Crop Advisories for Kharif-2015 (Contingency Plan/Measures) MADHYA PRADESH

Transcription

1 Crop Advisories for Kharif-2015 (Contingency Plan/Measures) MADHYA PRADESH These advisories are intended to enhance the preparedness for taking up appropriate measures in the event of deficit rainfall situations Natural Resource Management Division & Crop Science Division Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi 0

2 Crop advisories in case of delay in Onset of monsoon till July Monsoon seasonal forecast: The South Asian Climate Outlook Forum (SASCOF-6), which is a collaborative effort of national and international agencies, in their outlook for the monsoon forecast issued during 3 rd week of April,2015, indicated that Below normal rainfall is most likely during the 2015 southwest monsoon season (June September) over South Asia as a whole. This consensus outlook for the 2015 southwest monsoon rainfall over South Asia has been developed through an expert assessment of the prevailing global climate conditions and forecasts from different climate models from around the world. Belownormal rainfall is likely over broad areas of western, central and southwestern parts of South Asia and some areas in the northeastern-most parts of the region. Normal rainfall is likely over broad areas of northern and eastern parts of the region. The outlook for southwest monsoon rainfall over South Asia is shown in Fig.1. The figure illustrates the most likely categories over the region, as well as the probabilities for each category. The probabilities were derived by synthesis of the available information and expert assessment. Summary of the ESSO-IMD s Operational long range forecast: Monsoon season rainfall is likely to be 93% of the Long Period Average (LPA) with a model error of ± 5% in the first outlook issued on 22 nd April and this is revised on 2 nd June 2015 and seasonal rainfall is forecasted to be 88% of the LPA. The LPA of the season rainfall over the country as a whole for the period is 89 cm. IMD in its update on 2 nd June forecasted the rainfall amounts for different regions. The seasonal rainfall is likely to be 85% of LPA over North-West India, 90% of LPA over Central India, 92% of LPA over South peninsula and 90% of LPA over North-East India with a model error of ±8%. The rest of the country is likely to receive seasonal rainfall of 88% of LPA. This regional assessment was superimposed with districts map of India to derive information for different states (Fig. 2). 1

3 Fig 2: Region wise rainfall forecast as on 2 nd June 2015 Figure 3: Advancement of SWM 2015 as on 9 th June 2015 The progress of the monsoon as on 9 th June, 2015 (Fig. 3) indicated a delay of 3 days in the onset of monsoon over Kerala. Rainfall received during the months of March- May in many states is excess compared to normal rainfall. Much of this rainfall was received in March- April causing widespread damage to standing crops. Pre monsoon rainfall in North Eastern States was satisfactory, though delayed, and regular sowings were completed. In the Southern state of Karnataka, excess rainfall with high intensities was received during April and May helping in filling the farm ponds and tanks with reasonable water supplies. Based on the information available on forecast, the advisories for the season are given here. 2

4 Must Do Management Practices to be followed by farmers In-situ moisture conservation measures covering both soil and land management practices to be practiced. They include field bunding, ridges and furrows, conservation furrows, broad bed and furrow systems, mulches etc. Do avoid dry sowing of crops such as Cotton, Groundnut especially in shallow soils. Sowing needs to be done only when sufficient moisture is available in soil root zone. Unless 50-60mm rainfall is received over a period of 2-3 days, sowing should not be carried out. Facility of crop insurance including weather based insurance to be availed. Follow the weather advisories available for the region. General Contingent Suggestions Use medium and short duration preferably drought tolerant varieties of crops recommended for the region. Bajra: JBV-2, JBV-3, JBV-4, Hybrid HHB 67, GHB 577. Jowar: JJ938, JJ-1022, JJ-1041 CSH 17, CSH 18. Maize: JM 8, JM 12, JM-216, JM 421, Vivek-4, Vivek-17, Vivek-43, Vivek-42, Pratap hybrid-1. Til : JT-7, JT-21, TKG-21, TKG-22, TKG-36, JT-8, JTS-8, TKG-55. TKG-306, PKDS-11,GT-1,Amrit, N-32,. Arhar (Tur) : JKM 189, RVA 28, RVICPH 2671 (HY),TJT 501, ICPL-87, Moong: Pusa 9531, JM-721, KM-2195, Vishal, HUM-1, HUM-16, SML-668, LGG-460, TJM 3, TM-37. Urd : JU-3, JU-86, KU-96-3, OBG 17 (Ujala), BG 5, BG 7, LB 625, IPU2-43, KU-300, LBG 20, PU-35,PDU-1,PU-19,WBU 108. Soybean: JS 95-60, JS-93-05, RVS , JS and JS Paddy-: JR-201, JR 3-45, JR-63, JRH 4, JRH5, Anjali, BVD-109, Vandana, Sabhagi and Danteswari Sowing of urd, moong, jowar, maize, arhar, sesame should be preferred in light soils. While, soybean, arhar, moong, urd, jowar, and maize should be opted under medium soils. Heavy soils should be put under bunded rice and soybean, maize and arhar by adopting broad bed and furrow (BBF) or ridge and furrow systems. Increase the seed rate by 25% under limited moisture conditions. Later plant population could be maintained by thining. 3

5 Use of organic manures or water absorbing agrochemicals viz. hydrogel enhances moisture availability in field. Intercropping of moong, urd and soybean with maize, jowar or arhar is beneficial in medium soils. Frequent intercultural operation should be followed to remove the weeds and break the soil capillaries. Use farm wastes as mulch in between the crop rows. Foliar spray of 1-3% urea (alone or with0.5% ZnSO 4), 2% DAP, 2% 13:0:45 or 2% 19:19:19 solutions during intermittent drought and immediately after rains enhance ability of crop to withstand terminal drought and rejuvenate the crops. Give lifesaving irrigation at critical crop growth stages preferably through sprinkler or drip system, if feasible. If monsoon is delayed by mid-august, conserve moisture for rainfed Rabi crop of safflower, linseed, toria, early mustard and chickpea. Date bound crop specific contingency measures for rainfall deficit/prolonged dry spells Main crops 15 June - 15 July July 1-15 August August 1-15 September Rice (upland) Delayed onset / deficit rainfall situation Prefer medium duration varieties for delayed planting like JR-201, Danteswari, Shahbhagi, JRH-8 Rice varieties JR-353, Ananda, Purnima are suitable under SRI method wherever irrigation is available. Early season drought Re-sowing with short /medium duration varieties (NDR 8002, Kranthi, Radhe, Mahamaya, Danteshwari,JR- 201, JR-503, Poornima, Vandna, Govnida) if plant stand is low Apply FYM/compost Weeding with dora/kulpha/hand hoe in between rows and use weeds as mulch. Mid-season drought at vegetative stage Weeding with dora/kulpha/hand hoe and use weeds as mulch Apply 0.75 kg/ha as preemergence followed by 25 g/ha at days of growth in directseeded rice Make ridges after 15- Mid-season drought at reproductive stage Provide lifesaving irrigation from harvested water Weeding and use as mulch Conserve moisture for early planting of rabi pulses and oilseeds Foliar spray of urea (2%) Terminal drought Apply light irrigation for proper seed filling Harvest at physiological maturity Adopt relay cropping with short duration pulses Plan for rabi crops lentil, linseed, chickea (line sowing) and wheat 4

6 Main crops 15 June - 15 July July 1-15 August August 1-15 September Soybean Plant early maturing varieties: JS 95-60, JS 93-05, NRC 7, RVS Adopt furrow irrigation ridge bed system (FIRBs) or broad bed furrow (BBF) for planting of soybean Increase the seed rate by 25% of the recommended rate Blade harrowing (Bakhar) for moisture conservation Grow alternate crops like soybean, pigeonpea; green gram (PKV AKM 4, HUM1, RMG 492, BM 4) and black gram (Pant U 30, Pant U 3131, Jawahar Urd 3) on bunds Re-sowing of crops with short and medium duration varieties if the plant population is below the normal Adopt furrow irrigation ridge bed system (FIRBs) or broad bed furrow (BBF) for planting of soybean Practice of Dora/Kulpha/ Hand hoe in between rows and use weeds as mulch 20 lines for moisture conservation Foliar spray of urea (2%) Use hand hoe for weed management. Provide lifesaving irrigation with harvested water Provide life-saving irrigation Use hand hoe for weed management. Provide life-saving irrigation Harvest at physiological maturity Maize, Pigeon pea, Sorghum, black gram Prefer medium duration varieties of maize in deep soils (Vivek hybrid 4, Vivek maize hybrid17, HM 10, HM 4) Re-sowing of crops with short and medium duration varieties if the plant population is below 70% (maize: Navjot, HQPM-1, Vivek hybrid 4, Vivek maize Use of hand hoe for weed management. Provide life-saving irrigation with harvested water Use lower leaves in Provide life-saving irrigation Use hand hoe for weed management. Foliar spray of urea Harvest at physiological maturity, green cobs in maize (dough stage) Harvest as fodder (maize/sorghum) 5

7 Main crops 15 June - 15 July July 1-15 August August 1-15 September Pigeonpea: TT 401, JKM 189, TJT 501, JA 4, JKM 7, TJT 501 Sorghum: CSH 16, CSH 23, CSH 25, CSV 15, CSV 20, JJ 938, JJ 1041, CSV 19 SS, CSV 24SS, CSH 22SS Blackgram: Pant U 30, Jawahar Urd 3, KU 96-3, TPU 4, Jawahar Urd 2, Khargone 3 hybrid17, HM 10, HM 4), Pigeonpea: TJT 501, JA4, JKM7, TT401, ICPL 88039) in deep Soils Laxmi, Vipula, JKM 189 varieties of pigeonpea for delayed monsoon conditions Open conservation furrow for every 3-4 rows of sorghum crop Practice Dora/Kulpha/ Hand hoe in between rows and use removed weeds as mulch. maize and sorghum as mulch Foliar spray of urea (2%) Avoid top dressing of N-fertilizer till sufficient soil moisture is available Apply 100 g/ha at 25 DAS in pigeonpea, soybean and black gram (2%), MOP (2%) Avoid top dressing of N-fertilizer till sufficient soil moisture is available Harvest mature pods in blackgram Plan for relay cropping with short duration pulses Cotton Cotton can be sown up to 15 th July. Recommended varieties include JK 35, Jawahar Tapti, G.Cot DH 7, JK 2, Digvijay Mulching to conserve soil moisture Gap filling aided by pot watering 7-10 days after sowing when crop stand is less than 80% Use 20-25% higher seed rate and reduce fertilizer dose by 25% Raise cotton seedlings in polythene bags and transplant when sufficient soil moisture is available. Foliar spray of 2% DAP + 1% KCl (MOP) during critical stages of flowering and boll formation 2-3% Kaolin spray at critical stages of moisture stress Split application of N and K fertilizers Alternate furrow opening Give protective irrigation to cotton Foliar spray of 2% KNO 3/Urea/ DAP Foliar sprays (2%) of micronutrients MgSO 4, Zinc, Boron Mulching with organic waste Life-saving irrigation 6

8 Main crops 15 June - 15 July July 1-15 August August 1-15 September Avoid top dressing of fertilizers till sufficient soil moisture is available Interculture with harrow (wheel hoe) for weeding and create dust mulch Give protective irrigation wherever possible Avoid top dressing of fertilizers in cotton till sufficient soil moisture is available. Interculture and weeding, create soil mulch Give protective irrigation if possible Foliar sprays (2%) of micronutrients MgSO 4, Zinc, Boron Mulching with organic waste Open conservation furrow 7