Performance of Grain Sorghum Hybrids in Louisiana, 2007

Transcription

1 Performance of Grain Sorghum Hybrids in Louisiana, 27 H.J. Rick Mascagni, Jr., Robert Bell, Kelly Arceneaux, Millie Deloach, Dustin Harrell, Jim Hayes, Steve Harrison, Clayton Hollier, David Lanclos, James Leonards, Steve Moore, Boyd Padgett, Chris Roider and Ron Regan Performance of grain sorghum hybrids is annually evaluated by Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station (LAES) researchers. The purpose of these trials is to provide to Louisiana growers, seedsmen, county agents of the Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service (LCES) and other interested individuals and organizations with unbiased performance data for commercial grain sorghum hybrids submitted for evaluation by private agencies. Results from these trials are used by the LCES for recommending hybrids. The cooperating LAES units in 27 were: Dean Lee Research Station, Alexandria; Central Research Station, Baton Rouge; Red River Research Station, Bossier City; Rice Research Station, Crowley; Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph; and Northeast Research Station-Macon Ridge Branch, Winnsboro. PROCEDURES In 27, 2 grain sorghum hybrids were entered in the LAES yield trials. Soil type, cultural practices, location summaries and weather graphs are listed prior to data tables for each location. In weather graphs, maximum and minimum temperatures are weekly averages and rainfall weekly totals. Trials were not irrigated, except at St. Joseph, where both irrigated and non-irrigated trials were conducted. Seed were treated with Concept and Gaucho and recommended LSU AgCenter cultural practices were followed at each location. The experimental design at each location was a randomized complete block design with four replications. Traits measured and rating scales are listed in Table 1. Analysis of variance and least significant differences (LSD) were computed using SAS (Statistical Analysis System). We used the protected F-test, which means LSD s were calculated only if differences among hybrids existed at the 9% confidence level. If differences were significant, an LSD at the % probability level was calculated. If the LSD(.) for yield in H.J. Rick Mascagni, Jr., Professor and Coordinator, and Robert Bell, Research Associate, Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph, LA 71366; Kelly Arceneaux and Steve Harrison, Research Associate and Professor, Agronomy Department, Baton Rouge, LA 783; Clayton Hollier, Professor, Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Baton Rouge, LA 783; Chris Roider, Farm Manager of Central Research Station, Baton Rouge, LA 783; Dustin Harrell, James Leonards and Ron Regan, Assistant Professor and Research Associates, Rice Research Station, Crowley, LA 7527; Jim Hayes, Research Associate, Red River Research Station, Bossier City, LA 71113; Boyd Padgett, Associate Professor, Macon Ridge Research Station, Winnsboro, LA 71295; and Steve Moore, David Lanclos, and Millie Deloach, Professor, Assistant Professor/Specialist, and Research Associate, Dean Lee Research Station, Alexandria, LA 7132.

2 a trial is 4 lb/acre, there is a % chance that two hybrids with a reported yield difference of 4 lb/acre are genetically equal and a 9% probability they have differences in genetic potential in that particular environment. LSD values are influenced by how well soil fertility, stand establishment, plot length, harvest efficiency and other variables are controlled and by number of replications for each hybrid or treatment. The letters NS are used in the text and tables to indicate lack of significance (not significantly different) at the % probability level. The coefficient of variation (CV) reflects the magnitude of experimental error (random variation not accounted for by hybrids and replications) in relation to the trial mean. A high CV means that relative differences among hybrids were not consistent among replications, which reduces the precision of a test. Table 1. Traits and rating scales for LAES grain sorghum performance trials. Trait Abbreviation Description Yield Yield Grain yield, lb/acre Grain moisture Grain mst Grain moisture at harvest, % Test weight Test wt Volume weight of grain, lb/bu ing date Mid-head Date of head emergence in 5% of plants, days after planting (DAP) Plant height Pl ht Plant height from ground to top of head, inches (in) exertion exert Distance between flag leaf and base of head, inches (in) type type type is a measure of head architecture, with ratings of 1-5; 1- compact, 3-intermediate, and 5-open Lodging Lo Lodging is an estimate of plants lodged that could not be harvested, % Anthracnose Blight Anth Score Rating of anthracnose symptoms on foliage and stems; where a indicates none and a 9 indicates severe symptoms. Blight Blight Rating of Fusarium Blight symptoms; where indicates no disease and a 9 indicates severe symptoms. Midge damage Midge Average percent (%) of head damaged. Bird damage Bird Average percent (%) of head damaged Average percent (%) of head affected mold Mold with black mold

3 RESULTS Yield data and other agronomic data for each location are presented in Tables 2-8. A location summary, soil type, cultural practices and weather information are listed prior to data tables for each location. Yield summary across Louisiana for 26 is presented in Table 9 and participating seed companies are listed in Table. For additional information on grain sorghum trials, please contact Dr. Rick Mascagni, Northeast Research Station, P.. Box 438, St. Joseph, LA (Ph: ; Fax: ; hmascagni@agcenter.lsu.edu); or the coordinator at a specific location (Dr. Dustin Harrell, Rice Research Station, Crowley, Ph: , Fax: , e:mail: dharrell@agcenter.lsu.edu; Dr. Steve Moore, Dean Lee Research Station, Alexandria; Ph: , Fax: , e:mail: smoore@agcenter.lsu.edu; Mr. Jim Hayes, Red River Research Station, Bossier City; Ph: , Fax , e:mail: jhayes@agcenter.lsu.edu; Dr. Steve Harrison, Central Station, Baton Rouge; Ph: , Fax , e:mail:sharrison@agcenter.lsu.edu)

4 Grain Sorghum Performance at the Dean Lee Research Station Alexandria Location Summary Grain yields ranged from 4,73 lb/a for Golden Acres GA3799 to 5,41 lb/a for DynaGro DG751B with a trial average of 4,856 lb/a (Table 2). There were thirteen hybrids with two-year averages. was relatively dry; however, moisture stress was not an issue in e and y (see below). Test weights ranged from 55.3 lb/bu for Asgrow A571 to 59.7 lb/bu for Terral TV96H81. Grain moisture and midhead date reflects the range of maturities among the hybrids. Soil Type. Norwood silt loam Row Spacing inch Seeding Rate seed/ft Fertilization.. Fall: 15 lb/a; Sidedress (5/): 15 lb N/a; Herbicides 8 oz/a (5/11); Cornerstone 32 oz/a (8/6); Insecticides. 1.2 oz/a (6/22); 2 oz/a (6/28); 2 oz/a ((7/13); Cornerstone 32 oz/a (8/6); Previous Crop... Cotton Planting Date..... April 13 Alexandria Weekly Weather 1 11 Weekly Max/Min Temperature (F) Weekly Rainfall (inches) 8- Apr 22- Apr Rainfall Max Temp Min Temp

5 Table 2.Yield performance of grain sorghum hybrids in the hybrid performance trial at Alexandria, 27. Yield Brand/hybrid 27 2-yr avg Grain mst Test wt Midhead Plant ht type exert lb/acre % lb/bu DAP in 1-5 in Dyna-Gro DG751B 5,41 6, Dekalb DKS , Dekalb DKS37-7 5,166 6, Dyna-Gro DG78B 5,161 6, Pioneer brand 84G62 5,147 6, Dyna-Gro DG758B 5, NC+ 7R34 5, Terral TV9421 5,24 6, Terral TV96H81 5,6 6, Dyna-Gro DG754B 4, Asgrow A571 4,861 6, Terral TV5 4,852 5, Asgrow A63 4, Terral TV93S72 4,741 5, Terral TV96H91 4,657 5, Dekalb DKS54-4,584 6, NC+ 7R83 4,527 5, NC+ 8R18 4, NC+ 7B51 4,199 5, Golden Acres GA3799 4, Average 4, CV, % LSD (.)

6 Grain Sorghum Performance at the Central Research Station - Baton Rouge Location Summary Grain yields were excellent, ranging from 5,647 lb/a for Golden Acres GA3799 to 7,24 lb/a for Dekalb DKS53-67 with a trial average of 6,368 lb/a (Table 3). Seventeen of the twenty hybrids tested had yields greater than 6, lb/a. There were thirteen hybrids with two-year averages. Rainfall was well distributed throughout, e, and y (see below). Anthracnose ratings ranged from for DynaGro DG758B to 8 for Pioneer brand 84G62. Although symptoms were severe, in some cases, there was little affect on grain yield. Soil Type... Commerce silt loam Row Spacing..3 inches Seeding Rate... 5 seed/ft Fertilization.... 7/12/12 Herbicides.. Pre: qt/a 2 oz/a (2 applns at heading) Previous Crop. Winter oat cover crop Planting Date....April 22 Harvest Date.... ust 6 Baton Rouge Weekly Weather 1 11 Weekly Max/Min Temperature (F) Weekly Rainfall (inches) 15- Apr 22- Apr 29- Apr Rainfall Max Temp Min Temp

7 Table 3. Yield performance of grain sorghum hybrids in the hybrid performance trial at Baton Rouge, 27. Yield Brand/hybrid 27 2-yr avg Grain mst Test wt Midhead Plant ht type exert Anth score lb/acre % lb/bu DAP in 1-5 in -9 Dekalb DKS , Dekalb DKS54-6,954 4, Dyna-Gro DG751B 6,76 5, Pioneer brand 84G62 6,663 5, Terral TV96H81 6,65 5, Dyna-Gro DG78B 6,588 5, Terral TV9421 6,585 5, NC+ 7R34 6, NC+ 8R18 6, Dyna-Gro DG758B 6, Terral TV5 6,376 5, Dekalb DKS37-7 6,247 5, Asgrow A571 6,232 5, Terral TV96H91 6,26 5, Asgrow A63 6, Terral TV93S72 6,1 5, NC+ 7R83 6,3 5, NC+ 7B51 5,981 5, Dyna-Gro DG754B 5, Golden Acres GA3799 5, Average 6, CV, % LSD (.)

8 Grain Sorghum Performance at the Red River Research Station Bossier City Location Summary Grain yields ranged from 4,273 lb/a for Golden Acres GA3799 to 5,819 lb/a for NC+ 7B51 with a trial average of 5,3 lb/a (Table 4). There are no two-year yield averages because there has been no data collected for this site since 23. Rainfall was relatively well distributed in, e, and y (see below). Mid-head dates ranged from 48 to 54 days after planting (DAP). These low mid-head dates were probably due to the relatively late planting date. Soil Type.. Moreland silty clay loam Row Spacing.4 inches Seeding Rate... 5 seed/ft Fertilization 14 lb N/a (6/11) 1 oz/a (5/21); 1.5 pt/a (6/8) post directed Previous Crop... Soybeans Planting Date Harvest Date....ust 24 Bossier City Weekly Weather Weekly Max/Min Temperature (F) Weekly Rainfall (inches) Rainfall Max Temp Min Temp

9 Table 4. Yield performance 1 of grain sorghum hybrids in the hybrid performance trial at Bossier City, 27. Brand/hybrid Yield Grain mst Test wt Midhead Plant ht type exert Bird lb/acre % lb/bu DAP in 1-5 in % NC+ 7B51 5, Pioneer brand 84G62 5, Asgrow A571 5, Dekalb DKS , Dyna-Gro DG78B 5, Terral TV93S72 5, Dyna-Gro DG751B 5, Terral TV9421 5, Terral TV96H91 5, Dekalb DKS54-5, NC+ 8R18 5, Dyna-Gro DG758B 5, NC+ 7R83 5, Asgrow A63 4, NC+ 7R34 4, Terral TV96H81 4, Dyna-Gro DG754B 4, Terral TV5 4, Dekalb DKS37-7 4, Golden Acres GA3799 4, Average 5, CV, % LSD (.) There is no two-year yield average because there has been no data collected since 23.

10 Grain Sorghum Performance at the Rice Research Station- Crowley Location Summary Grain yields ranged from 3,639 lb/a for Dekalb DKS37-7 to 5,138 lb/a for Dekalb DKS54 (Table 5). There seemed to be a good relationship for yield, bird damage, and mold. In general, as bird damage and mold increased, yields decreased. Test weights were low, ranging from 45.4 to 57.9 lb/bu with a trial average of only 53.8 lb/bu. On average, the lower test weights were associated with hybrids that had the highest incidence of mold. Soil Type.. Crowley silt loam Row Spacing..3 inches Seeding Rate seed/ft 25 lb/a (5/) 9 lb/a (5/23) Herbicides Dual Magnum pt/a pt/a (5/9) Insecticides..Mustang 3 oz/a (5/18) Mustang 4 oz/a (7/23) Previous Crop.....fallow Planting Date April 2 Harvest Date......ust 8 Crowley Weekly Weather Weekly Max/Min Temperature (F) Apr 27- Apr Weekly Rainfall (inches) Rainfall Max Temp Min Temp

11 Table 5. Yield performance of grain sorghum hybrids in the hybrid performance trial at Crowley, 27. Yield Brand/hybrid 27 2-yr avg Grain mst Test wt Midhead Plant ht type exert Bird Anth score Mold lb/acre % lb/bu DAP in 1-5 in % -9 % Dekalb DKS54-5,138 4, Pioneer brand 84G62 5,59 4, Dekalb DKS , Dyna-Gro DG758B 4, Dyna-Gro DG751B 4,758 4, NC+ 8R18 4, Terral TV96H81 4,658 4, Terral TV96H91 4,54 4, Dyna-Gro DG78B 4,476 4, Asgrow A571 4,354 3, NC+ 7R83 4,33 3, Asgrow A63 4, Golden Acres GA3799 4, Terral TV9421 4,112 3, Dyna-Gro DG754B 4, Terral TV93S72 4,42 3, NC+ 7B51 4,3 4, Terral TV5 3,863 3, NC+ 7R34 3, Dekalb DKS37-7 3,639 3, Average 4, CV, % LSD (.) NS 5 1 5

12 Non-Irrigated and Irrigated Grain Sorghum Performance at the Northeast Research Station St. Joseph Location Summary Grain yields ranged from 3,178 lb/a for Dekalb DKS37-7 to 8,7 lb/a for Dekalb DKS54- in the non-irrigated trial with a trial average of 6,2 lb/a (Table 6). In the irrigated trial, grain yields ranged from 4,625 lb/a for Dekalb DKS37-7 to 8,587 lb/a for Dekalb DKS54- with a trial average of 6,571 lb/a (Table 7). Between 3 and y 3, there was only approximately.5 inches of rain. However, rainfall was excessive in y, totaling over 16 inches. The irrigated trial received three furrow irrigations, e 7, e 22, and e 29. Bird damage was highest in the non-irrigated trial probably due to growth stage at time of highest bird pressure. During the period of greatest damage, grain in the non-irrigated trial was at late milk/early dough stage of growth. Soil Type.Sharkey clay Row Spacing. 4 inches Seeding Rate 6-7 seed/ft Fertilization Sidedress 12 lb N/a ((5/23) Herbicides.. Burndown (4/12): oz/a + qt/a+ 1 lb/a; Preemerge (5/2): Atrazine@ 3 pt/a pt/a; Layby (6/7): lb/a; Insecticides. Preemerge (5/2): 2 oz/a; Layby (6/7): Acetychlora@ 1 lb/a; At flowering: Four applns of Karate 2 oz/a; Previous Crop..Soybean Planting Date....April 3 Harvest Date...ust 15 St. Joseph Weekly Weather Weekly Max/Min Temperature (F) Apr Weekly Rainfall (inches) Rainfall MaxTemp Min Temp

13 Table 6. Yield performance of grain sorghum hybrids in the non-irrigated hybrid performance trial at St. Joseph, 27. Yield Brand/hybrid 27 2-yr avg Grain mst Test wt Midhead Plant ht type exert Bird Anth score lb/acre % lb/bu DAP in 1-5 in % -9 Dekalb DKS54-8,7 7, NC+ 8R18 8, Golden Acres GA3799 7, Dekalb DKS , Asgrow A571 7,122 6, Pioneer brand 84G62 7, 7, Dyna-Gro DG78B 6,491 6, Asgrow A63 6, NC+ 7R83 6,316 6, Terral TV5 6,175 6, Terral TV93S72 6,28 5, Terral TV96H81 6,15 6, Terral TV96H91 6,11 5, Dyna-Gro DG758B 5, Dyna-Gro DG751B 5,954 6, NC+ 7R34 5, Terral TV9421 5,223 5, NC+ 7B51 5,17 5, Dyna-Gro DG754B 4, Dekalb DK37-7 3,178 4, Average 6, CV, % LSD (.) 1,

14 Table 7. Yield performance of grain sorghum hybrids in the irrigated hybrid performance trial at St. Joseph, 27. Yield Brand/hybrid 27 2-yr avg Grain mst Test wt Midhead Plant ht type exert Bird Anth score lb/acre % lb/bu DAP in 1-5 in % -9 Dekalb DKS54-8,587 7, Pioneer brand 84G62 7,689 6, Dekal\b DKS , Golden Acres GA3799 7, Asgrow A571 7,426 6, NC+ 8R18 7, Dyna-Gro DG78B 7,43 6, NC+ 7R83 7,24 6, Terral TV96H91 6,714 6, Terral TV5 6,687 6, Asgrow A63 6, Dyna-Gro DG751B 6,281 6, Dyna-Gro DG758B 6, Terral TV96H81 6,223 6, NC+ 7R34 6, Dyna-Gro DG754B 5, Terral TV9421 5,291 6, NC+ 7B51 5,214 5, Terral TV93S72 5,213 5, Dekalb DKS37-7 4,625 5, Average 6, CV, % LSD (.) NS 5 1

15 Grain Sorghum Performance at the Macon Ridge Branch of the Northeast Research Station Winnsboro Location Summary Grain yields ranged from 4,267 lb/a for Golden Acres GA3799 to 6,392 lb/a for Pioneer brand 84G62 with a trial average of 6,392 lb/a (Table 8). There were thirteen hybrids with two-year yield averages. Rainfall was well distributed in, latter part of e, and y (see below). Test weights were excellent, ranging from 54.7 lb/bu for DynaGro DG758B to 6.5 lb/bu for DynaGro DG78B with a trial average of 58.2 lb/bu. Soil Type...Gigger silt loam Row Spacing....4 inches Seeding Rate..6-7 seed/ft Fertilization. Preplant; (3/15) lb N/a (5/22) Herbicides. Burndown: 1 qt/a (April 25); Preemerge (5/1): 3 pt/a + 1 pt/a + 1 qt/a; Insecticides. Preemerge (5/1): 2 oz/a Two applns. of 2oz/a (6/27, 7/2); Two applns. 2 oz/a (7/25, 8/9) Previous Crop.. Cotton Planting Date Harvest Date..ust 24 Winnsboro Weekly Weather Weekly Max/Min Temperature (F) Apr Weekly Rainfall (inches) Rainfall Max Temp Min Temp

16 Table 8. Yield performance of grain sorghum hybrids in the hybrid performance trial at Winnsboro, 27. Yield Brand/hybrid 27 2-yr avg Grain mst Test wt Midhead Plant ht type lb/acre % lb/bu DAP in 1-5 in Pioneer brand 84G62 6,392 5, Dekalb DKS , Terral TV5 6,63 4, NC+ 7B51 5,866 4, Terral TV96H91 5,757 5, Dekalb DKS37-7 5,729 5, Terral TV9421 5,78 4, Asgrow A63 5, NC+ 8R18 5, Terral TV93S72 5,616 4, Dyna-Gro DG754B 5, NC+ 7R83 5,53 4, Asgrow A571 5,529 4, Terral TV96H81 5,488 4, Dyna-Gro DG751B 5,315 4, Dyna-Gro DG758B 5, Dekalb DKS54-5,216 4, NC+ 7R34 5, Dyna-Gro DG78B 4,954 4, Golden Acres GA3799 4, Average 5, CV, % LSD (.) exert

17 Table 9. Summary of yield performance of grain sorghum hybrids (location average yields in descending order) at six locations entered in the 27 LAES hybrid performance trials. St. Joseph Nonirr Irr WN Brand/hybrid Alex BR BC CR Avg Dekalb DKS ,358 7,24 5,432 5,21 7,318 7,666 6,272 6,299 Pioneer brand 84G62 5,147 6,663 5,717 5,59 7, 7,689 6,392 6,252 Dekalb DKS54-4,584 6,954 5,8 5,138 8,7 8,587 5,216 6,237 NC+ 8R18 4,497 6,392 5,4 4,742 8,59 7,399 5,626 5,974 Asgrow A571 4,861 6,232 5,468 4,354 7,122 7,426 5,529 5,856 DynaGro DG78B 5,161 6,588 5,285 4,476 6,491 7,43 4,954 5,714 DynaGro DG751B 5,41 6,76 5,267 4,758 5,954 6,281 5,315 5,669 DynaGro DG758B 5,87 6,389 5,61 4,97 5,99 6,242 5,36 5,578 Terral TV96H91 4,657 6,26 5,149 4,54 6,11 6,714 5,757 5,576 NC+ 7R83 4,527 6,3 5,51 4,33 6,316 7,24 5,53 5,551 Asgrow A63 4,786 6,199 4,98 4,145 6,378 6,69 5,657 5,536 Terral TV5 4,852 6,376 4,686 3,863 6,175 6,687 6,63 5,529 Golden Acres Genetics GA3799 4,73 5,647 4,273 4,112 7,476 7,659 4,267 5,358 Terral TV9421 5,24 6,585 5,257 4,112 5,223 5,291 5,78 5,314 Terral TV93S72 4,741 6,1 5,275 4,42 6,28 5,213 5,616 5,289 NC+ 7R34 5,53 6,562 4,943 3,776 5,388 6,3 5,78 5,272 NC+ 7B51 4,199 5,981 5,819 4,3 5,17 5,214 5,866 5,161 DynaGro DG754B 4,939 5,785 4,76 4,69 4,189 5,732 5,63 5,3 Dekalb DKS37-7 5,166 6,247 4,38 3,639 3,178 4,625 5,729 4,79 Terral TV96H81 5,6 6,65 4,99 4,658 6,15 6,223 5, Average 4,856 6,368 5,94 4,39 6,175 6,571 5,549

18 Table. List of participating seed companies and hybrids tested in the LAES 26 grain sorghum hybrid performance trials. Company/Institution Brand/hybrid Golden Acres Genetics Golden Acres: 3799 P.O. Box 579 Buchanan Dam, TX 7869 Monsanto Company Asgrow: A571, A U.S. Hwy. 77 Dekalb: DKS37-7, DKS53-67, DKS54- Bishop, TX NC+ Hybrids 27 East Hillcrest Drive Mount Hope, KS 678 Pioneer Hi-Bred International 751 Memorial Pkwy SW, Suite 25 Huntsville, AL B51, 7R34, 7R83, 8R18 Pioneer brand: 84G62 Terral Seed, Inc. Terral: TV5, TV93S72, TV9421, 64 Blount St. TV96H81, TV96H91 Lake Providence, LA UAP Distribution, Inc. DynaGrow: DG751B, DG754B, DG758B, 7251 West 4 th Street DG78B Greely, CO 8634