Cowpea. Biological Foundations for Management of Field Insect Pests of Cowpea in Africa. Research/Extension Efforts

Transcription

1 Biological Foundations Management of Field Insect Pests of Cowpea in Barry Pittendrigh, Ibrahim Baoua, Clementine L. Binso- Dabire, Niango M. Ba, Manu Tamo, Mohammad Ishiyaku, J. Bello, F. Seufferheldand Mamadou D Ndiaye Cowpea 1. Important protein source approximately 200 million ns 2. Major crop in West This project has been made possible through support provided to the Dry Grains Pulses Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) by the Bureau Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade, U.S. Agency International Development, under the terms of Grant No. EDH-A The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency International Development or the U.S. government. Research/Extension Efts Six major insect pest this crop in the field and in storage The damage caused by these pests can devastate farmer s livelihoods Development and deployment of Integrated Pest Management control strategies Understand the pests to develop best practices given environments Technology-based community building efts extension deployment strategies

2 I II V IPM strategies pest insect species that attack cowpea in West Maruca vitrata tools low Own language Life-history and regional movement patterns South to North migration hypothesis Endemic and migratory zones The zones make a difference in the control strategy In Niger, Nigeria, Benin, and Burkina Faso Ba et al., 2009; Baoua et al., 2011

3 Ba et al., 2009 Ba et a., 2009; Baoua et al., 2011 Genomic tools developed Approaches 1)Insects from large geographical regions were collected 2)Some were pooled and sequenced to discover polymorphisms 3)Others were tested individually to test polymorphisms and test hypotheses Genomic tools developed Genomic tools applied to understand pest populations

4 Genomic tools developed Genomic tools applied to understand pest populations Plant varieties tested (UCR) Genomic tools developed Genomic tools applied to understand pest populations Plant varieties tested Improved varieties in the hands of farmers Training programs farmers (farmer field um) Genomic tools developed Genomic tools applied to understand pest populations Host plant resistant varieties tested Improved varieties in the hands of farmers Training programs farmers Summary of findings 1)SNP and microsatellite tools developed 2)Populations compared were in keeping with South-North migration hypothesis 3)LPB constitutes minimally two different species (based on mitochondrial data) 4)Foundations laid logical biocontrol approaches the Genomic tools developed Genomic tools applied to understand pest populations Host plant resistant varieties tested Improved varieties in the hands of farmers Training programs farmers Implications Bt cowpea Recommendations based on IRM models from our field data 1)Bt cowpea can be grown in the north with minimal concerns resistance 2)If grown in the south two Bt pyramided genes would be required Huesing et al., 2011; Onstad et al., In press

5 Genomic tools developed Genomic tools applied to understand pest populations Host plant resistant varieties tested Improved varieties in the hands of farmers Training programs farmers Implications Bt cowpea Implications biocontrol Recommendations Biocontrol 1)Endemic zone extends into southern Burkina Faso 2)Biocontrol agents can be released into these areas this far north 3)In the non-endemic Northern zones a neem plus virus (MaviNPV) spray can be used safe alterative pesticide sprays just as effective as pesticides and in some cases better Understand the other pests and developing practical all pests of cowpea - Aphids - Pod sucking bugs species complex - Thrips I II V tools bio-control agents and low own language local IPM strategies I II V IPM strategies Field experiments to better understand pest populations what are the major pests in I II V IPM strategies tools bio-control agents and low own language local tools bio-control agents and low own language local

6 Field experiments to better understand pest populations what are the major pests in Bio-control agent localized testing and release I II V IPM strategies Field experiments to better understand pest populations what are the major pests in Bio-control agent localized testing and release Bio-control agents control of Maruca populations in endemic regions tested I II V IPM strategies tools bio-control agents and low own language local tools bio-control agents and low own language local Field experiments to better understand pest populations what are the major pests in Bio-control agent localized testing and release Bio-control agents control of pest populations in endemic regions tested Novel control strategy, high level of pest control, developed as or more effective than traditional pesticides neem plus virus spray I II V tools bio-control agents and low own language local IPM strategies *Kg/ha High humidity High Maruca density * Dry conditions after flowering Lower Maruca density in pods 1) Doubling of yields under both conditions 2) As good as conventional pesticides

7 Field experiments to better understand pest populations what are the major pests in Bio-control agent localized testing and release Bio-control agents control of pest populations in endemic regions tested Novel control strategy, high level of pest control, developed as or more effective than traditional pesticides neem plus virus spray Live action training videos (IITA) teaching bio-control rearing I II V tools bio-control agents and low own language local IPM strategies Field experiments to better understand pest populations what are the major pests in Bio-control agent localized testing and release Bio-control agents control of pest populations in endemic regions tested Novel control strategy, high level of pest control, developed as or more effective than traditional pesticides neem plus virus spray Live action training videos (IITA) teaching bio-control rearing Animations with voiceovers in local languages to educate people in useful in minimizing pest problems (Scientific Animations Without Borders SAWBO) I II V tools bio-control agents and low own language local IPM strategies Field experiments to better understand pest populations what are the major pests in Bio-control agent localized testing and release Bio-control agents control of pest populations in endemic regions tested Novel control strategy, high level of pest control, developed as or more effective than traditional pesticides neem plus virus spray Live action training videos (IITA) teaching bio-control rearing Animations with voiceovers in local languages to educate people in useful in minimizing pest problems (Scientific Animations Without Borders - SAWBO) Online sharing system efficient sharing of materials SAWBO site and the Sustainable Development Virtual Knowledge Interface (SusDeViKI) I II V tools bio-control agents and low own language local IPM strategies Educational Strategies Live action training videos (IITA) teaching bio-control rearing Animations with voiceovers in local languages to educate people in useful in minimizing pest problems (Scientific Animations Without Borders - SAWBO) Online sharing system efficient sharing of materials SAWBO site and the Sustainable Development Virtual Knowledge Interface I II V tools bio-control agents and low own language local IPM strategies

8 Sustainable Development Virtual Knowledge Interface (SusDeViKI) - Susdeviki.illinois.edu - Beta version in operation 1 year - System that allows easy access to extension materials e.g., extension videos in a diversity of languages - Educational materials appropriate low-literate learners in their own language (where it exists in the system) - New language variants can be added - Materials in the Beta system are in the 3gp mat cell phones - Anyone can gain access to this materials Language/variants and new ideas SusDeViKI Search all materials Cholera SEARCH

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10 (A) (B) Animations versus live action Costs of animations have dropped dramatically materials can be develop anywhere on the planet (crowd sourcing development of materials animators and experts) Characters and situations can focus on Young people tend to like animations (C) (D) SusDeViKI Search all materials Cowpea SEARCH Picture Courtesy of Dr. M. Tamo, IITA Scientific Animations Without Borders (SAWBO) Scientific Animations Without Borders (SAWBO) Evolved into a stand alone program with multiple funding sources (sawbo.illinois.edu) Evolved into a stand alone program with multiple funding sources (sawbo.illinois.edu) Four videos on the control of insect pests using cultural practices hermetic sealing, solar treating, neem sprays, and viral production (DGP-CRSP)

11 Scientific Animations Without Borders (SAWBO) Evolved into a stand alone program with multiple funding sources (sawbo.illinois.edu) Four videos on the control of insect pests using cultural practices hermetic sealing, solar treating, neem sprays, and viral production (DGP-CRSP) Medical videos major world disease (malaria, cholera, etc.) and implications U.S. medical system Scientific Animations Without Borders (SAWBO) Evolved into a stand alone program with multiple funding sources (sawbo.illinois.edu) Four videos on the control of insect pests using cultural practices hermetic sealing, solar treating, neem sprays, and viral production (DGP-CRSP) Medical videos major world disease (malaria, cholera, etc.) and implications U.S. medical system Funding from the ADM Institute the Prevention of Postharvest Loss SAWBO will soon issue a Request Proposals (RFP) animations postharvest losses Increasing Quality Decreasing costs Voiceovers Virtual interactions with host country scientists and others (crowd sourcing) Many international undergraduate and graduate student volunteers on the UIUC campus Worldwide - through the Internet s, Skype, file sharing virtual collaborators from around the planet All contributors GET CREDIT

12 FY12 1)Field testing in controlled experiments impact 2)Adding new languages through virtual network of collaborators 3)Freely accessible to the rest of the world Deployment Online (SAWBO, SusDeViKI, and Youtube) Deployment Online (SAWBO, SusDeViKI, and Youtube) Online social networking with in country development groups Video viewing clubs (VVC) m part of a creative extension program cocoa farmers in Ghana Kofi Adu Domfeh Video viewing clubs (VVC) m part of a creative extension program cocoa farmers in Ghana Kofi Adu Domfeh

13 Deployment Deployment Online (SAWBO, SusDeViKI, and Youtube) Online social networking with in country development groups Videos can be sent to educators as an attachment (3gp version cell phones) Online (SAWBO, SusDeViKI, and Youtube) Online social networking with in country development groups Videos can be sent to educators as an attachment (3gp version cell phones) Cell phones (Bluetooth transfer can be done now and SAWBO application coming soon) Video viewing clubs (VVC) m part of a creative extension program cocoa farmers in Ghana Kofi Adu Domfeh Video viewing clubs (VVC) m part of a creative extension program cocoa farmers in Ghana Kofi Adu Domfeh Deployment Deployment Online (SAWBO, SusDeViKI, and Youtube) Online social networking with in country development groups Videos can be sent to educators as an attachment (3gp version cell phones) Cell phones (Bluetooth transfer can be done now and SAWBO application coming soon) Video viewing clubs [DVDs complete library of videos in numerous languages can be created 40 cents (USD) each] Video viewing clubs (VVC) m part of a creative extension program cocoa farmers in Ghana Kofi Adu Domfeh Online (SAWBO, SusDeViKI, and Youtube) Online social networking with in country development groups Videos can be sent to educators as an attachment (3gp version cell phones) Cell phones (Bluetooth transfer can be done now and SAWBO application coming soon) Video viewing clubs [DVDs complete library of videos in numerous languages can be created 40 cents (USD) each] In country surveys suggest DVDs are a logical short term approach cell phones also useful in some countries and with some people Video viewing clubs (VVC) m part of a creative extension program cocoa farmers in Ghana Kofi Adu Domfeh

14 Deployment Online (SAWBO, SusDeViKI, and Youtube) Online social networking with in country development groups Videos can be sent to educators as an attachment (3gp version cell phones) Cell phones (Bluetooth transfer can be done now and SAWBO application coming soon) Video viewing clubs [DVDs complete library of videos in numerous languages can be created 40 cents (USD) each] In country surveys suggest DVDs are a logical short term approach cell phones also useful in some countries and with some people Integration with other programs Farmer field ums, etc. Video viewing clubs (VVC) m part of a creative extension program cocoa farmers in Ghana Kofi Adu Domfeh What we have in hand 1) An understanding of pest populations that will help us decide on the best pest control solution by region IPM strategies pest insect species that attack cowpea in West What we have in hand 1)An understanding of pest populations that will help us decide on the best pest control solution by region 2)Molecular tools to gain greater insights into pest populations and track biocontrol agents IPM strategies pest insect species that attack cowpea in West What we have in hand 1)An understanding of pest populations that will help us decide on the best pest control solution by region 2)Molecular tools to gain greater insights into pest populations and track biocontrol agents 3)Biocontrol agents that can be used to manage pest populations IPM strategies pest insect species that attack cowpea in West

15 What we have in hand 1)An understanding of pest populations that will help us decide on the best pest control solution by region 2)Molecular tools to gain greater insights into pest populations and track biocontrol agents 3)Biocontrol agents that can be used to manage pest populations 4)A neem plus viral spray that is as or more effective than traditional pesticide sprays IPM strategies pest insect species that attack cowpea in West What we have in hand 1)An understanding of pest populations that will help us decide on the best pest control solution by region 2)Molecular tools to gain greater insights into pest populations and track biocontrol agents 3)Biocontrol agents that can be used to manage pest populations 4)A neem plus viral spray that is as (or more) effective than traditional pesticide sprays 5) educators of cowpea farmers - Growing library of materials - In the language the farmers speak with no need to be literate - Tools and a program to create more content (SAWBO) IPM strategies pest insect species that attack cowpea in West Acknowledgements Collaborators & Support Pittendrigh lab Susan Balfe Dr. Weilin Sun Brett Olds Francisco Seufferheld Laura Steele Tolulope Agundiade Illinois Natural History Survey Dr. Marlis R. Douglas Dr. Michael R. Douglas UIUC International Programs Dr. Bello FUNDING Dry Grain Pulses CRSP Internal UIUC grants ADM Institute Postharvest Loss UIC Medical School INRAN, Maradi, Niger Dr. Ibrahim Baoua INERA, Burkina Faso Drm. Clementine L. Binso-Dabire Dr. Niango M. Ba Antoine Sanon IITA, Cotonou, Benin Dr. Manuele Tamo IER, Mali Mamadou D Ndiaye ABU, Zaria, Nigeria Dr. Mohammad F. Ishiyaku This project has been made possible through support provided to the Dry Grains Pulses Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) by the Bureau Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade, U.S. Agency International Development, under the terms of Grant No. EDH-A The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency International Development or the U.S. government. USDA, ARS, AMES, IOWA Dr. Richard Hellmich Dr. Brad Coates CSIRO, Australia Dr. Thomas J. Higgins Dr. Joel Armstrong AVRDC, Taiwan Dr. R. Srinivasan University of Puerto Rico Dr. Fernando Gallardo Dr. Dimuth Sirithunga Evelio Hernandez Jeniffer Pagan