Pollination of Greenhouse Crops. Jonathan Cnaani

Transcription

1 Pollination of Greenhouse Crops Jonathan Cnaani

2 Why do we need pollination management Expect to maximise fruit set Expect to maximise profitability

3 Pollinators

4 Bees - Super Pollinators Pollen Sugar

5 Bees - Super Pollinators Pollen Sugar Protein Energy

6 Bees - Super Pollinators

7 Bees - Super Pollinators

8 What type of bees are used for pollination Honeybees (Apis mellifera) Bumblebees (Bombus terrestris, Bombus impatiens) Leaf cutter bee (Megachilae rotundata) Mason bees (Osmia) Stingless bees

9 What type of bees are used for pollination Honeybees (Apis mellifera) Bumblebees (Bombus terrestris, Bombus impatiens) Leaf cutter bee (Megachilae rotundata) Mason bees (Osmia) Stingless bees

10 What type of bees are used for pollination Honeybees (Apis mellifera) Bumblebees (Bombus terrestris, Bombus impatiens) Leaf cutter bee (Megachilae rotundata) Mason bees (Osmia) Stingless bees

11 What type of bees are used for pollination Honeybees (Apis mellifera) Bumblebees (Bombus terrestris, Bombus impatiens) Leaf cutter bee (Megachilae rotundata) Mason bees (Osmia) Stingless bees

12 What type of bees are used for pollination Honeybees (Apis mellifera) Bumblebees (Bombus terrestris, Bombus impatiens) Leaf cutter bee (Megachilae rotundata) Mason bees (Osmia) Stingless bees

13 Honeybees and Bumblebees

14 Honeybees Large families Easy to transfer Long life span (perennial) Added value (honey) Very common Not active in low temp. Do not like to be in a greenhouse Too smart Can not pollinate certain crops

15 Bumblebees Active in low temp. Sensitive to high temp. Work very well in greenhouse Small families Expensive Have no scouts Limited life span (6-8 Hyperactive weeks) Can pollinate all crops No added value

16 Pollination in Greenhouses Better climate condition during the cold season Protection from pests Requirement for Biological control of pests

17 Pollination in Greenhouses Better climate condition during the cold season Protection from pests Requirement for Biological control of pests

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19 Pollination in Greenhouse - Challenges Good colony Keeping the bees active Supply enough food Pesticide

20 Pollination in Greenhouse - Challenges Good colonies Keep the bees from over heating Not too many, not too less Different crops in the same greenhouse Enemies Pesticide

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22 Pollination in Greenhouse - Challenges Good colonies Keep the bees from over heating Not too many, not too less Different crops in the same greenhouse Enemies Pesticide

23 Pollination in Greenhouse - Challenges

24 Pollination in Greenhouse - Challenges Good colonies Keep the bees from over heating Not too many, not too less Different crops in the same greenhouse Enemies Pesticide

25 Pollination in Greenhouse - Challenges

26 Pollination in Greenhouse - Challenges Good colonies Keep the bees from over heating Not too many, not too less Different crops in the same greenhouse Enemies Pesticide

27 Pollination in Greenhouse - Challenges

28 Pollination in Greenhouse - Challenges Good colonies Keep the bees from over heating Not too many, not too less Different crops in the same greenhouse Enemies Pesticide

29 Pollination in Greenhouse - Tomatoes petals anthers stigma

30 Pollination in Greenhouse - Tomatoes

31 Pollination in Greenhouse - Tomatoes

32 Pollination in Greenhouse - Tomatoes long pollination period (usually) constant blooming easy to detect pollination activity expecting 100% fruit set

33 Pollination in Greenhouse - Pepper

34 Pollination in Greenhouse - Pepper long pollination period (usually) blooming waves not easy to detect pollination activity not expecting 100% fruit set

35 Pollination in Greenhouse - Zucchini Monitoring activity

36 Pollination in Greenhouse - Zucchini short pollination period (usually) male and female flowers not easy to detect level of pollination activity not expecting 100% fruit set the bees can t feed on the pollen

37 Pollination in Greenhouse - Melons

38 Pollination in Greenhouse - Melons short pollination period not easy to detect pollination activity not expecting 100% fruit set female and male flowers

39 Summary Pollination period (if short, no room for mistakes) How to monitor and quantify bee activity What will motivate the bees to work (pollen, nectar) Are there more then one type of flowers?

40 Thanks