New Pollinator Regula0ons. Rick Foster Department of Entomology Purdue University

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1 New Pollinator Regula0ons Rick Foster Department of Entomology Purdue University

2 Pollinators and Vegetables Pollinators are important for the produc0on of many vegetable crops Prac0ces in vegetable fields have the poten0al to impact pollinator popula0ons

3 Crops That Require Pollinators Cantaloupe Cucumber Pumpkin Squash Watermelon

4 Crops That Have BeIer Yields with Pollinators Eggplant Lima beans Okra Pepper

5 Pea Snap bean Sweet corn Tomato Crops From Which Honey Bees Collect Pollen

6 Threats to Honey Bees and Other Pollinators Parasites: Varroa mites, tracheal mites, small hive beetles Diseases Loss of habitat Stress from long range transport Pes0cides

7 Sevin Penncap M Pyrethroids Neonico0noids Abbreviated History of Insec0cides and Bees

8 Recent Research Chris0an Krupke Neonico0noid seed treatments are taken up by the talc used in plan0ng corn Talc is moved by the wind to flowering plants such as dandelions Pollinators feeding on flowers can pick up lethal dose of insec0cide Neonico0noid insec0cides are translocated to the pollen and can kill bees feeding there Neonico0noid insec0cides carryover in the soil and can contaminate crops or weeds the following season and expose pollinators

9 Recent Research Galen Dively Pumpkins Three neonico0noid insec0cides applied in bedding plant drench, transplant water, drip irriga0on, or foliar spray resulted in residues in pollen capable of harming pollinators Stoner found similar results in squash

10 Recent Research: Melons Nixon and Foster Seed Treatment FarMore (thiamethoxam) No control provided on transplanted melons Significant risks of harmful residues in pollen Clothianidin, breakdown product of thiamethoxam Bedding, transplant water, and drip treatments Admire Pro (imidacloprid), Pla0num (thiamethoxam) Both poten0al nega0ve effects Low rate as good as high rate with less residue 20 days of control for transplant water treatment Foliar sprays Assail (acetamiprid), Actara (thiamethoxam) Actara poten0al nega0ve effects - avoid Assail no known nega0ve effects- use as needed High rate 7+ days of control

11 PESTICIDE LABELS

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19 Insec0cides kill insects, including bees! Who would have guessed? Of the vegetable insec0cides 57/75 (76%) have pollinator precau0ons label 26 insec0cide modes of ac0on (IRAC) Courtesy Ric Bessin, U. Kentucky

20 EPA s Proposal to Protect Bees from Acutely Toxic Pes0cides Proposed on May 29, 2015 These restric0ons would prohibit applica0ons of most insec0cides during bloom. The proposed restric0ons would apply to all products that have: Liquid or dust formula0ons as applied Foliar use direc0ons for use on crops and Ac0ve ingredients that have been determined via tes0ng to have high toxicity for bees (less than 11 micrograms per bee)

21 Examples of Products on List Agri- Mek Orthene Assail Neem Baythroid Brigade Capture Sevin Lorsban Belay Exirel Coragen Ammo Diazinon Dimethoate Proclaim Asana Danitol Admire Avaunt Warrior Malathion Lannate Vydate Ambush/Pounce Radiant Entrust Actara/Pla0num Acramite Decis Allethrin Torac Mustang Maxx Hero

22 Examples of Products on List Agri- Mek Orthene Assail Neem Baythroid Brigade Capture Sevin Lorsban Belay Exirel Coragen Ammo Diazinon Dimethoate Proclaim Asana Danitol Admire Avaunt Warrior Malathion Lannate Vydate Ambush/Pounce Radiant Entrust Actara/Pla0num Acramite Decis Allethrin Torac Mustang Maxx Hero

23 Affected Crops Cantaloupes Cucumbers Pumpkins Squash Watermelons Sweet corn Okra Tomato Pepper Eggplant Potato Bean Pea And many more

24 Notable Facts about the Proposed Rule It does not address seed treatments for field crops, which is the primary insec0cide threat to pollinators It does not address seed treatments to vegetables, which are a threat to pollinators It does not address bedding plant treatment, soil applica0ons, or drip applica0ons of neonico0noids, which are a threat to pollinators The rule does not allow for modifica0on of use paierns, such as spraying cucurbits in the evening ajer flowers have closed and bees have lej the field

25 Rick Weinzierl

26 Ques0ons? Follow me on TwiIer at: Rick