Fungicide Residue Decline Curves, Herbicides Residues on Blueberries and New Herbicides for Blueberries.

Transcription

1 Fungicide Residue Decline Curves, Herbicides Residues on Blueberries and New Herbicides for Blueberries. Alan Schreiber Agriculture Development Group, Inc. Eltopia, Washington An independent, private agricultural research and information service

2 Residue Decline Curves for Blueberries or How To Meet Export Market MRLs Year Three Alan Schreiber, Tom Walters, Camille Hollaway Agriculture Development Group, Inc. Eltopia, Washington An independent, private agricultural research and information service

3 MRLs for our Trading Partners for 16 Commonly Used Blueberry Pesticides Two kinds of MRL issues. Active Ingredient Brand Name Australia Canada Codex European Union Japan Korea Taiwan United States Azoxystrobin Abound Bifenthrin Tundra Boscalid Pristine (Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin) Captan Captan 80 WDG Chlorothalonil Equus Cyprodinil Switch 62.5WG (Cyprodinil + Fludioxonil) Diazinon Diazinon 50 Wp Fenbuconazole Indar 2F Fenpropathrin Danitol Fludioxonil Switch 62.5WG (Cyprodinil + Fludioxonil) Imidacloprid Advise 2FL Iprodione Rovral Malathion Malathion 8 Aquamul Methomyl Lannate SP Pyraclostrobin Pristine (Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin) Zeta-Cypermethrin Mustang Max

4 Generating Fungicide Residue Decline Curves for Blueberries The theory is if we apply fungicides in a manner consistent with the label, sample fruit and have it tested by a good pesticide analytical lab you can generate a residue decline curve that will tell you have to meet MRLs of export market. For example, azoxystrobin (Abound) has a tolerance of 5 ppm, Canada has 3 ppm and Korea has 1 ppm. Can we work around this using fungicide decline curves? Hops, apples, pears, tree fruit and mint have done this. The WBC have successfully funded this for insecticides. WBC funded this project to generate fungicide residue decline curves in 2016, 2017 and 2018 for fungicides.

5 Experimental Design Three locations Site one was Franklin, Site 2 was Whatcom and Site 3 was Skagit. Industry representatives picked the products and the rates. Two products added in year 3 because of new registrations. Each location used the same products, same rate, same style of application equipment and tried to do every thing the same. Difference between locations just time of application, variety and local weather conditions.

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7 Shipped to Synergistic Pesticide Lab. PDX OR

8 We have data for 2016, 2017 and 2018 for Franklin, Skagit and Whatcom Counties.

9 Abound 15.5 oz - 0 BLUEBERRY USA AU CA EU HK JA KO TA Azoxystrobin

10 ½ of Pristine 23 oz - 0 BLUEBERRY USA AU CA EU HK JA KO TA Boscalid

11 1/2 of Pristine 23 oz - 0 BLUEBERRY USA AU CA EU HK JA KO TA Pyraclostrobin

12 Behold, the power of the residue decline curve! Product MRL by Country Pristine US AU CA EU HK JA KO TA pyraclostrobin boscalid pyraclostrobin should meet every MRL assuming a PHI of 7 days for HK and TA and 14 days for KO boscalid should meet every MRL for all 8 countries at day after harvest

13 2.5 quarts - 0 BLUEBERRY USA AU CA EU HK JA KO TA Captan

14 ½ of Switch 14 oz - 0 BLUEBERRY USA AU CA EU HK JA KO TA Cyprodinil NT=

15 ½ of Switch 14 oz - 0 BLUEBERRY USA AU CA EU HK JA KO TA Fludioxonil

16 Elevate 1.5 oz - 0 BLUEBERRY USA AU CA EU HK JA KO TA Fenhexamid

17 One half of Luna Tranquility 27 oz More MRLs are in the works.

18 One have of Luna Tranquility 27 oz

19 Kenja 15.5 oz BLUEBERRY USA AU CA EU HK JA KO TA Isofetamid 5 NT=0 5 NT=0 NT=0 5 7 NT=0

20 Iprodione 2 pts - 0 BLUEBERRY USA AU CA EU HK JA KO TA Iprodione NT=

21 Fontelis-will be registered soon.

22 Now that we have three years data for most fungicides used on blueberries we summarize all of this in to a more readable format.

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25 Summary A solid and useful set of three years of data. We have accomplished our objectives. Time to declare victory and go home. Terminating project. Only thing left to do is write up a final report and distribute it to the industry. Thank you for the industry support. Thank you Tom Walters, grower cooperators and Synergistic Pesticide Lab.

26 Do Herbicides Used on Blueberries Create Obstacles to Exports? Year Two Alan Schreiber, Camille Hollaway and others Agriculture Development Group, Inc. Eltopia, Washington An independent, private agricultural research and information service

27 MRLs are well known obstacles to trade MRL issues are associated with insecticides and fungicides. No one thinks about herbicides. I know I didn't. Herbicides are not sprayed on fruit. Applied prebloom for the most part. Usually herbicides are applied before even before foliage appears. So there should not be residues in fruit that is harvested months after application. Right?

28 In 2016, there were some fields of blueberries with herbicide residues that were violative of MRLs. I do not know the extent of this as a problem as growers do not like to talk about violative residues. It is my understanding the violative herbicides residues were associated with labeled use. Known issues were associated with a particular formulation of one active ingredient. So we put together a field survey in 2017.

29 2017 research plan for collecting herbicide residues. Number of fields sampled by source and product targeted # of actual # of Herbicides Source 1 Source 2 Source 3 Source 4 Source 5 Source 6 samples samples Casaron L Casaron G Spartan Diuron Simazine Devrinol Chateau Sandea 0 Callisto Matrix Velpar Total

30 Herbicide Residue Results Of the 25 samples with 10 active ingredients, representing 11 products, we have results from all of the herbicides. Ended up with 42 herbicidal applications to the 24 fields, plus one field with no history of herbicides. We had a single positive detection.

31 The detection was Casoron G Skagit County. The Skagit detection was the Casoron metabolite at ppm, applied at 80 lbs formulated product per acre. Applied in January, sampled just prior to first harvest. 196 days between application and sampling!!!!!! It is interesting that there was an identical application of Casoron G in Whatcom County. No detection of residue. Besides location, the only obvious difference is Whatcom was on peat soil and the Skagit was on clay loam. MRLs are U.S. at 0.15 ppm, Canada at 0.5 ppm, Japan is 0.0 ppm and Korea is 0.05.

32 A similar plan was executed for fields, mostly Whatcom and Skagit, 3 fields from Franklin County.

33 Casaron (Dichlobenil) Field # County Variety Soil Type Rate Form DAT Detection* 1 Whatcom Bluecrop Loam 1.0 gal/a Liquid 158 nd 2 Whatcom BlueJay Peat 26#/A G 136 nd 3 Whatcom Duke Clay loam 1 gal/a Liquid 96 nd 4 Duke G nd 5 Franklin Draper loamy sand? nd 6 Franklin Elliot loamy sand? nd 7 Franklin Draper loamy sand? nd 8? G nd 9 Reka G nd 10 Reka G nd 11 Reka Liquid nd 12 Reka Liquid nd Simazine County Variety Soil Type Rate Form DAT Detection 13 Skagit Reka Loam 26 oz/a EC 65 nd 14 Skagit Duke Loam 26 oz/a EC 60 nd Chateau (Flumioxazin) County Variety Soil Type Rate Form DAT Detection 15 Whatcom Duke Loam 2oz/A G 65 nd 16 Whatcom Duke Loam 2oz/A SG 81 nd Callisto (Mesotrione) County Variety Soil Type Rate Form DAT Detection 17 Whatcom Duke Clay loam 2 oz/a EC 74 nd 18 Whatcom Duke Clay loam 2 oz/a EC 126 nd

34 Matrix (Rimsulfuron) County Variety Soil Type Rate Form DAT Detection 19 Whatcom Duke Peat 2 oz/a SG 91 nd Diuron County Variety Soil Type Rate Form DAT Detection 20 Skagit Duke Loam 26 oz/a L 292 nd Sandea (Halosulfuron methyl) County Variety Soil Type Rate Form DAT Detection 21 Whatcom Duke Peat 2 oz/a SG 91 nd

35 Two years, a single detection We now believe that herbicides are likely not to cause MRL issues if used according to the label, with the possible exception of Casoron G. There is not current plans to continue this research. Terminal research project.

36 There is a new herbicide registered on blueberries. Alion (Bayer CropScience) This a very long residual, broad spectrum herbicide that is very effective. Has little activity against perennials or emerged weeds. Need to apply it pre emergence. At our farm, we use Roundup and Alion and that is all that is needed for the rest of the year. May not be as great a fit on the West Side, but on the East Side, this product is very effective.

37 Suppress Herbicide EC 47% capyrlic acid and 32% capric acid. Produced by Westbridge of Vista, CA. Relatively new herbicides-2018 was the first year I was aware of this product. Suppress is a non-selective, post-emergent, foliar herbicide for use in and around all food and non-food crop areas, as well as nonagricultural and industrial sites. Suppress provides effective control of annual and perennial broadleaf weeds and grasses. It works best on newly emerged weeds, ideally on weeds that are less than 6 inches in height. It costs between $70 and $52 a gallon, so at 25 gallons per acre at the high rate of 6%, it costs $78 an acre. Improved efficacy when used with an acidifier, the manufacturer recommends 1% Biolink Acidifier. More effective, use lower rate, costs less to use. West Bridge claims with acidifier 3.5% is similar to 6% without acidifier.

38 Suppress at 6%. Killing two foot tall prickly lettuce.

39 Suppress at 4.5% against established field bindweed.

40 Suppress at 6.0% against field bindweed. Untreated on the left, treated on the right.

41 Weed Slayer Manufactured by Agro Research International LLC, Sorrento, FL. Non selective herbicide that is not regulated as a pesticide as it is exempt under Section 25b of FIFRA. Broad spectrum natural herbicide made from a eugenol from an essential oil of clove and molasses. New to the market-mid season this year. Has some unusual characteristics. Two products co packed, have to apply 1 qt of each per acre.

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43 Weed Slayer Apply at the rate of quart per acre of each product (but you can apply eugenol at any rate because it is not regulated.) Interest in trying it at 2 to 3 quarts as a desiccant. Being tried for sucker control. $30 per quart each or $60 when mixed. So $60 an acre. Requires purchase of a co pack product that requires mixing of eugenol with two microbial products. Growers who have used this product are extremely happy with its performance. Easily controls most weeds at 6 inches or lower; controls Canada thistle at 12 inches. One of the biggest users of this product in Washington uses it in conventional crops, particularly blueberries. The grower calls it organic Roundup. Safer than Gramoxone and Roundup, better than Roundup for perennial crops.

44 Homeplate Homplate is manufacturer is Neudorff and is distributed in the U.S. by Certis. The product is 44% caprylic acid and 36% capric acid. Just received its Federal registration a month ago and is in the process of obtaining state registrations-so not legal to use yet, but will be by the 2019 use season. The price has not been established. Anecdotally, it is getting very good early reviews. Certis says that it is can be used for sucker control in apple, grapes, hops and walnuts. I believe this product could be the new standard for weed control. Can be used in organic fields.

45 % Control of Five Weed Species 12 DAA and 7 DAB Weed Species RRPW CBG Henbit CLQ Mustard Days After First/Last Applic Trt Treatment Rate Appl No. Name Rate Unit Code Untreated 0g 0e 0d 0b 0d 2 MBI lb/a ABC 38.8d 1.3e 2.5cd 0b 5c 3 MBI lb/a ABC 42.5d 2.5e 3.8cd 0b 7.5bc 4 Homeplate 4.5% v/v ABC 80b 91.3b 87.5a 70a 10b 5 Homeplate 6.0% v/v ABC 90a 95a 90a 93.8a 15a 6 Suppress 4.5% v/v ABC 10f 10d 5c 2.5b 0d 7 Suppress 6.0% v/v ABC 27.5e 10d 5c 3.8b 1.3d 8 Belchim Pelergonic 4.0% v/v ABC 50c 87.5c 82.5b 8.8b 16.3a LSD P= RRPW is red root pigweed, CBYG is barnyard grass, CLQ is Common Lambsquarter

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