Rice production in Temperate Africa. Negussie Zenna ITRC March, 2017 Griffith, Australia

Transcription

1 Rice production in Temperate Africa Negussie Zenna ITRC March, 2017 Griffith, Australia

2 Table of contents Introduction Why cold matters AfricaRice Activities Protocols for cold screening Some results Challenges and opportunities

3 Introduction Rice the fourth most important crop in terms of production after sorghum, maize and millet. about 100 million people depend on it for their livelihoods. Sub-Saharan Africa has become a major player in international rice markets, accounting for 32% of global imports in 2006, at a record level of 9 million tons per year.

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5 Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice) To contribute to poverty alleviation and food security Partnership is its core principle to exploit both comparative and complementary advantage of National and International ARC Rice Task Force (TF) mechanism o Breeding, Agronomy, Processing and value addition, Mechanization, Policy, Gender (crosscutting) Rice Sector Development Hubs o Rice research products are integrated across the rice value chain to achieve development and sustainable impact

6 Rice production ecologies Rice is grown in rainfed upland and aquatic environments. The aquatic environment is sub-divided into four major ecologies: rainfed lowland, deep-water, mangrove and irrigated ecology

7 Target Traits Agronomic Traits Grain Yield Duration Plant Height Non-lodging Non-shattering Abiotic Stress Tolerance Drought Heat Cold Salinity Fe toxicity Submergence Biotic Stress Tolerance Bacterial Blight RYMV AfRGM Blast Sheath rot Stem borers Grain Quality Shape Milling % Chalkiness Amylose cont. Cooking charact. Aroma

8 Impact of Cold stress West and central Africa (double cropping) Vegetative stage cold stress Making double cropping a challenging affair East and Southern Africa The Rift valley system that marked the ESA with massive mountains have brought cooler climate with volcanic soil and orographic rainfall patter favors farming up to 3000 m asl Low temperature is experienced through out the whole cropping season at high altitudes (> 1000 masl) Reproductive stage cold stress is very important

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10 Mosaic farming system

11 Rice production area affected by cold at High altitudes in ESA country Total rice production area (ha) Area affected by cold (ha) % of cold affected rice production area Madagascar 1,700, , Rwanda 270, Burundi 85,072 54, Ethiopia 449, , Total 2,505, ,782 Source of data: NARS partners (2013)

12 Typical cold stress symptom

13 AfricaRice-STRASA Ethiopia Cameroon Congo Uganda Kenya Burundi (BTF) Rwanda Tanzania Madagascar

14 Specific Activities I. Germplasm Collection & Evaluation II. Screening Protocol Development III. Breeding Lines Development IV. Sharing the research out put with other partners through AWBTF V. Technology transfer

15 CT-Screening protocol

16 STRASA & BTF trials in different countries Burundi Ethiopia Madagascar Rwanda

17 Parameters Cold stressed Non-stressed Mean ± SE* Range Mean ± SE Range Days to Flowering 88.9 ± ± Days to Maturity ± ± Sterility (%) 83.7 ± ± Yield (t/ha) 1.0 ± ± Height (cm) 67 ± ± Panicle-Length (cm) 12.7 ± ±

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19 Release varieties through STRASA & BTF activities No Variety name Country Appealing points 1 HR Burundi Tolerance to cold & blast, high yield 2 SCRID Burundi 3 FOFIFA 183 Madagascar 4 FOFIFA 184 Madagascar 5 FOFIFA 172 (Cyuzuzo) Rwanda 6 Chomrong Dan (AKARUSHO) 7 SCRID (CYUZERE) 8 WAB189-B-B-B-8-HB 9 FOFIFA 3737 Rwanda Rwanda Ethiopia Ethiopia Tolerance to cold & blast, high yield, good grain Tolerant to cold, Early maturing, high yield Tolerant to cold, Early maturing, high yield Tolerant to cold, Early maturing, good yield Tolerant to cold, Early maturing, good yield Tolerant to cold, Early maturing, good yield Tolerant to cold, Early maturing, good yield Tolerant to cold, Early maturing, good yield 10 WAB 515-B-16A1-2 Ethiopia Tolerant to cold, Early maturing, good yield

20 No Cross combinations Appealing traits 1 Mwangaza/ Suito (RFLL) RYMV resistance, CT and blast resistance 2 Mwangaza/ Chomrong RYMV resistance and CT (RFLL) 3 Mwangaza/ Jumli Morshi RYMV resistance and CT(RFLL) 4 NERICA 1/ Suito CT, Yield, blast resistance and Aroma (UL) 5 NERICA1/ Chomrong CT, Yield and Aroma (UL) 6 NERICA 1/Jumli Morshi CT, Yield and Aroma (UL) 7 NERICA 4/ Suito CT, drought tolerance, Striga resistance, and blast resistance (RFLL/ UL) 8 NERICA 4/ Chomrong CT, drought tolerance, Striga resistance (RFLL/ UL) 9 NERICA 4/Jumli Morshi CT, drought tolerance, Striga resistance (RFLL/ UL) 10 NERICA 7 / Suito CT for uplan, Drought, blast resistance (UL) 11 WAB 450/Suito CT, blast resistance as well as yield (RFLL) 12 WAB 450/Chomrong CT and yield (RFLL) 13 WAB 450/Jumli Morshi CT and yield (RFLL) 14 WAB 189/Kunming CT and yield (RFLL) 15 MWGZA/NERICA1/CHOMRONG RYMV resistance, Aroma, and CT (UL) 16 MWGZA/KIHOGO RED/CHOMRONG Aroma, CT, RYMV resistance and Yield (RFLL) 17 SUPA/STEJARE/CHOMRONG Aroma, CT and Yield (RFLL) 18 MWANGAZA/SUPA/CHOMRONG RYMV resistance, Aroma, Yield and CT (RFLL)

21 Summary of results Obtained 1-3 ton yield advantage over the local check and parents Grain filling was of 75-90% Good grain quality (aroma, long grains and red rice) Resistance to multiple stresses (blast, RYMV, drought) Early maturing lines (early by 30 days from the local checks and parents)

22 Product development

23 White and red pericarp aromatic seeds from sister lines of Mwangaza/NERICA 1/Chomrong F4 breeding lines Short duration: Only 120 days as compared to the 160 days local variety

24 Challenges and opportunity Tools to understand the mechanism of CT Agronomy, physiology, molecular, precision and fast phenotyping protocol Nutritional analysis of CT genotypes Seed production Developing products that addresses various micro and macro social and cultural needs Upscaling the technologies to bring economic benefit to small scale farmers.

25 Not in Swiss but at Mt Kilimanjaro in Tanzaina!

26 Thank you!