PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION SYSTEMS: SEVENTH VOLUME

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2 PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION SYSTEMS: SEVENTH VOLUME A symposium sponsored by ASTM Committee E-35 on Pesticides Phoenix, Ariz., 5-6 Nov ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 968 G. B. Beestman, Monsanto Company, and D. I. B. Vander Hooven, The Andersons, editors ASTM Publication Code Number (PCN) <l! 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa

3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pesticide formulations and application systems. (ASTM special technical publication; 968) Papers presented at the Seventh Symposium on Pesticide Formulations and Applications Systems, held in Phoenix, Arizona, on 5-6 November "ASTM publication code number (PCN) " Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Pesticides Congresses. 2. Pesticides Application Congresses. I. Beestman, G. B. (George B.) II. Vander Hooven, David I. B. III. ASTM Committee E-35 on Pesticides. rv. Symposium on Pesticide Formulations and Apphcations Systems (7th : 1986 : Phoenix, Ariz.) V. Series. SB P ' ISBN Copyright by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1987 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: NOTE The Society is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication. Printed in Baltimore, Md. July 1987

4 Foreword The Seventh Symposium on Pesticide Formulations and AppUcation Systems was held in Phoenix, Arizona, on 5-6 November ASTM Committee E-35 on Pesticides sponsored the event. George B. Beestman, Monsanto Company, served as symposium chairman, and David I. B. Vander Hooven, The Andersons, served as symposium co-chairman. They have also edited this pubucation.

5 Related ASTM Publications Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems: Sixth Volume, STP 943 (1987), Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems: Fifth Volume, STP 915 (1986), Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems: Fourth Symposium, STP 875 (1985), Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems: Third Symposium, STP 828 (1984), Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems: Second Symposium, STP 795 (1983), Pesticide Tank Mix Applications: First Symposium, STP 764 (1982),

6 A Note of Appreciation to Reviewers The quality of the papers that appear in this pubhcation reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors but also the unheralded, though essential, work of the reviewers. On behalf of ASTM we acknowledge with appreciation their dedication to high professional standards and their sacrifice of time and effort. ASTM Committee on Publications

7 ASTM Editorial Staff Allan S. Kleinberg Janet R. Schroeder Kathleen A. Greene Bill Benzing

8 Contents Introduction 1 PERSPECTIVE ASTM Committee E-35 on Pesticides: Past, Present, and Future B. J. BUTLER 5 CLOSED MIXING, HANDLING, AND APPLICATION SYSTEMS Introduction to Session on Closed Mixing, Handling, and Application Systems ^N. B. AKESSON 13 Principles of Closed Systems for Handling of Agricultural Pesticides R. w. BRAZELTON AND N. B. AKESSON 15 Closed System Acceptance and Use in California R. RUTZ 28 Development of Devices Designed to Increase Safety During Field Handling of Pesticides D. L. ANDERSON, JR. 35 The Universal Closed System for Liquids R. REYNOLDS 43 Risk Reduction Through Use of Closed Systems: An Attainable Goal? w. w. JACOBS 47 Farm Chemical Handling, Mixing, and Loading: Worker Safety and Environmental Concerns E. C. SPURRIER 56 FORMULATIONS Nonionic Emulsifier Selection for Liquid Formulations to Obtain Compatibility with Solid Formulations w. A. KEIM 61 Methyl Esters of Fatty Acids as Pesticide Formulation and Application Aids F. L. HICKEY 67 Development of SCEPTER 1.5 ASU Formulation by Evaluation of Liquid Handling Properties R. C. KEINTZ, B. CROSS, AND G. KOVACS 75

9 APPLICATION RESEARCH A System for Examination of the Pesticide Dose Ihmsfer Process ^F. R. HALL, D. L. REICHARD, AND S. R. ALM 85 Spray Drift Deposits from Low Volume Application Using Oil and Water Carriers ^L. E. BODE AND S. B. MD. ZAIN 93 Effect of Application Rate on Droplet Size Spectra and Deposit Characteristics of Dimilin Spray Mixtures in an Aerial Spray IHal A. SUNDARAM, A. RETNAKARAN, A. G. RASKE, AND R. J. WEST 104 Characteristics of an ElectrostaticaUy Charged Air-Atomized Spray for Pesticide Application H. C. SIMMONS AND J. R. LEHTINEN 116 Economical Pesticide Application: The Reasons for Controlled Droplet Application ^T. E. BALS 133 Role of Formulation Ingredients and Physical Properties on Droplet Size Spectra, Deposition, and Persistence of Aerially Sprayed Aminocarb and Mexacarbate in Forest Litter and Soil Samples K. M. s. SUNDARAM AND A. SUNDARAM 139 Sources of Error in Estimating Efficacy of a Microbial Pesticide Agauist Aquatic Pests J. VORGETTS, JR. 152 Method for Determining Spray Penetration into Carpet D. W. BYRON AND W. H. ROBINSON 159 APPLICATION METHODS Unique Methods of Herbicide Application ^T. E. LARSEN 171 Dry Application of Water-Dispersible Granules: A Three-Year Update D. E. GANDRUD AND J. H. SKOGLUND 177 Herbicidal Root Control in Sewer Lines Requires Unique Application Techniques G. L. CUMMINGS 183 A New Pediculicide Application System for Human Mass Delousing: Analysis of Operational Characteristics and Limitations ^w. M. DARBY, L. R. BOOBAR, W. M. BROWN m, B. L. BUNNER, AND J. H. NELSON 189

10 GRANULES Production of Granular Products by Roll Compaction C. E. JOHNSON 199 Comparison of Results from ASTM Steel BaU Test (E 728) and Attrition in a Granular Applicator ^D. E. GANDRUD AND J. H. SKOGLUND 207 REGISTRATION Registration Considerations for Pesticide Formulations w. R. LANDIS 213 Author Index 225 Subject Index 227

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