Taking young stock rearing to the next generation GFIA EUROPE 2017 SIERT-JAN BOERSEMA - JONGVEECOACH

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1 Taking young stock rearing to the next generation GFIA EUROPE 2017 SIERT-JAN BOERSEMA - JONGVEECOACH

2 Who are JongveeCoach? Our mission: Siert-Jan Boersema Less than 5% culling and at least 800 grams daily gain during the entire rearing period by means of farmspecific advice on animal health and welfare Aagje Boersema-Kramer

3 Introduction

4 Good Farming Practices 2015: 13,3% 90-95% past 10-years unchanged Feeding Hygiene Housing Barn-climat Animal Health (treatements 2011: and11.4% prevention) Registration Increasing calf mortality?! 2014: 12.5%

5 Cumulative costs Investment in the future Source: LIBA Cashflow per month

6 Investment in the future Heifer calving at 24 mo of age, maximal expression of her genetic potential, optimal production within on-farm circumstances, further growth in development and production in the next lactions, having a good cow longevity etc etc.

7 Investment in the future Heifer calving at 24 mo of age, maximal expression of her genetic potential, optimal production within on-farm circumstances, further growth in development and production in the next lactions, having a good cow longevity etc etc.

8 Investment in the future Heifer calving at 24 mo of age, maximal expression of her genetic potential, optimal production within on-farm circumstances, further growth in development and production in the next lactions, having a good cow longevity etc etc.

9 Difference between theory and practice

10 Performance Indicators young stock rearing; f.e. 1. Culling rate in young stock rearing 2. Average growth in the milk period 3. % heifers calved for a 2nd lactation 4. % succesfully calved <24 mo

11 Old issues to improve rearing in the future Epigenetics Colostrum and milk feeding period Weaning until calving

12 Epigenetics

13 Epigenetics during gestation Environmental effects dam Switch on or off gene expression Everlasting changes Performance calf - heifer e.g. fertility heifer, size born calf, gut maturation calf, vitality calf, colostrum quality etc.

14 Epigenetics f.e. gut maturation Other mamal-species Piglets born at 91% gestation Gut growth retardation IUGR Intra Uterine Growth Restriction delayed adaptation and bacterial challenges

15 Epigenetics f.e. gut maturation Less absorption of IgG due to low RP (protein) in dry cow feed (<10). (review Quigley et al. 1998) 14% RP in dry cow ration improves immune status calf (Toghyani et al. 2015)

16 Colostrum and milk feeding period

17 Contents Colostrum Cow milk Colostrum > IgG only (1) MJ/L Gross Energy IgG Lactoferrin Insuline Glucagon Prolactine g/l g/l g/l g/l g/dl 6 2,8 81 <2 1,84 untraceable ,16 0, Groei Hormoon g/dl 1,4 <1 IGF-1 TGF- Cortisol g/dl g/dl ng/ml 310 <1 210 < Blum and Hammon, 2000; Bonnet et al., 2002; Blum and Baumrucker, 2008 Energy Resistance and development immune system Uptake glucose (4 days insuline dep.) Development f.e. gut, pancreas, ovaria Growth in and after milk period

18 Colostrum > IgG only (2) Een hogere biestopname First feeding leidt tot: 2 L colostrum 4L colostrum N Growth (kg/day; prepuberaal) 0,8 1 Age at 1st insemination 14 13,5 Survival 2nd lactation 75,3 87,1 Milkproduction 1st + 2nd lactation kg kg Prof. Anim. Scientist, 2005

19 Lactocrine hypothese Acceleated growth 1 kg/day increase in milkproduction 1st laction kg Milk period Pre-puberal fase Sobernon et al, 2012

20 The numbers tell the tale! 1500 Avarage growth milk period weaning Example from farmers study-group

21 Colostrum and milk feeding period

22 Feed efficiency rearing period Early growth most efficient! Poor forage quality = expensive feeding! Heinrichs, 2011

23 Effects of youth growth insemination moment AGE (MO) WEIGHT GROWTH/DAY

24 Total rearing cost Economics /animal AGE at 1st Calving (Y.MO)

25 In conclusion Epigenetics for good genetics 3-4 liters clean quality colostrum < 2 h after birth Management decisions based on growth

26 Thank you for your attention!