DOWNLOAD PDF INTEGRATED AGRICULTURE-AQUACULTURE IN SOUTH CHINA

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1 Chapter 1 : Hong Kong News South China Morning Post Integrated Agriculture-Aquaculture in South China: The Dike Pond System of the Zhujang Delta. By Kenneth Ruddle and Gongfu Zhong. By Kenneth Ruddle and Gongfu Zhong. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (), pp., Â (HB). Chinese embankment fish culture by Kuanhong Min and Baotong Hu Embankment fish culture, along with bamboo and mulberry culture, has been practiced in the Yangtze River delta and Pearl River delta areas of central and south China for centuries. Originally, the delta was just a waterlogged area. Farmers dug and moved soil, piling it into huge rectangular or round shapes and utilized these raised embankments for planting crops. The excavated areas became deeper, making them ideal for fish culture. Where embankments are wide enough, mulberry, bamboo, etc. Mulberry plot-fishpond In this system, which is more common in form of large-scale farming systems, the mulberry leaves are used as feed for silkworms. The sericulture provides a large variety of feeds and fertilizers for fish farming. On the other hand, the technology requires high labour input. The silkworm excreta can both serve as feed and fertilizer for fish. The cocoons contain 80 percent pupae by weight. The feed conversion ratio of pupae to fish is 2: All the feeds and manure from silkworm farming can support a good fish yield; see Figure 3 for the cycling process of the silkworm wastes. The suggested fish stocking in mulberry plot-fishpond is listed in Table 1. Stocking for mulberry plot-fishpond Bamboo plot-fishpond The produce from bamboo farming is mainly bamboo shoots. Zhangchai Township, Fusan, Guangdong province, has long been processing canned bamboo shoots. It is estimated that percent of the wastes and by-products could be used for fish farming. Wastes and by-products from a 1 ha harvest of bamboo shoots can produce about kg of fish. A modest estimate from the farmers of Zhangchai Township shows that bamboo production per hectare ranges from But when shoot production is over, the farmers harvest the old bamboo poles, totaling These can be used as firewood, construction materials for livestock pens or support materials for climbing plants see Figure 4. The mud from the bottom of the pond provides a very large amount of compound fertilizer for the bamboo plot. Therefore, the total amount of nutrients supplied by the mud cannot be fully absorbed by the plants. The farmers in Zhangchai Township realize that the shoot production is percent higher in the pond plot than in hilly areas, probably because of good ventilation in between plants and adequate water and fertilizer supply. Mud application moreover impedes the growth of wild plants and improves the soil quality. Bamboo plot-fishpond stocking rates are illustrated in Figure 5. Figure 6 shows the farming calendar in fish-sericulture-bamboo production. Issues for further consideration The mulberry-fish system has declined with industrialization in many areas of southern China because of opportunity costs of land and labour. The bamboo-fish system is dependent upon a processing industry in the vicinity. In most cases, the bamboo shoots are not the major crop. Both mulberry and bamboo systems are unusual, compared to many potential embankment crops, in that they are perennial crops. The considerable amounts of mud that need to be removed from the pond for dike crop fertilization require considerable amounts of labour. In the last ten years the practice is losing its popularity due to economic changes manifested by increased cost of labour, shifts in market demand, changes in food preferences and availability of other livelihood opportunities. The mulberry-fish system requires high labour inputs. A silk processing factory should be in the vicinity. For bamboo shoot production, there should be adequate market demand, processing facilities in the area, high rainfall and a year-round humid climate. Required nutrient inputs need to be verified depending on soil quality and plant requirements. It is unclear if additional fertilizer amounts are given to the dike crops, aside from the pond mud. Page 1

2 Chapter 2 : Wasp ARG ships in live-fire drill in South China Sea Naval Today How to Cite. Gibbon, D. (), Integrated agriculture-aquaculture in South China: The dike-pond system of the zhujiang delta Kenneth Ruddle and Gongfu Zhong Cambridge University Press,, pp. Public Admin. Four systems were identified from freshwater aquaculture farming in the Red River Delta of Vietnam. There was prevalently VAC system existence both inside and outside the residential area. The system was defined as farming diversifications and nutrient linkages among V orchard, A pond and C animal components relying on the on-farm resources and off-farm integrations and linkages with other human activities. The development of the freshwater aquaculture systems was very diverse and dynamic. The paper presented the economic efficiency and effectiveness on four freshwater fish production systems. Clear evidence was found to provide evidence that the traditional VAC system was sustainable food supply model for the developing countries. Farms operated the VAC systems could easily diversify their farming activities, foods, foodstuffs, redundant employment, and income. Especially, income diversification was a practical strategy for rural farms to reduce the vulnerability on their agricultural practices both on production and market risks. The advantages were likely to ensure that VAC systems would still be more and more important role in northern Vietnam for food security and rural development under the context of agricultural land loss by transforming progressively into urbanisation and industrialisation. The aquaculture production systems were predicted to become more intensive and uniform. Its output will, on the one hand, satisfy the growing demand of mass markets for safe animal-source products [ 5 ]. Freshwater aquaculture was acknowledged to contribute to a sustainable method to assure food security, to alleviate poverty thank to its diversification of products [ 3, 4, 6 ]. On the other hand, the ecological cooperation aquaculture Fish-Vegetable Mutualism model would be an effective way to solve the problem caused by traditional freshwater aquaculture to reduce the generation and discharge coefficient of fish pond [ 7 ]. The renewed approach in which various types of aquaculture could contribute to poverty alleviation at household, community and national levels was critical [ 8 ]. Freshwater fish contributes to Having diversely and densely populations, there was prevalent existence of freshwater aquaculture production systems in the Red River Delta-northern Vietnam and in most other populated regions in Asia [ 6, 11, 12 ]. Evolutionally, freshwater aquaculture recognized as a strategy in foods and foodstuffs sectors to improve nutritional standards as well as income generation to small-scale farming households [ 13, 14 ]. Agricultural practices were absolutely predominant in Hai Duong where rice cultivation was still a traditional and principal source of staple food and income for the community farmers. Alternative land use and livelihood options such as aquaculture, fruit production and livestock were integrated components in farming activities which created more cash income, food and foodstuffs to meet daily subsistence needs [ 15 ]. To develop the regional economy, local authorities had planned to have a land conversion that some projected areas were spent to develop freshwater aquaculture production zones, of which, they before were used to be low paddy fields that had acknowledged being unproductive and inefficient due to hardly cultivating and unstably harvesting a crop at the duration of flooding season. Statistical data and records [ ] in the region also indicated that the agricultural land was transformed rapidly into concentrated areas of aquaculture production which could provide availably more and more food and foodstuffs for this province Figures Changes in the gross output of different crop cultivation in Hai Duong Changes in livestock and fish production in Hai Duong The increasing growth of fish production was thanking to the process on both intensification and extensiveness in the region. Thus, freshwater aquaculture was recognized to be as a key role in food and foodstuffs production systems in the province since its re-establishment in The statistical data showed that aquaculture area was the most expanded in the period Figure 3. Last decades, there were a number of studies which mostly focused on the outcome of aquaculture production systems as health and nutritional sources to fish families and rural communities. They proved that the main benefits of freshwater aquaculture were directly consuming more fish by households and income generations which fish families could afford to Page 2

3 purchase other foods cheaper in markets for improving their daily intakes [ 3, ]. In addition, the availabilities of fresh fish and employment creation also benefited to surrounding villagers and urban communities with cheaper prices and affordability to get the food by wages and salaries that generated from works, jobs in the supply chain of freshwater aquaculture industry related to input services; and output marketing activities. Freshwater integrated aquaculture systems were very dynamic and diverse from small to large-scale with market oriented products [ 24 ]. In Vietnam, at first, a typical system was named as the VAC system from which a large part of the systems produces was utilized for the household subsistence. The VAC classification was often improperly used by researchers and specialists in both Vietnam and Japan. The most appropriate approach to classify the VAC farming systems was base on agricultural income at household level. Statistical data showed that aquaculture production contributed approximately 2. Sampling Design and Methodology Primary and secondary data in the study were collected and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The secondary data were provided by local government authorities, statistical agencies and institutions. The primary data was set up by two surveys of fish farms at 04 villages in Hai Duong province Table 1. Page 3

4 Chapter 3 : Philippine Navy frigate runs aground in South China Sea Jane's Integrated agriculture--aquaculture in South China: The dike-pond system of the Zhujiang delta: By K. Ruddle and G. F. Zhong. Cambridge University Press, pp. Hardback ISBN 0 0 Author & abstract. The First Asian Fisheries Forum. Manila, Philippines, Asian Fisheries Society. Integrated farming systems, training for West Bengal fisheries officers. Status and potential for increased production in the southwestern states of India. A pilot project on integrated livestock-fish-crop farming in the Southern Philippines. Waste loading, oxygen balance and production efficiency in the integrated fish farming system. Role of extension in purposeful dissemination of integrated farming system. An economic assessment of rice-fish culture in the Philippines. The Second Asian Fisheries Forum. Rice terraces and fish, integrated farming in the Philippines. An integrated fish farm in China. A study on rice-fish culture in coastal saline soils. Rice-fish culture in high rainfed coastal saline soils. The First Indian Fisheries Forum. Animal raising and plant cultivation on an integrated fish farm. An ecological foodniche concept as a proxy for fish-pond stocking rates in integrated aquacultural farming for Malaysia. Pig cum tilapia farming. Reservoir fishery management and development in Asia. Poultry farming and use of litter in integrated fish farming. General constraints in integrated farming systems and their remedies. Prospects for increasing food production in India through different systems of paddy-cum-fish culture in fresh water areas, a case study. Fingerlings production trials in rice fields in north Sumatra, Indonesia. Aquaculture research in Asia: The pond refuge in rice-fish systems. Rotational farming of rice and fish in paddles. Effect of animal manure application in fish pond on the bacterial diseases of fish and the food hygiene. Wageningen, Netherlands, Edwards, P. Integrated fish farming in China. Duck-fish integrated farming systems. Duck production science and world practice. Integrated fish farming in Thailand. Research and education for the development of integrated crop-livestock-fish farming systems in the tropics. Ecological principles of the rice-cum-fish farming system. Optimal product mix for integrated livestock-fish culture systems in limited resource farms. Recycling system in integrated plant and animal farming. Effects of different animal manures on fish farming. The First Asian Fisheries Forum, p. Rice-cum-fish cultivation in coastal paddy fields, package of practices for increasing production. Package of practices for increased production in rice-cum-fish farming system. Economics of paddy-cum-fish culture in the north eastern states of India. The First Indian Fisheries Forum, p. Effects of feeding rates on production of common carp and water quality in paddy-cum-fish culture. Concurrent rice-fish trials, comparing regular and border planting patterns. Comparative study on the effects of fresh and fermented pig manure on fish yield. Outstanding yields and profits from livestock-tilapia integrated farming. High yield but still questions, three years of animal-fish farming. Water quality in integrated livestock-fish ponds. Review on development of integrated fish farming in China. Integrated management of fish-cum-duck farming and its economic efficiency and revenue. Integrated fish-livestock-crop farming and its role in developing rural economy. Integrated livestock fish farming in India. In Research plans for integrated aquaculture, p. Prospects for coconut-cum-fish and prawn culture. Relative toxicity of certain livestock wastes for fish culture. Review on recycling of animal wastes as a source of nutrients for freshwater fish culture within an integrated livestock system. Studies on the water quality of tiger prawn, eel, and fish-cum-duck ponds in southwestern Taiwan. Spreading the word about rice-fish culture. Energy structure and efficiency of a typical Chinese integrated farm. Rlce-fish culture in China, a review. A goat-fish integrated farming system in the Philippines: Aquacultural research in Asia: Integration of aquaculture and agriculture, a route to sustainable farming systems. Drawing picture of integrated farms helps everyone: International research collaboration in rice-fish research. A fish crop may improve rice yields and ricefields. Prospects of paddy-cum-fish culture in the north eastern region of India. A guide to integrated warm water aquaculture. Fish culture integration could maximize use of resources. Rice-fish culture in North East Thailand, the diversity stability link. Small-scale integrated farming in the Philippines. Culture of Nile tilapia in paddles using chemical and commercial organic fertilizers. Culture of Page 4

5 Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in a rice-fish culture system using chemical and commercial organic fertilizers. Integrated brackishwater farm system in Indonesia. The potential of and constraints to fish culture in integrated farming systems in the Lam Pao Irrigation Project, Northeast Thailand. Effects of some manures on the growth and production of major carps in village ponds of District Birbhum, West Bengal. Integrated rice-fish culture, increased productivity from deepwater ricelands in West Bengal. The integration of aquaculture and agricultural production. Recycling of poultry droppings through tilapia fish culture. An integrated semi-intensive shrimp and livestock system in the Philippines. Control of paddy pests through biological and chemical means in paddy cum fish culture system. Some economic aspects of integrated farming systems. The economics of integrated fish farm production in the Central Plain, Rice field fish culture in rainfed agricultural development area. Integrated farming of broiler chickens with fish and shrimp in brackishwater ponds. Time to reappraise rice-fish culture. Recent advances in paddy-cum fish culture and its scope in Kerala. Fecal coliforms as index of pollutions in an integrated pig-fish farm system. Microbiological aspects in integrated fish farming systems. Rlce-fish practices in Ifugao Province, Philippines. Bangkok, Department of Livestock Development. Traditional integrated farming systems and rural development, the example of rice field fisheries in Southeast Asia. Integrated agriculture-aquaculture in South China, the dike-pond system of the Zhujiang Delta. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Environmental context and system overview. The evolution of integrated aquaculture systems. Economic evaluation of paddy-prawn integrated farming in Kerala. Integrated aquaculture-agriculture farming systems, some economic aspects. Integrated fish-livestock-crop farming system. Fish-cum-livestock farming, package of practices for increasing production. Chapter 4 : Pig toilet - Wikipedia Intensive and integrated resource management, where field crops, vegetables, trees, livestock and fish production are combined through efficient reuse of wastes, residues, by-products and external. Chapter 5 : Integrated agriculture-aquaculture: A primer Integrated Agriculture-Aquaculture in South China: The Dike-Pond System of the Zhujiang Delta [Kenneth Ruddle, Gongfu Zhong] on racedaydvl.com *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Page 5