H. E. Shashidhar Professor (Genetics & Plant Breeding) Department of Biotechnology UAS, Bangalore, India

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1 Development and Release of Drought Resistant Aerobic Rice ARB 6 in India H. E. Shashidhar Professor (Genetics & Plant Breeding) Department of Biotechnology UAS, Bangalore, India

2 ARB 6 (Aerobic Rice Bangalore 6) High degree of drought resistance & productivity Bred under Direct Seeded and Aerobic conditions Extracts water from deeper layers under stress Medium duration and MS grain type No penalty on yield under well-watered condition

3 Drought Tolerance Vegetative or Reproductive stage tolerance? Both High yields under stress or well watered condition? Both Transplanting or direct seeding? Direct seeding What traits to select for? Roots, biomass and grain yield Which markers to use and how many? Confused What is the appropriate spacing, fertilizer, rotation, FYM etc To be researched

4 Breeding and Evaluation of ARB-6 Chronology Breeding Program Station and All-India Trials Evaluation of Other Parameters All-India Trials Approval and conduct of Farm trials Release Accepted at Plant Scientists meeting 2009 Release Accepted at ZARC Meeting 2009 Request for Commercialization of (ARB 6 & 8) 2009 State Variety Release 2009 Central Variety Release 2010 Commercialization in partnership with private seed sector 2011 Seed production and dissemination using UAS, Infrastructure 2011

5 Dehydrins DREB 2 Weed Competitiveness Early Vigour Tip Firing Root Morphology Water Use Efficiency Deep Root Leaf Rolling Nitrogen Use Efficiency ABA Stay Green O 18 Plant Biomass C Epicuticular Wax 13 Reactive Oxygen Scavenging Stomatal Regulation Osmotic Adjustment Leaf Drying Antheis Silking Interval Flowering Delay Earliness Stomatal Conductance Cell Wall Proteins Carbon Isotope Discrimination Ratio Permanent Wilting Point Heat Shock Proteins Grain Yield Leaf Water Potential Seedling Vigor Cell Elongation Electrolyte Leakage

6 Rice root and Plant architecture 43

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9 EVALUATION OF F 4 UNDER LMS Traits HI GY (kg/ha) WUE (kg/ha mm) W/KG* Min Max Mean SE± CV Heritability IR BUDDA * WUTOKG=Water used to produce 1 kilogram of rice

10 Data on yield from Raipur, 2006 (100 genotypes x 3 reps) Code Genotype rainfed irrigated TSD MS TSD LS ARB 3 BI a ARB 6 BI a ARB 7 BI b ARB 8 BI a ARB 8 BI a Check Swarna Check MTU b CD 5% CV %

11 Borrowed from Dr. Dave Mackill IRRI, Philippines 17

12 Borrowed from Dr. Arvind Kumar IRRI, Philippines 16

13 2007

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15 Effect of calcium silicate as a source of Si on growth and yield parameters Treatment Plant height No. of tillers Panicle length Yield (kg ha -1 ) Si content (%) Si uptake (kg ha -1 ) (cm) (cm) Grain Straw Grain Straw Grain Straw Control t ha -1 CS t ha -1 CS t ha -1 CS t ha -1 CC t ha -1 CC t ha -1 CC SEM± LSD (P=0.05) CS Calcium Silicate, CC- Calcium Carbonate

16 Effect of Si, N and their interaction on grain and straw yield Grain yield (kg ha -1 ) Straw yield (kg ha -1 ) Si (t/ha) / N Kg/ha) N 0 N 50 N 100 N 150 MEAN N 0 N 50 N 100 N 150 MEAN Si Si Si Si MEAN SEM± LSD (P=0.05) SEM± LSD (P=0.05) Main effect (Si) Sub effect (N) Si x N

17 Performance of ARB-6 in MLT over 2 locations and 3 Years Mean Swarna Mahamaya Annada Poornima IR-64 MTU1010 Vandana ARB Swarna 50.3 Mahamaya 60.4 Annada 41.2 Poornima 42.7 IR MTU Vandana 32.1 ARB Swarna 7.5 Mahamaya 11.0 Annada 29.0 Terminal Stage Drought condition Poornima 23.3 IR MTU Vandana 21.1 ARB Swarna 5.9 Mahamaya 7.0 Annada 27.3 Poornima 26.3 IR MTU Vandana 16.9 * - %age improvement over check Irrigated condition Absolutely Rainfed condition

18 Performance of ARB-6 in Participatory Varietal Selection Trail Kharif Entries V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 Avg R 6 ARB R-RF-29 (Sw/IR ) Poornima IR IR MTU V1- Kukurchunda V2 - Tarra V3- Higna V4 - Pouch V5- Sonpari V6 - Kottanpalli V7- Rasni

19 Farm Trials (Two Years; 20 Locations) Grain yield: q/ha Year Mean KVK, DBPur (5) KVK, Chintamani (3) KVK, Chintamani (3) KVK, DBPur (5) KSDA Kolar, (1) KSDA Tmkr &B lore (3) BI 33 (ARB 6) Rasi % Increase over check = 16.3

20 Mean Sensory scores of cooked aerobic rice genotypes Cooked sample Genotypes Color Grain size Texture Taste Overall acceptabilit y BI Sona Mahsuri CD (0.05)

21 Treatments Grain yield (q/ha -1 ) Straw yield (q/ha -1 ) Total WUE (kg ha cm -1 ) Genotypes (G) G 1 : BI G 2 : BI G 3 : Rasi S.Em± C.D. at 5% Planting geometry (S) S 1 : 30 x 30 cm S 2 : 45 x 20 cm S.Em± C.D. at 5% Methods of planting (M) M 1 : Direct seeding M 2 : Dapog seedlings M 3 : Transplanting S.Em± C.D. at 5% Interaction G x S S.Em± C.D. at 5% NS NS NS G x M S.Em± C.D. at 5% NS NS NS M x S S.Em± C.D. at 5% NS NS NS G x S x M S.Em±

22 Performance of ARB-6 in DBN Trials (over locations and over 3 years) Days to flowering Yield Kg/ ha (mean of six locations) ENTRY NAME Control Moderate Severe Control Moderate Severe APO ARB (15.6%) (7%) POORNIMA MTU Figure in Parenthesis indicate % increase over best check

23 Phenotype Description of the BI-33 Duration : Days to Maturity Plant Height : cm at Maturity Days to Flowering : Grain Type : Medium Slender Disease Resistance : Blast Resistant Pest Reaction : Stem borer infestation (Controllable) Rooting Depth : Deep Rooted and high WUE Agronomy Seeding : Direct Drought Resistance : Very High Puddling & Flooding : Not required (but does not hurt crop) Responsive to Fertilizer & water : Yes Potential Yield Potential : 75 q/ha Yield in Farmers Fields : q/ha (Rainfed PVS)

24 ARB-6 at farmers field ARB-6 IR-64

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