Sustainability in the livestock chain

Transcription

1 Sustainability in the livestock chain Hanna Tuomisto, Adrian Leip, Camillo De Camillis, David Pennington, Fabrice Mathieux Joint Research Centre (JRC) Institute of Environment and Sustainability (IES) YEMCO Spring Conference , Bologna

2 European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Institute of Environment and Sustainability (IES) European Commission (27 Commissioners, 36 Directorate-Generals) SG. RELEX ENTR ENV SANCO RTD JRC Institutes IES IPSC IPTS IE..

3 European Union European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES) The mission of the IES is to provide scientifictechnical support to the European Union's policies for the protection and sustainable development of the European and global environment

4 Outline of the presentation Environmental impacts of livestock production in the EU How can the environmental impact of livestock production be reduced JRC research projects

5 Part I ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

6 Planetary boundaries Safe operating space for humanity Rockström et al. (2009) Nature 461:

7 The five key threats Water quality Coastal eutrophication, nitrate in groundwater, Air quality Health effects, Cultural heritage, Crop yields, Greenhouse gas balance: Carbon losses/ sequestration, N2O and CH4 emissions, indirect effects, Soil quality: Erosion, soil compaction, acidification, Image source: ENA, photo source: Shutterstock and garyksmithphotography.c om European Nitrogen Assessment, Sutton et al., 2011 Ecosystems and biodiversity: Land use, soil eutrophication,

8 ENA: Assessing impact of nitrogen on five key threats GGELS: Quantification of EU-GHG emissions from livestock production systems

9 The contribution of livestock production to environmental impacts in the EU 8%-16% RESOURCES Land use 48% Water use 20% <5% ~40% of Nr deposition several other effects NH 3 85% ~50%

10 CO2, N2O GHG emissions of the EU livestock sector: A Life Cycle Assessment CO2 CO2 NPK CO2, CH4, N2O CO2, N2O CO2 CO2 CO2 CH4, N2O CO2 CO2 N2O CH4 CO2

11 Farm gate LCA of livestock products system boundaries Allocation required not Transport, considered in processing, GGELS retail, packaging, consumption, waste Feed transport and processing Mineral fertilizer plant protection Diesel and other fuels, electricty, heating FEED prod Crop and feed production Production of cattle, pig, poultry, sheep, goats Land agriculture Manure housing and management Source of pictures:

12 GGELS-LCA: Functional units 1 kg of milk 1 kg of eggs 1 kg carcass of meat

13 GHG emissions from livestock production in Europe Total GHG fluxes EU27: 661 Mt CO 2-eq 13% of total GHG emissions in the EU Beef % Cow Milk % 54 8% 24 4% Pork Poultry Meat Sheep and Goat Meat % 12 2% 21 3% Eggs Sheep and Goat Milk Leip et al. (2011) GGELS

14 GHG intensities of animal products made in Europe GHG fluxes [kg CO2-eq / kg product Beef Pork Sheep and goat meat Poultry meat Cow milk Sheep and Goat Milk CH 4 N 2 O Land use change CO 2 energy Land use Leip et al. (2010) Evaluation of the livestock sector's contribution to the EU greenhouse gas emissions (GGELS). Based on figures 6.23 and 6.24 Error bars indicate range of emissions from land use change scenarios Leip et al. (2011) GGELS

15 GHG fluxes [kg CO2-eq / kg cow milk] GHG fluxes [kg CO2-eq / kg beef] Beef AT SK NL IT IR DE BL UK CZ EU SE HU PL SI FR RO EE EL LT DK ES PT BG MT FI LV CY EU member state Cow Milk Land use Land use change (scenario II) CO2 energy N 2 O CH 4 Leip et al. (2010) Evaluation of the livestock sector's contribution to the EU greenhouse gas emissions (GGELS). Figure ES AT IR IT EL BL UK FR DE CZ ES SE EU PT SK NL LT PL DK RO HU SI EE FI MT BG LV CY EU member state

16 Contribution of different stages of Danish pork production on GHG emissions Fuel use in housing 5% Slaughterhouse 5% Transport from slaghterhouse 1% Soybean production 11% Methane from slurry 21% Cereal production 57% Dalgaard et al. (2007) Danish Pork Production An Environmental Assessment

17 Marinated broiler production: LCA impact through the supply chain 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% GHG Acidification Eutrophication Delivery and trade Packaging Food industry Marinade/sauce chain Primary production Usva et al. (2009) Agricultural and Food Science 18:

18 Part II REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION

19 Environmental impacts of cultured meat production Tuomisto, H.L. & Teixeira de Mattos, M.J Environmental impacts of cultured meat production. Environmental Science & Technology, 45:

20 What is cultured meat? Also known as laboratory-grown meat or in vitro meat Produced by growing animal cells in a laboratory At a research stage Haagsman et al. (2009) Production of Animal Proteins by Cell Systems

21 Impacts of cultured meat production compared with conventionally produced meat in Europe (Tuomisto & Teixeira de Mattos, 2011)

22 Low-carbon farming practice project to assess policy options for promoting low carbon farming practices in the EU Develop an EU-wide farm-level carbon calculator Assesses the carbon footprint of a farm and its products Recommends mitigation options to reduce GHG emissions

23 Improvement possibilities at farm Improvements in feeding Replacement of imported soya with locally produced protein options/artificial amino acids Improve livestock productivity Optimisation of grazing Coverage of liquid manure Reduce methane from enteric fermentation Biogas production from manure

24 European Food Sustainable Production and Consumption Round Table Vision: Promote science-based, coherent approach to Sustainable Consumption and Production in the food sector, consider interactions across the entire food chain 3 Working areas: Methodology, communication, continuous improvement Members: EC, 24 European food chain business associations, The Sustainability Consortium, World Resources Institute EC co-chairs: DGs ENV, SANCO, JRC, ENTR Others: UN Environment Programme (UNEP), European Environment Agency, National governments, UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), UN Development Programme (UNDP), Eurogroup for Animals, Spanish Consumers Union

25 Key Objectives Establish scientifically reliable and uniform environmental assessment methodologies for food and drinks Identify suitable tools and guidance for voluntary environmental communication to consumers and other stakeholders Promote continuous environmental improvement measures along the entire food supply chain;

26 Environmental footprint of products and organisations DG Environment and JRC develops a harmonised methodology for the calculation of the environmental footprint of products Based on Life Cycle Assessment approach Includes specific rules for different product categories

27 European Platform on LCA Resource directory Website User forum European Reference Life Cycle Database (ELCD) International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD) ILCD Handbook ILCD Data Network (new)

28 ILCD Data Network ILCD Data Network: a web-based infrastructure for better availability of consistent and qualityassured LCA data Open for all data providers: not in competition with other LCI databases Non-centralised: data kept and published on website of individual owner/developer (under own conditions) Emphasis on consistency and quality of datasets: requirements based on ILCD Handbook : Entry-level requirements Supporting tools and templates provided for free

29 Thank you! Links to the JRC projects: Low carbon farming and cultured meat production: GHG emissions of livestock production in the EU: Food Sustainable Production and Consumption Round Table: Environmental footprint: tm ILCD Data Network: Other LCA related projects:

30 LEGAL NOTICE Views expressed in this slideshow are those of the individual and do not necessarily represent official views of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this slideshow. References made to specific information, data, databases, or tools do not imply endorsement by the European Commission.