Water and Climate Change

Transcription

1 Water and Climate Change Challenges and Solutions Hammad Naqi Khan CEO, WWF-Pakistan

2 Global Water Crisis Over 1 billion people don't have access to clean drinking water 5 million people mainly children die every year from preventable, water-related diseases this is one of the great tragedies of our time More than 2 billion people lack access to adequate sanitation

3 South Asia 4% of the world s land area 23% of global population 4.5% of water resources High economic growth One in 5 people lack improved water sources High urban growth Highest levels of hunger among population, 40% of the world s hungry Low access to energy Water Security Index 1.6 South Asia less secure Highest concentration of undernourished and underprivileged people Least food-secure sub-region

4 Water: Issues and Challenges 1. Weak Policy and Legal Framework Management 5. Ineffective floodplain management 7. Business risk and poor water stewardship 2. Water scarcity 4. Overexploitation of groundwater resources 8. Climate change impacting the hydrological cycle 3. Deteriorating water quality 6. Biodiversity loss

5 Per capita Water Availability in South Asia Country Water Availability (m 3 / capita) Pakistan 964 Afghanistan 1,491 India 1,000 Bhutan 101,960 Nepal 7,035 Sri Lanka 2,542 Bangladesh 660 Maldives 75 Source: World Bank 2014

6 to Extremely High In SAARC

7

8 South Asia WE ARE CHILDREN OF THE MONSOON! Socio-economic impact, Significant effect on the overall well-being of residents.

9 Water Cooperation in South Asia Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal and Pakistan share 20 major rivers Weak linkages, data exchange coordination and communications among stakeholders

10 Climate Change in South Asia Increase in temperature in varying degrees Changes in South Asia monsoon system-precipitation amounts, timing and spatial distribution Increase in extreme climate events increased floods and droughts Changes in Mean Annual Runoff changes in water available for agriculture, industrial and domestic use Rapid melting of snow, ice and glaciers, glacial lake outbursts

11 Germanwatch Countries Ranking - Climate Risk Index

12

13 Vulnerabilities of Coastal Areas Coastal region is vulnerable to climate change induced problems which include: Coastal erosion Sea water intrusion Droughts and floods Increased crop water requirement The Indus Delta is a fertile region located in climatically arid zone of intense heat and highly variable annual rainfall

14

15 Drought Severity Increasing droughts seen in South Asia Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) for 1900 to 2002 Source: Dai et al. 2004

16 Local Actions - Country Level Climate Change Adaptation in Water and Agriculture sectors (scientific methods) Disaster Preparedness (Floods and Droughts main focus) Water Food Energy Security nexus Rain Water Harvesting / Storage Rapid Urbanization, Water Supply, Sanitation and Wastewater Management Controlling Over exploitation of Ground Water and managing the water use Capacity building of the grass root level organizations to address water challenges (River Basin and Lower level Organizations)

17 Regional Approach (South Asia) Climate science and the projections of its various impacts are at an early stage of development in the region Enhanced cooperation between South- Asian countries is essential for improved water governance Remove deficit of trust to address deficit of water Designation of ground water protection zones for conserving ground water Minimize bureaucracy obstacles to cooperation by enacting reforms on information sharing policies Effective trans-boundary water governance in key river basins securing biodiversity and ensuring equitable access (management not just allocation )

18 Thank you We shan t save all we d like to, but we shall save a great deal more than if we had never tried. Sir Peter Scott WWF Founder wwfpak.org 2016, WWF. All photographs used in this presentation are copyright protected and courtesy of the WWF-Canon Global Photo Network and the respective photographers.