Technical Cooperation Project

Transcription

1 Biomass Town Workshop 27 Feb Partnership Program (JPP) Technical Cooperation Project for Improving Rural Living and Nature Conservation by Multipurpose Use of Charcoal and Wood Vinegar in Bach Ma National Park (Bach Ma Charcoal Project) Oikawa Yosei, Nguyen Vu Linh*, Hama Shugo, Pham Quang Sanh, Phan Quoc Dung, Saito Atsuko, Arima Yasuhiro, Hayashidani Hideki, Yamada Masaaki, Suzuki Sakae, To buu Luong, Ogiwara Isao, and Huynh Van Keo* Tokyo University it of fagriculture and Technology (TUAT) *Bach Ma National Park (BMNP)

2 Contents of Presentation 1. Charcoal and its applications 2. Bach Ma Charcoal Project: Project design, lessons, and challenges 2

3 1. Charcoal and Its Application 炭 / Charcoal is A black porous carbon made from biomass (as from wood by charring in a kiln from which oxygen is excluded). Porosity of charcoal provides various applications in agricultural and environmental sectors Alkali Neutralizing Acid 3 Source: FA-MAFF

4 Various functions of charcoal Non-smoke fuel Improve soil fertility Reduce fertilizer input and cost Adjust / regulate moisture indoors Adsorb bad smell Reduce diarrhea of pig, chicken, etc. Purify muddy water 4

5 Wood Vinegar (Pyroligneous acid) Byproduct from charcoal kilns: Liquid extracted from smoke (85 to 130 o C) Useful for pest management, crop growth (especially roots), animal health, etc. Need to remove tar 5

6 Structure of a Japanese kiln Smoke Firewall minimizing fuel loss Air(oxygen) supply Burning fuel Materials are heated without oxygen 6

7 Expected hot air flow Collecting vinegar Chimney Drum Type Kiln Burning fuel Carbonizing biomass 7

8 Agro-wastes: Chất (Phế) thải Nông-lâm nghiệp Rice husk Sawdust Branches pruned Bark Fallen leaves Corn cob, peanut shell, coconut shell Alternative source of charcoal (Bone, shell, eggshell for organic fertilizer) 8

9 3. Bach Ma Charcoal Project (from July 2008 to June 2011) 1. A grass roots technology transfer (dissemination / extension) from NGOs to local residents: How to make and use charcoal 2. Based on practices / experiences of Japanese farmers and animal breeders 3. Following ideas of previous projects in Indonesia since 1980s: Targeting shifting cultivators t / small farmers 9

10 Characteristics ti Target: the people in the buffer zone Alternatives es to forest resources extraction Focusing Safe Agriculture based on charcoal applications Eco-green tourism 10

11 Project Site Bach Ma National Park Source: www-tem.jrc.it/pdf_publis/ /Stibig_EUR_2003_full.pdf

12 World Cultural Heritage: Hue Palace Mt. Bach Ma (1,450m a.s.l.) viewed from the headquarters office Douc Langur (Pygathrix nemaeus ) Natural forest in the summit 12

13 Firewood is an important income in the buffer zone 13

14 First Target village: Khe Su hamlet - One of buffer zone villages bordering with the National Park - Local people depend on agricultural expansion and forest resource extraction 14

15 Revision of Project Design 1. Potential activities were listed firstly but 2. Field surveys were conducted Local needs 3. Limited budgets and human resources Finding a focus and collaborators 15

16 Original Plan 2008 Conservation and Development in the Buffer Zone through Application of Charcoal and Wood Vinegar Technology Activity 1 Extension Center & Kiln demonstrating application of charcoal and wood vinegar Activity 4 Drinking water purification device Activity 5 Animal hygiene and health control Activity 6 Water treatment t t for fish breeding in ponds and lagoon Used charcoal Wood vinegar Manure Treated water Agro-wastes Activity 7 Charcoal compost production Activity 8 Low-chemical and organic farming Activity 9 Marketing of safe products Activity 2 Extension of energyefficient charcoal making Activity 3 Dissemination of energyefficient cooking stove Improving fuel efficiency at home Reducing of illegal cutting Natural forest conservation Core zone Improving health conditions of humans and domestic animals Safe and high-quality agricultural production Sustainable fuel supply and use in the buffer zone Green Tourism in Buffer Zone & Eco-Tourism in Core Zone Income growth and improvement of social welfare in the buffer zone villages

17 Revised 2009 Conservation and Development in the Buffer Zone through Application of Charcoal and Wood Vinegar Technology Agro-wastes Activity 1 Extension Center Activity 2 Energy-efficient charcoal making and vinegar production Activity 7 Dissemination of energy- efficient cooking stove Activity 3 Charcoal compost production Activity 5 Manure and Improving fuel Animal hygiene and used charcoal coa efficiency ce cy at home health control Activity 4 Low-chemical and organic farming Activity 6 Processing & Marketing of safe products Safe and high-quality agricultural production Sustainable fuel supply and use in the buffer zone Reducing illegal cutting Natural forest conservation Core zone Green Tourism in Buffer Zone & Eco-Tourism in Core Zone Income growth and improvement of social welfare in the buffer zone villages

18 2 nd Revision 2010 Research & Demonstration with HCARD & HUAF Conservation and Development in the Buffer Zone through Application of Charcoal and Wood Vinegar Technology Activity 1 Extension Center Activity 2 Energy-efficient charcoal making and vinegar production Agro-wastes Household survey Activity 3 Charcoal Compost and Bokashi Activity 4 Safe vegetable gardening Manure Activity 6 Activity 5 Animal hygiene and health control Promotion, Processing & Marketing Safe Agricultural Education with HUAF & HCARD Safe agricultural production Green Tourism in Buffer Zone Green Tourism in Buffer Zone Income growth and improvement of social welfare in the buffer zone villages 18

19 Making wood charcoal and vinegar Making rice husk charcoal Introducing how to make Bokashi Workshops in

20 Difficulties in the field - Low market prices of charcoal, - High prices of firewood and Acacia boom - Need to develop farming skills of target villagers - Limited materials / resources in the village: Number of livestock Rice husk and straw - Need more promotion of safe agricultural products 20

21 Challenges for improving - Dissemination: More researches and demonstrations cooperated with local institutes HUAF and HCARD - Rural environment: Safe Agricultural Education - Rural living: More income options More local participation and sustainability of project activities More local human resources through the project 21

22 Strawberry Relay Cultivation linking highland and lowland Bach Ma Summit (Vernalization treatment for 40 days) Villages (Flowering and bearing fruits for 90 days) Figure: Ogiwara et al. (unpublished) 22

23 Setting up trial plots in the summit house (Oct 2009) Strawberry at the hamlet head house (March 2009) Renovated green house on the summit 23

24 Thank you / Xin cảm ơn 24