Unpacking the Trade-Climate Interlinkages

Transcription

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2 ANDREI MARCU 23 May 2017 Stockholm, Sweden Unpacking the Trade-Climate Interlinkages Mitigation and Competitiveness- International Responses Andrei MARCU, Senior Fellow, ICTSD

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4 INGRID SIDENVALL JEGOU 23 May 2017 Stockholm, Sweden Unpacking the Trade-Climate Interlinkages Clean Energy Technologies, Global Value Chains and Opportunities for Developing Countries Through Trade Ingrid SIDENVALL JEGOU, Director, Climate, Energy and Natural Resources, ICTSD

5 5 Global trade in HS Chinese exports of solar cells (specific TL) EGA and non-ega countries World Total EGA EGA Non-EGA Non-EGA Source: Vossenaar (2017) based on COMTRADE and ITC TradeMap

6 Global Installation of Solar PV Modules

7 Top Exporters and Importers of HS or PV Exporters Importers China China Chinese Taipei Japan Japan United States Malaysia Hong Kong, China Korea, Rep. Germany* Germany* Korea, Rep. Singapore United Kingdom* United States Mexico Philippines (HS02) Netherlands* Netherlands* Chinese Taipei Mexico Singapore Poland* Malaysia France* Poland* Belgium* India

8 Domestic Clean-Energy and Trade Policies can both impact supply-chains Trade Policies Clean-energy Policies Tariffs and Trade-remedy measures ( Anti-dumping and countervailing duties) Export restrictions Market access for SE service providers Measures affecting National Treatment, SE service providers Trade facilitation, transit Local content requirements REN-targets/ Renewable portfolio standards Binding commitments to reduce GHGs Carbon and energy taxes Fossil fuel subsidy reform Investment subsidies, grants Investment tax-credits Preferential finance or soft loans Income tax holidays Preferential tariffs and premiums (including feed-in tariffs) Production tax-credits/ generation-based incentives Renewable purchase obligations Renewable Energy Certification Government Procurement VAT and Sales Tax Reductions and exemptions on equipments Technical standards/ regulations/certification requirements Domestic regulatory measures-eg: Access to electricity grids

9 Solar Supply Chain

10 Export impact of the EGA for LDCs depend on final product list Source: Jensen,M.F and Baltzer,K. (2015).Authors own calculations based on data from BACI database, HS 2002 version.

11 Standards and conformity assessment in solar PV products

12 Key Standards Development Organisations for the Solar PV Industry Source: Kelley,George and Sugathan,Mahesh (2017),ICTSD.

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14 DAVID RUNNALLS 23 May 2017 Stockholm, Sweden Unpacking the Trade-Climate Interlinkages Getting the Prices Right: Energy Subsidies and Incentives and Trade David Runnalls, Chairman of the Board, ICTSD

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16 KARIN OSKARSSON 23 May 2017 Stockholm, Sweden Unpacking the Trade-Climate Interlinkages Coffee and Climate: Enabling Sustainable Value Chains and Adaptation. Brazil, Tanzania, Honduras/Guatemala/El Salvador Karin Oskarsson, Program Specialist, Sida

17 Coffee and jobs 90% produced in developing countries 70% small holders Farmers and workers employed in the sector: Brazil: 5 million Tanzania: 2+ million Central America + Mexico: 2.6 million

18 Coffee export yearly value Honduras & Guatemala: USD 1.6 billion; 7% of total export value Tanzania: USD 160 million; 2% of total export Brazil: USD 4.9 billion; 2% of total export

19 The threat Climate change

20 Coffee and climate a public private development project Empowered and resilient Organize farmers scale, improved negotiation Adaptation methods produce quality and quantity Certification schemes

21 Results - Adaptation pays

22 Results - Adaptation pays base line adaptation Gross Margin (USD/ha) Yield (kg GBE/ ha)

23 Results Phase 2 ( ) farmers trainers - Indirectly farmers - Installed capacity national coffee institutes, extension workers - New business opportunities

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