Land sparing vs land sharing and agrobiodiversity. PAR workshop, Rome

Transcription

1 Land sparing vs land sharing and agrobiodiversity PAR workshop, Rome

2 How do we conserve biodiversity and feed 9 billion people?

3 How do we conserve biodiversity and feed 9 billion people? Land sparing Agricultural intensification on already-converted land to spare forests and other intact habitats

4 How do we conserve biodiversity and feed 9 billion people? Land sparing Agricultural intensification on already-converted land to spare forests and other intact habitats Land sharing Agroecology or wildlife-friendly farming to conserve or increase biodiversity in agricultural landscapes

5 Fischer et al The two models are based on abstract, academic arguments that do not adequately reflect the complexity of conservation and land use change. 5

6 Agrobiodiversity, Land and People: Strengthening the partnership between indigenous peoples, rural communities and scientists through PAR Aims Critically analyse the validity of the claims made in the debate Understand the effects of the two approaches on agrobiodiversity Identify knowledge gaps and areas for further investigation Discuss the views of indigenous peoples and rural communities who depend on and maintain agrobiodiversity 6

7 Agrobiodiversity, Land and People: Strengthening the partnership between indigenous peoples, rural communities and scientists through PAR The benefits of each strategy are likely to depend on the species, land use history and the biodiversity value of land among other factors Alternative approaches - e.g. reducing waste and meat consumption (Agro)biodiversity conservation practices take many different forms 7

8 The World Database on Protected Areas, UNEP, % of the world s tropical forests lie outside of protected areas and most protected areas are used by the people who live in and around them. 8

9 Biodiversity hotspots are not under formal protection. 9

10 Conclusions of the Chiang Mai workshop The debate does not address the realities of the rural communities and indigenous peoples 10

11 The complexity of conservation and land use change In reality, the complex social, political and economic forces determine land use change and management practices. Land grabs 11

12 The complexity of conservation and land use change Land rights There can be no end to forest destruction without securing forest peoples land and territorial rights 12

13 What is happening in other biomes of the world? Wetlands, deserts, mountains, oceans and grasslands? 13

14 How do we feed 9 billion people and conserve AGRObiodiversity? 14

15 How do we feed 9 billion people and conserve AGRObiodiversity? Different components, species, varieties, breeds or ecological communities can be affected in different ways Pollinators and CWR may benefit from sparing 15

16 How do we feed 9 billion people and conserve AGRObiodiversity? Different components, species, varieties, breeds or ecological communities can be affected in different ways Pollinators and CWR may benefit from sparing But at what scale? And at what scale sparing becomes sharing or other way around? 16

17 Agrobiodiversity, Land and People: Supporting agrobiodiversity maintenance and use in the context of land management decisions Project aims Together with 8 partner organisations, develop a framework that supports analysis of the consequences of land use decisions on agrobiodiversity and ecosystem services Encourage exchange of knowledge and experiences between partners Provide an opportunity to young researchers to expand their knowledge about agrobiodiversity assessment and conservation

18 Agrobiodiversity, Land and People: Supporting agrobiodiversity maintenance and use in the context of land management decisions The framework seeks to encourage greater consideration of agrobiodiversity in land use management decisions.

19 Agrobiodiversity, Land and People: Supporting agrobiodiversity maintenance and use in the context of land management decisions The framework seeks to encourage greater consideration of agrobiodiversity in land use management decisions. The framework will provide a methodology for the integration of different agrobiodiversity measures the assessment and analysis of the consequences of different land use systems for agrobiodiversity, ecosystem services and resilience in agroecosystems.

20 Agrobiodiversity, Land and People: Supporting agrobiodiversity maintenance and use in the context of land management decisions The framework seeks to encourage greater consideration of agrobiodiversity in land use management decisions. The framework will provide a methodology for the integration of different agrobiodiversity measures the assessment and analysis of the consequences of different land use systems for agrobiodiversity, ecosystem services and resilience in agroecosystems. The framework will explore: Challenges faced by local communities Changes in land use and drivers of change Agrobiodiversity and associated local knowledge The contribution of agrobiodiversity to sustainability, ecosystem function and social-ecological resilience.

21 Agrobiodiversity, Land and People: Supporting agrobiodiversity maintenance and use in the context of land management decisions Currently the framework comprises three main elements Participatory mapping of land uses/cover, agrobiodiversity and ecosystems services Description of agrobiodiversity (crops, CWR, animals, pollinators, medicinal and edible plants, soil biodiversity) Social-ecological resilience assessment

22 The development of the framework is implemented using participatory and transdisciplinary approaches.

23 The development of the framework is implemented using participatory and transdisciplinary approaches. Participatory - a partnership approach to research that involves, for example,community members, organisational representatives, and researchers in all aspects of the research process and in which all partners contribute expertise and share decision making and ownership. Transdisciplinarity - a research strategy that crosses disciplinary boundaries to create a holistic approach.

24 The steps are likely to include: 1. Identification of collaborating communities 2. Development and agreement on collaboration practices (free prior informed consent) 3. Participatory mapping 4. Workshops on social-ecological resilience 5. Focus group discussions on agrobiodiversity 6. Interviews using stratified sample of the community on agrobiodiversity 7. Surveys (e.g. pollinators) 8. Analysis and synthesis 9. Sharing results with community and the rest of the world

25 The steps are likely to include: 1. Identification of collaborating communities 2. Development and agreement on collaboration practices (free prior informed consent) 3. Participatory mapping 4. Workshops on social-ecological resilience 5. Focus group discussions on agrobiodiversity 6. Interviews using stratified sample of the community on agrobiodiversity 7. Surveys (e.g. pollinators) 8. Analysis and synthesis 9. Sharing results with community and the rest of the world

26 The steps are likely to include: 1. Identification of collaborating communities 2. Development and agreement on collaboration practices (free prior informed consent) 3. Participatory mapping 4. Workshops on social-ecological resilience 5. Focus group discussions on agrobiodiversity 6. Interviews using stratified sample of the community on agrobiodiversity 7. Surveys (e.g. pollinators) 8. Analysis and synthesis 9. Sharing results with community and the rest of the world

27 The steps are likely to include: 1. Identification of collaborating communities 2. Development and agreement on collaboration practices (free prior informed consent) 3. Participatory mapping 4. Workshops on social-ecological resilience 5. Focus group discussions on agrobiodiversity 6. Interviews using stratified sample of the community on agrobiodiversity 7. Surveys (e.g. pollinators) 8. Analysis and synthesis 9. Sharing results with community and the rest of the world

28 The steps are likely to include: 1. Identification of collaborating communities 2. Development and agreement on collaboration practices (free prior informed consent) 3. Participatory mapping 4. Workshops on social-ecological resilience 5. Focus group discussions on agrobiodiversity 6. Interviews using stratified sample of the community on agrobiodiversity 7. Surveys (e.g. pollinators) 8. Analysis and synthesis 9. Sharing results with community and the rest of the world

29 The steps are likely to include: 1. Identification of collaborating communities 2. Development and agreement on collaboration practices (free prior informed consent) 3. Participatory mapping 4. Workshops on social-ecological resilience 5. Focus group discussions on agrobiodiversity 6. Interviews using stratified sample of the community on agrobiodiversity 7. Surveys (e.g. pollinators) 8. Analysis and synthesis 9. Sharing results with community and the rest of the world

30 The steps are likely to include: 1. Identification of collaborating communities 2. Development and agreement on collaboration practices (free prior informed consent) 3. Participatory mapping 4. Workshops on social-ecological resilience 5. Focus group discussions on agrobiodiversity 6. Interviews using stratified sample of the community on agrobiodiversity 7. Surveys (e.g. pollinators) 8. Analysis and synthesis 9. Sharing results with community and the rest of the world

31 The steps are likely to include: 1. Identification of collaborating communities 2. Development and agreement on collaboration practices (free prior informed consent) 3. Participatory mapping 4. Workshops on social-ecological resilience 5. Focus group discussions on agrobiodiversity 6. Interviews using stratified sample of the community on agrobiodiversity 7. Surveys (e.g. pollinators) 8. Analysis and synthesis 9. Sharing results with community and the rest of the world

32 The steps are likely to include: 1. Identification of collaborating communities 2. Development and agreement on collaboration practices (free prior informed consent) 3. Participatory mapping 4. Workshops on social-ecological resilience 5. Focus group discussions on agrobiodiversity 6. Interviews using stratified sample of the community on agrobiodiversity 7. Surveys (e.g. pollinators) 8. Analysis and synthesis 9. Sharing results with community and the rest of the world

33 The steps are likely to include: 1. Identification of collaborating communities 2. Development and agreement on collaboration practices (free prior informed consent) 3. Participatory mapping 4. Workshops on social-ecological resilience 5. Focus group discussions on agrobiodiversity 6. Interviews using stratified sample of the community on agrobiodiversity 7. Surveys (e.g. pollinators) 8. Analysis and synthesis 9. Sharing results with community and the rest of the world

34 Why a landscape perspective? Resilience - the scales at which agrobiodiversity confers climate change resilience are multiple and interrelated Land restoration - about 1.5 million people directly affected by land degradation

35 Resilience-strengthening practices Ecosystem protection and restoration Adaptation through diversification and innovation Landscape 1 Maintenance and access to diversity Farming system 2 Species/variety A multiscale landscape approach Photos Yasuki Morimoto

36 Community-based Biodiversity Management in Rupa watershed, Nepal The scales at which agrobiodiversity confers climate change resilience are multiple and interrelated.

37 Agrobiodiversity Conservation Area A landscape approach to agrobiodiversity conservation Integrated management of genetic, species and land use diversity Watershed and land restoration Identification, conservation, management, distribution, exchange and value addition of local crop varieties, medicinal plans and fodder species Local institutions

38 Agrobiodiversity Conservation Area A landscape approach to agrobiodiversity conservation Integrated management of genetic, species and land use diversity Watershed and land restoration Identification, conservation, management, distribution, exchange and value addition of local crop varieties, medicinal plans and fodder species Local institutions

39 Multiple versions and interpretations of the landscape approach

40 Indigenous and local land use systems, agrobiodiversity and resilience

41 Grazie!

42 Grazie! Pranzo?