 27 Variety 28 Variety 29 Variety 30 Variety 31 Variety 32 Variety 33 Variety 34 Variety 35 Variety 36 Variety 37 Variety 38 Variety 39 Variety 40 Variety 41 Variety 42 Variety 43 Variety 44 Index (1-100) Varietal difference (inoculated site) NIAB results, 8 July 35 lsd = 9.74, p=

21 Variety 4 Variety 5 Variety 18 Variety 11 Variety 8 Variety 1 Variety 23 Variety 30 Variety 20 Variety 17 Variety 14 Variety 7 Variety 28 Variety 15 Variety 10 Variety 6 Variety 3 Variety 33 Variety 16 Variety 9 Variety 13 Variety 25 Variety 31 Variety 2 Variety 38 Variety 27 Variety 22 Variety 34 Variety 12 Variety 35 Variety 21 Variety 32 Variety 40 Variety 24 Variety 19 Variety 41 Variety 43 Variety 26 Variety 37 Variety 39 Variety 36 Variety 29 Variety 42 Variety 44 Index (1-100) Varietal differences (naturally infected site) ADAS results, 12 July lsd 19.89, p=

22 NIAB index (1-100) Correlation between sites R 2 = ADAS index (1-100)

23 Summary of results so far An inoculated test procedure has been developed which produced verticillium symptoms in a field trial. The inoculated test resulted in disease levels similar to those recorded in a naturally infected field test. A field scoring method was developed and used to assess varieties in each test. There was a significant correlation between disease scores from Recommended List varieties in the inoculated and naturally infected tests, indicating that reproducible differences between varieties exist. Results show that there is potential to calculate a verticillium disease rating.

24 RL have your say

25 RL survey RL survey: cereals.ahdb.org.uk/varieties

26 Discussion RL have your say

27 Thank you

28 United Oilseeds and AHDB Joint Seminar Sustainable fungicide programmes for oilseed rape Faye Ritchie, ADAS

29 Sustainable fungicide programmes for winter oilseed rape Content Review of disease pressure this season Developments from the fungicide Content performance trials Header Sclerotinia infection risk tools Fungicide programmes: Managing disease, protecting efficacy

30 Review of disease pressure this season

31 Phoma leaf spot epidemic: More severe this season Arrow = date and percentage of plants in the OSR crop with phoma leaf spot September to November % /09/ /09/ /10/ /10/ /10/ /10/ /11/ /11/2017 ADAS (Norfolk site) Source: DuPont, University of Hertfordshire, Hutchinsons

32 Light leaf spot forecast: Similar risk to last year Source: Light leaf spot forecast cereals.ahdb.org.uk/leafspots (Rothamsted Research and Weather INnovations)

33 Light leaf spot incidence (% leaf area affected) Light leaf spot: Disease pressure increasing pressure slightly higher than same time last year (Yorkshire) unincubated 2017 incubated 2018 unincubated 2018 incubated Date Cumulative scores completely untreated variety (RL rating 5). Source: ADAS

34 Light leaf spot incidence (% leaf area affected) Light leaf spot: Disease pressure increasing, particularly on susceptible varieties (Herefordshire) RL rating 5 unincubated RL rating 5 incubated RL rating 7 unincubated RL rating 7 incubated Date Actual scores completely untreated varieties. Source: ADAS

35 Developments from the OSR fungicide performance trials

36 Focus on the three major diseases: Phoma, light leaf spot and sclerotinia Target Disease Site (Variety) Organisation Phoma (Two-spray*) Light Leaf Spot (Two-spray**) Sclerotinia Stem Rot (single spray***) Norfolk Herefordshire North Yorkshire Dorset Midlothian Herefordshire Ceredigion ADAS ADAS ADAS NIAB SRUC ADAS ADAS *10-20% plants affected, followed by 4-10 weeks (when re-infection evident). ** Autumn (November/December) overspray, followed by pre/early stem extension application (February/March). ***early to mid-flowering application.

37 Products included in trials in 2017 Product Active(s) Full Dose (l/ha) Phoma Light Leaf Spot Sclerotinia Untreated Proline 275 prothioconazole Refinzar a penthiopyrad + picoxystrobin Pictor a dimoxystrobin + boscalid Filan boscalid 0.5 (kg/ha) Amistar azoxystrobin = included in trials; - = not included in trials. a = used as autumn or two-spray programme to fit experimental protocol (restrictions on label). Products near to market are tested but data cannot be released until after registration.

38 Phoma leaf spot/stem canker

39 Stem canker and yield (Norfolk) in 2016: Severe leaf spot pressure in the autumn but products performing well Canker index Yield (t/ha) Proline Filan Pictor Refinzar % 25% 50% 75% 100% Percentage of full label dose 2.4 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Percentage of full label dose

40 Phoma leaf spot/stem canker: summary Season so far Early onset of the epidemic Thresholds met in late September/ early October, in some areas Re-infection occurred 4 to 6 weeks after first sprays Fungicide efficacy Azole and nonazole products have activity Two applications in the autumn providing effective control No reports of resistance to fungicides Outlook: 2017/2018 Fungicide programmes up to date May see more stem canker pre-harvest in some crops

41 Light leaf spot

42 Light leaf spot control across years (5 trials in 2015 and 2016*) Light leaf spot severity (% leaf area affected) Yield (t/ha) Proline 275 Pictor Orius 20EW Refinzar Orius P % 25% 50% 75% 100% Percentage of full label dose 3.3 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Percentage of full label dose *Orius P in harvest year 2015 only, all other products in both years

43 Light leaf spot: Lowest levels in the spring in England since N O D A T A Percentage of crops affected N O Percentage of plants affected within crops D A T A Source: DEFRA winter oilseed rape disease surveys

44 Light leaf spot trials in 2017: Disease control and fungicide application timing (across 3 sites)* *Overspray applied in November 2016 and stem extension treatments applied in early March 2017, typically at GS30 (rosette stage: beginning of stem extension) variety RL disease ratings 5 and 6.

45 Significant yield increase from the November fungicide overspray (across 3 sites) Pre/at stem extension sprays reduced stem and pod disease severity *Overspray applied in November 2016 and stem extension treatments applied in early March 2017, typically at GS30 (rosette stage: beginning of stem extension) variety RL disease ratings 5 and 6

46 Light leaf spot: summary Season so far Earlier-sown crops more at risk Lesions reported on incubated samples in November Fungicide efficacy Both azole and nonazole products provide control in the trials Anti-resistance management strategies important Use different modes of action, where possible Outlook: 2017/2018 Regional and local risk Monitor crops now and treat promptly, if seen Levels visible in the field increasing particularly susceptible varieties

47 Sclerotinia stem rot

48 Sclerotinia risk: Herefordshire in 2017 Yellow line = duration of flowering Red points = Sklero Pro infection events Blue bars = rainfall (mm) Arrow = fungicide application date (14 April)

49 Sclerotinia index Yield (t/ha) Sclerotinia: Disease and yield in Herefordshire in Proline 275 Amistar Filan % 25% 50% 75% 100% Percentage of full label dose 3.5 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Percentage of full label dose

50 Sclerotinia index Yield (t/ha) Performance of sclerotinia fungicides across 5 sites (2015 to 2017): moderate disease pressure Proline 275 Amistar Filan Pictor % 25% 50% 75% 100% Percentage of full label dose Cross-site analysis: 5 sites 2015 to Proline 275 Amistar Filan Pictor 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Percentage of full label dose

51 Sclerotinia index (0-100) Yield (t/ha) No changes in the efficacy of sclerotinia fungicides for over 10 years: Data from 2006 to 2008 (high disease pressure: severe test of persistence) Filan Folicur Proline Amistar Compass Pictor Priori Xtra Higher doses provide consistently good control Percentage of full label dose Percentage of full label dose Cross-site analysis: 6 sites 2006 to 2008

52 Sclerotinia stem rot: summary Season so far Infection risk dependent on weather during flowering Previous history on farm can increase risk Fungicide efficacy Higher doses provide 3 weeks protection Range of active ingredients available No resistance to sclerotinia fungicides reported in UK Outlook: 2017/2018 Data available on efficacy of other products from previous projects Fungicides protectant activity only Application timing important for good control

53 Sclerotinia infection risk tools

54 Sclerotinia monitoring Petal colonisation Petal stick Ascospore release Environmental and crop factors Secondary spread Host infection Depots Sclerotia germination Soil inoculum Sclerotia overwinter Sclerotia formation

55 Sclerotia germination (%) Sclerotinia germination and petal testing (March onwards) Boxworth, Cambridge Malton, N. Yorkshire Terrington, Norfolk Lothian, Scotland Deal, Kent Rosemaund, Hereford. Starcross, Devon Mar24-Mar31-Mar 07-Apr 14-Apr 21-Apr 28-Apr05-May12-May19-May26-May 2016, week beginning Source: BASF and ADAS basfrealresults.co.uk/assessing-the-threat-of-sclerotinia-3/

56 AHDB Sclerotinia monitoring: Weather risk forecast reports Spore trap Fungicide timing trial BASF sclerotial germination AHDB monitor farm Forecast weather reports at 15 sites during flowering on AHDB website Locations changed from last year SkleroPro infection event criteria local risk assessment (>7 C and 80% RH >23 hours) cereals.ahdb.org.uk/sclerotinia

57 Sclerotinia weather-based risk report

58 Fungicide programmes: Managing disease, protecting efficacy

59 Decreased sensitivity to azoles reported for Pyrenopeziza brassicae, which causes light leaf spot, in the UK Reports of reduced sensitivity to azoles in laboratory tests for light leaf spot in the UK Equivalent mutations to those conferring resistance to azoles in Z. tritici (+ novel mutations) Not seeing dramatic changes in efficacy of azoles in AHDB fungicide performance trials still effective Determine distribution of such strains and how to manage resistance development Carter et al., 2014 (Molecular Plant Pathology 15: )

60 Maximising the effective life of fungicides for the control of oilseed rape diseases through improved resistance management Determine the risk of fungicide resistance affecting fungicides used to control oilseed rape diseases (funded by AHDB) Test which resistance management strategies are most effective at slowing fungicide resistance selection in P. brassicae (funded by AHDB) Conduct an economic analysis of fungicide anti-resistance management strategies for the industry (funded through industry contributions) AHDB Project. January 2017 June Project partners: ADAS, AHDB, Rothamsted Research, Syngenta, BASF, Bayer CropScience, DuPont, ADAMA

61 FRAG guidelines: Fungicide resistance management strategies Bury crop residues Use disease resistant varieties Target fungicides timing and dose Avoid repeated use of same mode of action Light leaf spot: may be present but not the main target consider alternative modes of action cereals.ahdb.org.uk/frag

62 Resistance management strategies: Use different modes of action, tank mix, co-formulations take a whole-programme approach Azoles, SDHI (tank mix), non-azole* and azole co-formulations Azoles and azole coformulations, non-azole coformulations (SDHI/QoI), specific growth regulator Azoles, SDHI (tank mix), QoI, non-azole co-formulations (SDHI/QoI), azole coformulations, MBC Phoma leaf spot Light leaf spot Sclerotinia Autumn February March April/May

63 Sustainable fungicide programmes for oilseed rape: Summary Light leaf spot starting to increase monitoring crops and treating promptly important for good control Strains with decreased sensitivity to azoles (light leaf spot) have been found Weather-based risk reports will be available from AHDB to guide sclerotinia decisions No changes in the performance of fungicides against sclerotinia over 10 years Consider resistance management strategies across the entire fungicide programme

64 Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2017 All Rights Reserved Version: 16:9/ a

65 United Oilseeds and AHDB Joint Seminar AHDB activity overview, including Monitor Farms and Strategic Farms Emily Smith, AHDB

66 Farm Excellence Platform Harnessing the proven benefits of farmer to farmer learning Development of business leaders who inspire improvements for the whole industry Accelerated uptake of technical tools linked to increased productivity Monitor Farms Strategic Farms Arable Business Groups Technical Events Increased numbers benchmarking and using it to drive business improvement Targeted improvement in key areas of technical importance

67 Cereals & Oilseeds Knowledge Exchange Team Gavin Dick Knowledge Exchange Manager Scotland Judith Stafford Knowledge Exchange Manager North and Northern Ireland Tim Isaac Head of Knowledge Exchange Emily Smith Knowledge Transfer Manager Harry Henderson Knowledge Exchange Manager East Midlands Richard Meredith Knowledge Exchange Manager West and Wales Louise Petrakas Knowledge Exchange Coordinator Fiona Geary Knowledge Transfer Officer Teresa Meadows Knowledge Exchange Manager East Anglia Philip Dolbear Knowledge Exchange Manager South West Paul Hill Knowledge Exchange Manager South East

68 Cereals & Oilseeds Monitor Farms (2014 to 2018) Phase 1: April 2014 March 2017 Phase 2: Oct 2014 Sep 2017 Phase 3: April 2015 March 2018 Phase 4: April 2017 March 2020 Scotland: Phase 5: currently recruiting

69 Local farmer 1 Monitor Farm Steering Group Farm agronomist Monitor Farmer Facilitator, AHDB KE Manager Local farmer 2

70 Local farmer 1 Arable Business Group Monitor Farmer Facilitator, AHDB KE Manager Local farmer 2

71 Monitor Farm Group farmer led, farmer driven

72 Meeting topics

73 Expert Experts

74 Monitor Farm try-outs

75 Taking advantage of collective knowledge DK Imperial Drilled 25 August 2016 Yield: 5t/ha 22nd overall in competition 38% of estimated crop potential Scope to increase the amount of light and water captured

76 Cereals & Oilseeds Strategic Farm East Strategic Farms are based on commercial farms to bridge the gap between research trials and practical application Six-year programme Farmer-to-farmer learning Accelerate the uptake of knowledge Explore best practice Economic analysis of each demonstration

77 Research projects to watch Clubroot Clubroot resistant varieties need to be used strategically so resistant strains build up as slowly as possible in affected fields Developing targeted management methods for clubroot through pathotyping and field mapping to establish the impact and spread of the disease in oilseed rape Rhizoctonia Initial results indicate genetic differences in resistance to Rhizoctonia solani in Brassica species Establishment loss can be recovered by an effective seed treatment Integrating control strategies against soil-borne Rhizoctonia solani in UK Oilseed rape (ICAROS)

78 Research projects to watch Light leaf spot (LLS) Differences in LLS development on varieties across different locations and seasons, suggesting difference in fungal populations across UK Large populations of spores are produced from May onwards and continue throughout summer, which is earlier than previously reported Investigating components of oilseed rape light leaf spot epidemic Identifying resistance genes in commercial OSR cultivars and exploit those which exhibit good resistance to LLS Exploitation of resistance genes from oilseed rape for control of light leaf spot (PhD)

79 Research projects to watch Forecasts Provision of oilseed rape decision support systems to the UK arable industry Forecasts produced each autumn for light leaf spot and phoma stem canker

80 Putting it into practice 1. Use an integrated approach 2. Increase awareness of soil health 3. Increase awareness of soil chemical properties 4. Increase awareness of field variations

81 Get involved cereals.ahdb.org.uk/monitorfarms #monitorfarm cereals.ahdb.org.uk/strategic-farms #strategicfarm

82 Inspiring our farmers, growers and industry to succeed in a rapidly changing world

83 United Oilseeds and AHDB Joint Seminar Brexit & the Oilseeds sector Amandeep Kaur Purewal Senior Analyst, AHDB Market Intelligence

84 Outline Potential impact of Brexit on UK rapeseed Future direction of EU/UK biodiesel production & implications

85 Brexit effect Opportunities & Challenges

86 Tariff scene setting Import price after tariff Import price Export price Export price after tariff

87 Tariff scene setting Commodity Tariff*, /t Soft wheat (low, medium quality) 95 (12 if in quota) Barley 93 (8-16 if in quota) Oats 89 Oilseed rape 0 *outside Tariff Rate Quota system or once quota limit is exhausted Source: AHDB Horizon: What might Brexit mean for UK trade in Cereals and Oilseeds

88 Gross Margin ( /Ha) If tariffs are in place 850 For crops we typically import, expect gross margin to increase as domestic price will be higher For crops we typically export, expect gross margin to decrease as domestic prices will be lower So, could see tariffs impact the UK cropping mix First winter feed wheat Second winter feed wheat Bread milling wheat Grp 3 soft wheat Winter feed barley Winter malting barley Winter milling oats Winter OSR Feed winter beans spring wheat Spring feed barley Spring malting barley Spring beans Spring oats Spring OSR Source: AHDB

89 Vegetable oils have tarrifs Commodity Rapeseed, low erucic acid (excluding seed for sowing) Rapeseed, high erucic acid Soyabeans (excluding seed for sowing) Tariff None None None Crude rapeseed oil (excluding for technical/industrial uses) 6.4% Rapeseed oil, low erucic acid (excluding crude or for technical/industrial uses) 9.6% Soyabean oil (excluding crude or for technical/industrial uses) 9.6% Crude palm oil (excluding for technical/industrial uses) 3.8% Sunflowerseed oil (excluding crude or for technical/industrial uses) 9.6% Source: Eurostat TARIC database

90 Kt UK rapeseed oil exports compared with rapeseed exports 1,400 1,200 1, Rapeseed exports Rapeseed oil exports Source: HMRC

91 Possible implications of tariffs on UK rapeseed oil UK is net exporter of rapeseed oil If a tariff was placed on exports: UK rapeseed oil price would have to move lower in order to stay competitive for export Lower oil price would negatively impact UK crush margin This in turn would lower the incentive to crush rapeseed and so impact demand and price However, tariffs could also be placed on vegetable oil imports

92 Kt UK veg oil imports substitutability? Palm oil Soybean oil Sunflower oil Other Source:

93 Jan-16 Mar-16 May-16 Jul-16 Sep-16 Nov-16 Jan-17 Mar-17 May-17 Jul-17 Sep-17 Nov-17 Jan-18 /t Potential tariffs on soyameal imports suggest the UK needs to improve its self-sufficiency in protein feed UK is net importer of rapemeal No tariff on rapemeal Tariff on soyameal: 4.5% GB animal feed demand (5-year average): Rapeseed meal and cake 688Kt Soyabean meal and cake 1,104Kt Incentive to reduce reliance on soyameal imports UK oilmeal prices Rapemeal (34%) Ex-mill Erith Soyameal, Brazilian (48%) Ex-store Liverpool Source: AHDB

94 Million tonnes Million tonnes UK and EU soyabean/soyameal imports UK imports EU imports 3.5 Soyabeans Soyameal 40 Soyabeans Soyameal / / / / /18* Source: HMRC *Forecast Source: EU

95 Biofuels Implications for rapeseed oil demand

96 Million tonnes Over 60% of EU rapeseed oil demand is for biodiesel production Feedstock used in EU biodiesel production Soya oil Rapeseed oil Palm oil Tallow Used Cooking Oil Rapeseed oil share % 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% * Forecast Source: Oil World (

97 Kt Threat to EU rapeseed oil demand as anti-dumping duties on Argentine biodiesel imports reduced Argentine biodiesel exports to the EU and USA 250 EU USA Source: Argentine Ministry of Energy

98 Journey through EU biofuel policy 2009 First RED 10% of energy used in transport to come from renewable sources by 2020 Jan 2018 RED II (European Parliament) 12% of energy used in transport to come from renewable sources by Cap for food based biofuels to remain at 7%. Member state shares must not exceed 2017 levels. Ban palm oil in biofuels from Amendment Proportion of foodbased biofuels that can contribute to 10% target capped at 7% Dec 2017 RED II (Member state level) 14% of energy used in transport to come from renewable sources by Cap for food based biofuels to remain at 7%* Clean Energy Package No overall renewable energy target in transport proposed. Proposal for reducing cap on food-based biofuels from 7% to 3.8% by 2030 * If a member state s share of foodbased biofuels is less than 7%, it qualifies for a lower overall target

99 UK biofuels policy Increase the Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation target to 9.75% in 2020 Target from to gradually increase from 9.75% to 12.4% Development fuels sub-target to gradually increase from 0.15% in 2020 to 2.8% in 2032 Cap on crop based biofuels to steadily decline from 4% in 2020 to 2% in 2032

100 Million litres Used Cooking Oil is main raw material for UK biodiesel production Consumption of biodiesel in UK road transport fuel* OSR Palm oil Soya oil Used cooking oil Other / / / / /17* Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation Year *Includes imported biodiesel RTFO reporting year runs from April April Source : Department for Transport

101 Key Points If a tariff system for trade is in place after Brexit, rapeseed will not be affected directly as there is no tariff on oilseeds However, there could be indirect consequences The need to reduce soyameal imports is already on the radar, but could be accelerated by Brexit EU biofuel policy could arguably have a larger effect on UK rapeseed than Brexit

102 Thank you

103 United Oilseeds and AHDB Joint Seminar Meeting close