Crosstalk effects of environment and vineyard soil management on soil microbial diversity

Transcription

1 Crosstalk effects of environment and vineyard soil management on soil microbial diversity Michaela Griesser 1, Harald Berger 2, Astrid Forneck 1 and PromESSinG project consortium 1,, Division of Viticulture and Pomology 2 Symbiocyte 1

2 2

3 Soil microbial communities and soil functions Functions of soil microbial communities: Pathogen suppression Decomosition processes that affect soil organic matter Mineralization Preservation of SOM and aggregate stability Availability of N and other mineral nutrients Vine stress physiology and grape quality 3

4 Promoting EcoSystem Services in Grapes Management Concept for Central European Vineyard Ecosystems Hochschule Geisenheim, DE Bordeaux Sciences Agro, FR Universität Freibourg, CH Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien, AT Ovidius Universität Constanza, RO Prof. Dr. Ilona Leyer, Prof. Dr. Annette Reineke Dr. Brice Gifford Prof. Dr. Sven Bacher Prof. Dr. Astrid Forneck, Dr. Michaela Griesser Dr. Cristina Preda 4

5 Objectives Project PromESSinG How can biodiversity promote Ecosystem Services leading to higher added values? Regulating and supporting ESS Provisioning ESS Management options for pormoting biodiversity linked ESS Sustainable viticulture 5

6 PromESSinG experimental outline Cultural ESS Tourism, recreation Soil cover management Disturbance intensity Management strategies Macro-, Mesofauna Microflora Plants Mycorrhiza Biodiversity Landscape diversity Vineyard Ecosystem Supporting/Regulating ESS Soil fertility Soil stability Pest control Soil water retention Landscape Matrix Providing ESS vine vitatlity, grape quality 6

7 Experimental setup Inter-row vegetation management: Bare ground (no vegetation cover) BG Alternating ground cover AC Permanent vegetation cover CC [ Ilona Leyer, 2015, Präsentation ] 7

8 Soil parameters: vineyard, treatment effects Soil parameters: ph, P 2 O 5, K 2 O, Mg, Cu, CaCo3, C_anorg, C_tot, C_org, SOM, N_tot, CN, bulk density, %sand, %clay, %silt Strong variation between vineyards Effects of treatment smaller 8

9 Microbial community (Metagenomics) Two samples per treatment and vineyard (N=54) 0-10 cm pooled samples from inter-rows. Extraction after homogenisation with PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit Sequenzierung (Genome Quebec) mit IST (ITS4/ITS7) and 16S (515/806) primer Bioinformatic data processing: Dr. Harald Berger Quality evaluation, trimming, alignment (ubase) OTUs identification with 97% seqeunce identiy (ubase) MANOVA (adonis) from generalized UniFrac distance matrices (R, vegan) RandomForest Model (R, RandomForest) Diversity indices and ordination analyses (Canoco5) Dr. Michaela Griesser International Congress FUTURE IPM 3.0: towards a sustainable agriculture, October 2017, Riva del Garda, Italy 9

10 α-diversity (Shannon Index, H) Variation between vineyards Different bacterial and fungal α-diversity No treatment effects 10

11 Effects on basal soil respiration Increased basal soil respiration in inter-rows with permant vegetation cover (effect after 2 years) Total N and K 2 O content with strongest correlation 11

12 PCA axis 2 Forward selection RDA axis 2 α-diversity: vineyard & soil parameters Bacteria (Shannon diversity index) Bacteria (Species number) PCA axis 1 Forward selection RDA axis 1 12

13 RDA axis 2 (16%) OTU abundance: vineyard & treatment bacteria No treatment effects 20 most abundant OTUs shown OTU_34: actinobacterium OTU_1239: proteobacterium, Firmicutes bacterium Actinobacteria, Rubrobacter sp. OTU_274: Spartobacterium RDA axis 1 (23%) Dr. Michaela Griesser International Congress FUTURE IPM 3.0: towards a sustainable agriculture, October 2017, Riva del Garda, Italy 13

14 Forward selection RDA axis 2 (13%) OTU abundance: soil parameters bacteria Different influencing soil parameters Community versus taxa effects Forward selection RDA axis 1 (22%) Dr. Michaela Griesser International Congress FUTURE IPM 3.0: towards a sustainable agriculture, October 2017, Riva del Garda, Italy 14

15 Random Forest classification Random Forest: OTUs as independent variable MDI (mean decease of accuracy) No effect of treatment OTU_254: uncultured prokaryote OTU_208: Firmicutes bacterium OTU_2:crenarchaeote OTU_Acidobacterium 15

16 Literature data/results Soil microbial biogeography: Soil bacterial communities were structured with respect to soil properties and location (Burns et al 2015) Spatial distribution within vineyard (Mackie et al 2013) Sample plots showed high spatial variability and patchiness; response to highly biogeographic factors including physicochemical soil factors and plant cover (Likar et al 2017) (Mackie et al 2013) 16

17 Literature data/results Vineyard management and cover crops: Cover crop mix - strongest management factor, but hierarchical effects of recency of tillage and compost additions (Burns et al 2016) Vineyard management interacts via changing soil properties (Burns et al 2016) Conventional and ecological management with effects on communities differentially (Livak et al 2017) Disentaglement of environmental effects and habitat (Livak et al 2017) 17

18 To conlude: Experimental design: same conditions/vineyards Sampling strategies: avoid patchiness Lab experiments: controled conditions Considering hierarchical factors 18

19 This research is funded through the BiodivERsA/FACCE-JPI joint call for research proposals, with the national funder FWF Der Wissenschaftsfond. Sponsoren: Österreichische Hagelversicherung, Niederösterreichische Landwirtschaftskammer, Niederösterreichische Versicherung 19

20 and Life Sciences, Vienna Division of Viticulture and Pomoloty Dr. Michaela Griesser Prof. Dr. Astrid Forneck Dr. Michaela Griesser International Congress FUTURE IPM 3.0: towards a sustainable agriculture, October 2017, Riva del Garda, Italy 20