Banat s Journal of Biotechnology

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1 STABILITY EVALUATION OF MIXTURES AMONG PREPARATIONS WITH DIFFERENT BIOLOGICAL EFFECT ON BASIS OF GRAIN YIELD IN SPRING FORAGE PEA DOI: / IV(7) 101 Natalia GEORGIEVA 1, Ivelina NIKOLOVA 1, Grozi DELCHEV 2 1 Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven,Vl. Vazov street, 89, Bulgaria, imnatalia@abv.bg 2 Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Armejska street, 9, Bulgaria Abstract. During the period in IFC Pleven is carried out three factor field trial with purpose to evaluate the stability of mixtures among preparations with different biological effect on basis of the grain yield in spring forage pea. It is used the split plot method. Factor A includes the three years of the study. Factor B (preparations) includes 8 levels: untreated control, Atonic (growth stimulator), (combined leaf fertilizer), Atonic +, Confidor (insecticide), Atonic, Atonic +,. Factor C (stages of treatment) includes 3 levels: budding, budding + flowering, flowering. In result of the held experiment is found that the preparations with different biological effect Atonic, and Confidor used alone and in mixtures increase the productivity in the spring forage pea (from 101,9 to 129,0%). With highest stability is distinguished the triple mixture Atonic + (applied at budding stage), followed by mixtures Atonic and (applied at flowering stage) and at alone use of preparations the leaf fertilizer (applied at flowering stage). Technologically the most valuable variants which match high stability and high productivity in the different years are appeared all of them with twofold treatment of the studied preparations and their mixtures as it is recommended the use of mixtures and Atonic. Keywords: stability, pea, preparation with different biological effect Introduction The wide use in the modern agriculture of pesticides with fertilizers [STOEVA and SHABAN, 2001; PAVLOVA, 2004; SHABAN, 2007; DELCHEV, 2010] [SENGALEVICH et al.,, retardants 2004; DELCHEV, 2012] [DELCHEV and, stimulators NENKOVA, 2010] and growth regulators [TSIBULKO et al., 2000] contributes to the total lower level of pollution in the crop production and environment and for [HEINDEL et al., ecologisation of the agriculture 1994]. It is established a number of positive effects at joint application of preparations with different biological effect related to increased effectiveness and [DELCHEV, 2010; manifestations of synergism GEORGIEVA and NIKOLOVA, 2009], reduction of the [SHABAN, used doses 2007], overcoming resistance in some insects to insecticides [CURTIS, 1985], convenience and economic effect [ CREAMER and LAMONT, 1959; SAWYER, 1982]. [FUCHUN et al., 2010] According to the preparations are exhibited in different way at alone application and in mixtures. The compatibility and stability of similar mixtures is studied in different aspects under influence of the environmental factors, solubility in various solvents, [ CREAMER and LAMONT, 1959; JARVIS et storage etc. al., 1998; PETROFF, 2008]. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the stability of preparations with different biological effect and their 101

2 Banat s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Timisoara, Contact: web: bjb@usab tm.ro mixtures on basis of the grain yield in spring forage pea. Material and methods During the period in IFC Pleven is carried out three factor field trial conducted by the split plot method with spring forage pea variety Pleven 4. The soil type is slightly leached chernozem. Factor A (years) includes the three years of the research. Factor B (preparations) includes eight levels: в 1 untreated control, в 2 Atonic, в 3, в 4 Atonic +, в 5 Confidor, в 6 Atonic, в 7 Atonic +, в 8 (Table 1). Factor C (stages of treatment) includes three levels: с 1 budding, с 2 budding + flowering, с 3 flowering. Table 1. Characteristic of the used preparations Preparation Composition Dose Atonic 0.2% sodium orthonitro-phenolate; 0.3% sodiumparanitro-phenolate; 0.1% sodium-5-nitroguaicol (growth stimulator) 60 ml/da 20% nitrogen (6.22% nitrate % ammonia % urea), 20% soluble phosphorus (Р 2 О 5 ), 20% soluble (combined leaf fertilizer) potassium (К 2 О) and minor elements (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, 160 g/da Zn, Mg Confidor 70 WG (chloronicotinyl insecticide) 700 g/kg imidacloprid 15 g/da It is made a statistical evaluation for characterization of the representativeness and significant influence of the grain yield by analysis of variance and the parametric criterion (F) [SHANIN, 1977; BAROV, of Fisher 1982]. For calculating the analysis of variance is used the programmer ANOVA123 [LIDANSKI, 1988]. The parameters of stability for the grain yield are calculated. The variances of stability σ 2 2 [SHUKLA, 1972] i and S i and ecovalence W [WRICKE, 1962] i show what part from the variation related to the interaction between the preparations and years is due to the concrete variant. By the criterion for stability (Ys i ) of [KANG, 1993] is presented the value of each variant by simultaneously reading the worth of the indicator and the stability of the variant. The value of this criterion is that using nonparametric methods and statistical significance of the differences we receive a generalized evaluation arranging the variants in descending order according to their economic value. For calculation of these parameters is 102 used the programme STABLE of Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, USA,1993. Results and discussion The preparations with different biological effect Atonic, and Confidor used alone and in mixtures increase the productivity in the spring forage pea which is result of their stimulating effect in regard to the growth and development of the plants and lowering the population density of pests from Homoptera and Thysanoptera order [ Nikolova and Georgieva, 2010). The increase of the yield is in limits from to 129.0% as the most effective is the use of the insecticide Confidor with the leaf fertilizer. By the made analysis of variance in regard to the grain yield (Table 2 and 3) is established that the years have the strongest influence on this indicator 89.2% from the total variation of the variants. It is conditioned by the unequal reaction of the variations to the change of the environmental

3 conditions. The reason for that are the large differences in the meteorological conditions during the three years of the trial. The strength of influence for the preparations is 4.5% and for the stages of treatment 3.3%. Nevertheless the influence of the three factors is significant at level of probability р 0.1 %. There is very high significance of the interaction of the preparations and treatment stages with the conditions of years АхВ and АхС. The interaction between the preparations and treatment stages (ВхС) has very high significance, too. This means that the effectiveness of the preparations is different in their application during the different stages. The interaction among the three factors of the trial АхВхС is not significant. Table 2. Grain yield, kg/da Variants Preparations Stages of treatment kg/da % kg/da % kg/da % budding Control budding+flowering flowering budding Atonic budding+flowering flowering budding budding+flowering flowering budding budding+flowering Atonic + Confidor Atonic flowering budding budding+flowering flowering budding budding+flowering flowering budding budding+flowering Atonic + flowering budding budding+flowering flowering LSD, kg/da: F.A p 5%=2,6 p 1%=3,4 p 0,1%=4,4 F.B p 5%=4,2 p 1%=5,6 p 0,1%=7,2 F.C p 5%=2,6 p 1%=3,4 p 0,1%=4,4 AxB p 5%=7,4 p 1%=9,7 p 0,1%=12,5 AxC p 5%=4,5 p 1%=5,9 p 0,1%=7,7 BxC p 5%=7,4 p 1%=9,7 p 0,1%=12,5 AxBxC p 5%=12,7 p 1%=16,8 p 0,1%=21,6 On basis of the significant interactions preparation х year (АхС) and treatment stage х year (ВхС) is evaluated the stability of the manifestations of each variant consisting of preparation and treatment stage with respect to the years 103

4 Banat s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Timisoara, Contact: web: bjb@usab tm.ro 2 (Table 4). The variances of stability σ i 2 [SHUKLA, and S 1972] i, the ecovalence W i [WRICKE, 1962] and the criterion for stability YS i of Kang are calculated. The variances of stability (σ 2 i and S 2 [SHUKLA, 1972] i ) of which render an account respectively the linear and nonlinear interactions evaluate unidirectionally the stability of the variants. Those variants which show lower values are estimated as more stable because they interact weaker with the environmental conditions. The negative values of the indicators σ 2 i and S 2 i are accepted for 0. At significantly high values of anyone from two parameters (σ 2 i or S 2 i ) the variants are considered as unstable. At the ecovalence W i of [WRICKE, 1962] as higher are the values of the indicator as more unstable is the corresponding variant. Table 3. Analysis of variance for grain yield Source of variation Degrees of Influence of Sum of squares freedom factor, % Mean square Total Tract of land ,6 24,5 Variants , ,2*** Factor А Years , ,5*** Factor В - Preparations ,5 4659,4*** Factor С Stages of , ,5*** treatment AxB ,5 261,9*** AxC ,2 362,0*** BxC ,4 197,6*** AxBxC ,1 23,5 Pooled error ,2 62,2 *p 5% **p 1% ***p 0,1% On that basis as it is used these three parameters of stability is established that the most unstable are the untreated control and the mixtures Atonic +, applied at budding stage and the mixture applied at budding and budding + flowering stages. At those variants the values of the variances of stability σ i 2 and ecovalence W i are highest and mathematically significant i.e. the instability is from linear type. At the above pointed tank mixtures do not exist instability from nonlinear type there is a lack of significant values of S i ². That instability is due to mainly of the 104 significant differences in the grain yield of those mixtures during the separated years of the trial. The meteorological conditions have the strongest influence exactly on these variants. With low values of the parameters σ 2 2 i, S i and W i and respectively with highest stability is distinguished the triple combination Atonic + (applied at budding stage), followed by Atonic and (applied at flowering stage) and at alone use of preparations the variant with the leaf fertilizer (applied at flowering stage). To make a complete evaluation of the effectiveness of each variant it should be considered both its influence on the

5 grain yield in spring pea and its stability the reaction of the crop to it in the different years. Very valuable information about the technological value of the variants gives the indicator YS i of [KANG, 1993] for simultaneous evaluation of yield and stability as it is based on the significance of the differences in the yield and the variance of interaction with the environment. The generalized criterion for stability YS i of Kang which render an account both the stability and the value of yield gives a negative evaluation only for the untreated control characterizing it as the most unstable and low yield variant. According to that criterion technologically the most valuable are appeared all variants with twofold treatment of the studied preparations and their combinations as it is recommended the use of mixtures and Atonic. Those variants match high values of the grain yield and high stability of that indicator during the different years. Stability parameters of the variants for grain yield in regard to the years Variants Preparations Stages of treatment х σ i 2 S i 2 W i Table 4. budding * Control budding+flowering ** flowering * budding Atonic budding+flowering flowering budding budding+flowering flowering budding * Atonic + budding+flowering flowering budding Confidor budding+flowering flowering budding * budding+flowering Atonic flowering budding Atonic + budding+flowering flowering budding * budding+flowering * flowering YS i In terms of the technology of spring pea cultivation a high evaluation receives and the variants with application at budding stage of and Confidor and the mixtures Atonic +, Atonic and 105

6 Banat s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Timisoara, Contact: web: bjb@usab tm.ro. They match good yields of grain albeit with lower stability in the different years of the study. At these variants the variation of yields by years is greater. With except of the combination the rest variants with single treatment at flowering stage receive low evaluations mainly because of the lower grain yield independently that they are characterized with high stability of the indicator in the different years. Conclusions The preparations with different biological effect Atonic, and Confidor used alone and in mixtures increase the productivity in the spring forage pea with values from to 129.0%. With highest stability is distinguished the triple mixture Atonic + (applied at budding stage), followed by the mixtures Confidor + Atonic and (applied at flowering stage) and at alone use of preparations the leaf fertilizer (applied at flowering stage). Technologically the most valuable variants which match high stability and high productivity in the different years are appeared all of them with twofold treatment of the studied preparations and their mixtures as it is recommended the use of mixtures and Atonic. References 1. Barov, V.; Analysis and schemes of field experiment NAIC. Sofia. 2. Creamer, R.M.; Lamont, T.G.; Fertilizer insecticide mixtures. Stability of certain insecticides in mixtures with fertilizers. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (2): Curtis, C.F.; Theoretical models of the use of insecticide mixtures for the management of resistance. Bulletin of Entomological Research (2): Delchev, G.; Influence of some mixtures between foliar fertilizers and antibroadleaved herbicides on the grain yield and grain quality of durum wheat. Field Crop Studies (2): Delchev, G.; Nenkova, D.; Stability evaluation of some mixtures between stimulators and antigrass herbicides on the basis of durum wheat grain yield. Plant Science : Delchev, G.; Stability valuation of some mixtures between retardants and combined herbicides for grain yield of durum wheat. Plant Science : Fuchun, B.; Guoxu, W.; Lihong, Z.; Study on stabilization of 36 insecticides and 33 pesticide mixtures. Pesticide Science and Administration pp.5 8. Georgieva, N.; Nikolova, I.; Study of some characteristics related to productivity of spring vetch after presowing treatment of seeds with insecticides. Challenges of the Balkan animal industry and the role of science and cooperation. In: Soysal M.I.. Todorov N.. Georgoudis A.. Grosu H.. Pavlov D.. Mihaylova. Panayotov M.. Yablanski Ts.. Staikov Y.. Petkov G.. Denev S.. Miteva Ch. (eds.). Proceedings IV Balkan Conference of Animal Science Balnimalcon May. pp Heindel, J.; Chapin, R.; Gulati, D.; George, J.; Price, C.; Marr, M.; Myers, C.; Barnes, L.; Fail, P.; Grizzle, T.; Schwetz, B.; Yang, R.. Assessment of the reproductive and developmental toxicity of pesticide/fertilizer mixtures based on confirmed pesticide contamination in California and Iowa Groundwater. Toxicological Sciences (4): Jarvis, A.; Johnson S.; Morgan, E.D.; Stability of the natural insecticide azadirachtin in aqueous and organic solvents. Pesticide Management Science (3):

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