Systematic Reproductive Management in Dairy Herds

Transcription

1 Systematic Reproductive Management in Dairy Herds Gabriel Bó, Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Argentina How to implement a systematic reproductive approach for the critical evaluation and improvement of fertility in dairy herds. Gabriel A. Bó Ariel Capitaine Funes 1

2 Objectives Evaluate the current situation in dairy herds. Define Systematic Reproductive Management. Discuss alternative programs. Propose strategies for execution of Systematic Reproductive Management. Why we always talk about Reproduction in Dairy Herds There is lots of information available Many promises are made but major improvements are very difficult to obtain Many different programs are implemented without rigorous evaluation. 2

3 We must Establish goals that are possible to meet. Always analyze the Business Reduce RISKS in the business. Implement Solid Systems that do not depend on only one person. Recent observations of decreased fertility in dairy cattle have been made all around the world Conception rate to first insemination has decreased 0.45%/year in the USA (Butler and Smith, 1989; Beam and Butler, 1999) and Canada (Bouchard and Du Tremblay, 2002), and 1%/year in England (Royal et al., 2000) and the Netherlands (Jorristma et al., 2000) Services/conception has increased from 1.75 to 3 over 20 years in the USA (Lucy, 2001), and from 1.54 AI to 1.75 over 10 years in Ireland (Mee et al., 2004) From: Bousquet,

4 Estrus detection rate In the USA, estrus detection rate has declined from 51% (1985-7) to 42% (1997-9) 9) The importance of estrus detection rate Calving Interval (months) < >16.9 Number of herds Milk Yield lbs Days to First Service st Service CR EDE EDR is the most important driver of performance (Nebel et al. 2003) 4

5 Losses due to inaccurate identification of estrus 19% inseminations performed when P4 was high (luteal( phase or pregnant) Insemination of pregnant cows resulted in an estimated 17% embryonic death or abortion Sturman et al., 2000 Duration of standing estrus in Holstein cows % % 8h 0 <4 4 a 8 8 a 10 >10 Hours Nebel et al.,

6 Number of mounts per estrus % < 3 4 a 7 8 a 14 > 14 Nebel et al., 1997 Wiltbank et al.,

7 Which one is in Heat? Reproduction In Argentinean Dairies 7

8 Argentina Región Noroeste Head Cows Región Semi Árida Central Head Cows Región Noreste Head Cows Región Pampeana Head Cows Región Patagónica 760 Head 349 Cows Bovine Population Head Nº of Cows: Sec. Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca de la Nación. Fecha: May 2004 Supplemented with Corn Silage, Hay and Grain αα+ mixed pastures + oats Total Bovine population: 55,000,000 Females: 20,000,000 Beef: 17,500,000 Dairy: 2,5000,000 8

9 Pregnancy Rate (PR) = Estrus Detection Efficiency (EDE) x Conception rate (CR) n EDE CR PR (%) (%) (%)

10 Histogram of 21-day Pregnancy rate in Dairy Farms using Dairy Comp 305 (113 herds, cows) Frecuencia % 1% 4% 18% 31% 46% 65% 76% 88% 95% 99% 100% 100% 100% 5% 7% 9% 11% 13% 15% 17% 19% 21% 23% 25% 27% 29% 31% 33% y mayor... Tasa de Preñez 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% % Acumulado Frecuencia % acumulado Capitaine Funes et al., 2003 Estrus Detection, Conception and Pregnancy Rates 19/ 20/ Porcentaje (%) ,57 36,71 15, Capitaine Funes et al.,

11 8,000 7,500 7,000 6,500 6,000 5,500 5,000 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 9,000 8,500 COMBINED CLASSIFICATION BY MILK PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION TASA DE PREÑEZ (%) 28% 26% 24% 22% 20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 3 4 Low Production 30% 38% IA Combinado Natural High Production 1 2 9% 23% Early Pregnancy Late Pregnancy PRODUCCIÓN DE LECHE (305EM, LITROS) Capitaine Funes et al., 2005 When are cows bred? Analysis at 100 Days in Milk % Cows not Bred 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% N= IP-1Serv IP-2Serv 55 % of the open cows to the first breeding! 20% 10% 0% % with no breeding 10 Days in milk DAIRYTECH, 2007 BD usuarios dc305 11

12 The Majority of our Dairy cows are Sick and most of them suffer InSemenitis Most dairy cows are not bred when they are in Heat Todd Birkle,, DVM, 2005 One Alternative is to implement a Systematic Breeding Management Program... 12

13 Systematic Management. Implement activities in an ordered and programmed manner, with the aim of treating the cows at the right time and with the right hormone, in order to inseminate and impregnate them as soon as possible. Specific activities: select cows to be treated, implement treatments, AI, estrus detection, and pregnancy diagnosis. We must Know When cows are bred for the first time (% of cows that are not bred by 80 DIM) When pregnancy status is determined (Frequency of visits and days post-breeding that cows are palpated/scanned) What is the time interval from open diagnosis to the next AI? 13

14 When cows are bred for the first time (% of cows that are not bred by 80 DIM) DIAS EN LECHE A PRIMER SERVICIO FECHA DE PARTO We must have most cows bred by 80 DIM A Capitaine Funes

15 Days to First AI 80 DIM At 80 DIM 40 % of the cows are not bred!!!!!!!! PG PG GnRH PG GnRH FTAI 12 PRESYNCH DIB + P4-SYNCH Day 37 Day 51 Day 65 Day 72 Day 74 Day 75 30/60 P4-SYNCH GnRH PG GnRH FTAI 12 DIB Day 65 Day 72 Day 74 Day 75 MODIFIED PRESYNCH PG PG GnRH PG DIB GnRH FTAI 12 Day 37 Day 44 Day 51 Day 65 Day 72 Day 74 Day 75 Veneranda et al,

16 ecg + GnRH EB DIB 8 PG GnRH FTAI 12 Day 65 Day 73 Day 75 Day 76 ecg ecg + ODB EB DIB 8 PG EB FTAI 60 Day 65 Day 73 Day 74 Day 76 ecg Veneranda et al, ,00 45,00 40,00 35,00 30,00 25,00 20,00 15,00 10,00 5,00 0,00 41,00 39,00 abc ab 30,00 a PRESYNCH P4-SYNCH MODIFIED PRESYNCH 44,00 bc ecg+gnrh 49,00 c ecg+eb P<0.05 Veneranda et al,

17 Pregnancy Rates (n=400 Lactating Holstein Cows, 65 DIM, 30 kg/day) 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 48,5% a P4+EB+eCG 39,4% b P4+GnRH P=0.05 Veneranda et al., 2006 BRAZIL: 800 cows Milk Production 36 kg/day 37 17

18 Conception Rates Taxa de concepção (%) ab 32.6% 43 ab 27.6% 152 a 44.4% 36 ab 32.1% 159 b 21.7% ecg + ECP ecg ECP Controle 46 ab 32.6% 144 Grupos experimentais Condição corporal < 2.75 Condição corporal > 2.75 c 6.1% 33 ab 33.5% 158 Souza et al., 2007 CL Volume and P4 concentrations Volume do CL (mm 3 ) ecg: P>0.10 DIA: P< ecg*dia: P>0.10 Com ecg Sem ecg (A) dia 7 dia 9 dia 12 dia 14 dia 16 dia 19 dia 21 Progesterona circulante (ng/ml) ecg: P=0.09 DIA: P<0.01 ecg*dia: P>0.10 * ** (B) Sem ecg Com ecg Dia do ciclo estral após a ovulação sincronizada dia 7 dia 9 dia 12 dia 14 dia 16 dia 19 dia 21 Dia do ciclo estral após a ovulação sincronizada Souza et al.,

19 New Zealand Trial: Cue-Mate IU Pregnecol (ecg) (n=991 cows in anovulatory anestrous) Results: 48hr CR Pregnecol treated cows were more likely to conceive in the first 48 hours following treatment (p = ) There was a significant age*tx interaction such that the within strata adjusted treatment effects are as below: 95% CI Effect age2 p (Tx within age group) RR low high tx*age tx*age Passion - Innovation - Evolution 19

20 Based on the current information we must choose one program and stick to it for a reasonable period of time. Do not change Programs every week!!!!!! Synchronization Program for the First Service 20

21 Synchronization Program for the First Service GnRH GnRH Parturition PGF PGF PGF FTAI 30 days 14 days 28 days ED/AI 14 days 7 days P4 10 days Presynch Ovsynch 68 days Ovsynch+P4 All cows are AI before 80 days in milk Days to First AI 41/63 80 DIM Now only 10% of the cows are not AI At 80 DIM!!!!!!!! 21

22 Distribution of AI during the week Total n 1672 TC 39% # Servicios Lun Mar Mie Jue Vie Sab Dom Dia Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun # Servicios Distribution of AI during the week Tipo Servicio n Serv TC CR % IATF FTAI 30% % ED+AI Celo det 70% % Total % Lun Mar Mie Jue Vie Sab Dom Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Mon Tue Wed Dia Thu Fri celo Estrus detectado Det + AI iatf FTAI Sat Sun 22

23 CONCEPTION RATES N Serv # Serv CR TC ED GRAL + AI % % > % TOTAL % CR IATF FTAI 30% 31% 39% 34% PARTICIP % of Cows IATF FTAI 37% 35% 24% 30% A. Capitaine F With Agressive synchronization programs most cows are inseminated early However, with a 30 to 35% CR, 60-70% of the cows are still open after the first service. The SECRET of a systematic breeding management is to monitor the cows after they are inseminated and to determine which cows are open as soon as possible. 23

24 Resynchronization Days AI CIDR X-CIDR AI 24

25 Distribution of Returns Day post FTAI n >50 CIDR-B (%) Control (%) Macmillan et al., 1993 What must be done with the cows that do not return to estrus? 25

26 When pregnancy status is determined? 50/63 50 days 90 days Monthly visits: Palpation of all cows 45 d post-breeding A. Capitaine F Two visits per month and scanning all cows with >26 d post-breeding 50 days 26

27 90 % of the cows are examined before 50 days post-breeding Proposed Program to re-inseminate cows as soon as possible Non Return PGF 35d ED & AI! Open-AI<24d CIDR FTAI 10 days Open (60-70%) Pregnant (30-40%) CL? PGF! No CL? CIDR+Ovsynch 27

28 If Heat Detection is poor, we need to apply more aggressive programs for rebreeding Ovsynch Resynchronization (Fricke et al., 2003) PD OVSYNCH D26 start G P G TAI (35d) 34% OVSYNCH D33 start Days after AI G P G TAI(42d) 38% 28

29 Requirements for success Select the best treatment available for the farm Ensure that 100% of the treatments are given correctly (administration of the right hormone and at the right time) Ensure 100% efficiency in the Insemination (good semen quality and adequate thawing and insemination technique) In order to do that. Everyone in the farm must know the program and stick to it Organization!!!! Work and discuss the objectives with the Owner and Personnel, Training and motivation are essential!!!. Use the technology and all the tools available 29

30 V = Open Cow G = Treat with GnRH Comand: syncro run every monday 1 3 Use computer programs!!!!!! Prost1: First PGF 2 Prost2: Second PGF 3 Pondib: Insert P4 device+ GnRH 4 Sacdib: Remove P4 device + PGF 30

31 With the systematic management we are trying to reduce risks What risk means? Possibility that the expected results are not met due to several reasons If the expected results are not met.. Then the business is affected. Problems with Cash Flow! A Systematic management reduce the RISKS and make the business more stable. 31

32 Reproduction is not magic! Miraculous Treatments For: CANCER, AIDS, Magic Spells, Deaf, dumb, and more unknown diseases Treatments per minute!!!!!!! To succeed in this business we must Read, Study, and Work Smart! 32