Development of IoT based Weather and Soil Analysis Kit for Crop Health Assessment

Transcription

1 Development of IoT based Weather and Soil Analysis Kit for Crop Health Assessment Abstract: Recent advances in technology like the Internet of Things (IoT) allowed different physical world objects connected to the internet for the exchange of data. IoT can lead to the development of modern and efficient agriculture and it can maximize the agricultural yield. One way to achieve this is to understand the favourable weather and soil conditions surrounding the crop. The paper proposes a weather and soil monitoring system which collects the various data about surrounding weather and soil. The proposed system is based on NodeMCU and it gives values of temperature, humidity, heat index, dew point, barometric pressure, rain intensity, soil temperature and soil moisture with the help of various sensors present in the system. The current and historical data of weather and soil can be viewed on the android applications called as GeoSoil. Experiments have been done to test this system in crop field areas. The results of this experiments shows that this system can be used for multipoint weather and soil monitoring. This study results in the near real time data acquisition ability of the system efficiently. Keywords: Agriculture, Crop Health, Internet of Things, NodeMCU, Soil, Weather. 1. INTRODUCTION Aishwarya R. Jangam, Prof. Dr. K. V. Kale, Sandeep Gaikwad Dept. of CS & IT, Dr. B. A. M. University, Aurangabad-4314, India Agriculture is one of the most important industries. It has supported the improvement of human civilization through a long time. The major part of Indian economy relies upon agricultural products. However, it is one of the numerous fields which are in need of critical technological innovation [1]. The effects of unnatural weather deviation, development of population and continuous decrease of natural resources have strengthened the need of harvesting a variety of crops and raising their yield [2]. Lately, crop yield is increasingly unstable due to the dramatic impact of environmental change. So, the smart-farming techniques can be used to measure the environmental and soil-related parameters via smartphone [3]. The integration of agriculture with IT can increase the productivity of it with the help of different Internet of Things (IoT) techniques. IoT is the network of physical objects embedded with sensors, electronics, software, and network connectivity which enable these objects to gather and exchange data [4]. Basically, IoT is divided into three layers: the sensor layer, network layer and application layer. Sensor layer is created from different sensors like ultrasonic sensor, proximity sensor, and moisture sensor etc. The network layer is created from a distinct structure of networks, together with cloud platforms and the internet. Application layer consist of the interface for clients and the device [5]. Weather is an important part of the agriculture. Most of the crops are completely dependent upon the weather for their health [6]. Negative weather conditions can cause production losses, specifically if experienced during the crucial levels of growth [7]. Different parameters of weather can have different effects on crops. However, the combination of all climatic parameters may have additive outcomes [8]. Therefore, agriculture needs technology and tools to reduce the environmental effect on crop and to enhance the quality and efficiency of its production [9]. 2. WORK DONE SO FAR Zhao, J. C., Zhang studied the IoT application in agricultural production. A greenhouse-site monitoring system is developed by using mobile wireless communication technology. This system monitors the temperature and humidity of agriculture environment [1]. Kodali, R. K. has designed weather station based on IoT technology by using NodeMCU as a main component and sensors like temperature and humidity, pressure, raindrop and, light dependent resistor. The values of these weather parameters are then uploaded to the cloud, IBM Bluemix [11]. James, J. used DHT11, SHT11 and height measuring apparatus for receiving data of conditions surrounding the plant. Android application for plant growth monitoring is developed by using Raspberry Pi as main component [12]. Palle, D. Developed a cloud IoT system for measuring temperature and humidity parameters by using a CC3 wireless microcontroller with built-in Wi-Fi connectivity. A HRT393 sensor is used for measuring temperature and humidity. Measured values are sent to the AT&TM2X cloud technology platform [13]. Panwar, A. designed smart analysis system for studying different soil and environment conditions like temperature and humidity, wind speed, soil moisture and soil ph of the soil. Two Arduino boards are used, one for collecting the sensor data and other for sending the data to the server by using the RF module [14]. Lee, M., Hwang, J.,& Yoe, H. developed an IoT based monitoring system for analyzing crop environment. Different sensors like temperature, humidity, soil EC and, soil ph sensors are used for crop environment analysis. Based on the analysis the decision support system is developed for agricultural production forecasting [15]. Tai, W. C. proposed wireless monitoring Volume 7, Issue 4, July August 18 Page 25

2 Volume 7, Issue 4, July - August 18 ISSN and control system for plant growth monitoring of greenhouse. They have used different types of sensors like temperature and humidity sensor, soil water content sensor and, illumination sensor. The data from sensors is collected by using a MG82F5B32 microcontroller and transmitted to the MySQL database by using ESP8266 wireless transmission chip. This data then can be imported in the designed micro-climate system [16]. To find data regarding soil and weather which will be helpful for sustainable agriculture is very hard and very costly. Here, an Android application is developed to increase the acquisition and access of the information. The developed weather and soil monitoring system and android application are based on the IoT technology. The NodeMCU has made this system cost-effective and intelligent because it has inbuilt Wi-Fi chip to provide nearreal-time information about soil and weather to users. This system is cost effective also because of no use of commercial cloud platform but the use of our own server which is used to store all the agrometeorological parameters. 3. METHODOLOGY The weather and soil monitoring system is designed to collect and transmit weather and soil data, including outdoor temperature and humidity, barometric pressure and altitude, rainfall, soil temperature and soil moisture. Requirements for the system are: (1) Measure weather and soil related data; (2) Capable of wireless transmission of data to the server. The structure of the system is shown in figure1. The NodeMCU reads real-time data of agrometeorological parameters by using different sensors in the system. The collected data will be pre-processed and inspected. If the data is correct then it will be sent to the cloud server. The data will be stored in the database of the server. FIG. 2: SERVER SENDING DATA TO ANDROID APPLICATION The system is a portable and low-cost weather and soil data collection system which allows collection, storage, and transmission of data. Weather Sensors: Weather sensors like the DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, BMP18 barometric pressure sensor and rain sensor are used in the proposed system. From temperature and humidity values heat index and dew point also calculated. Soil Sensors: Soil sensors like DS18B and soil moisture sensors are used in the system. 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The weather sensors- DHT11, BMP18 interfaced with NodeMCU are kept inside the box. Soil moisture, soil temperature sensor and Wi-Fi antenna are also interfaced with NodeMCU and placed outside the box for testing as shown in fig.2. FIG. 3: THE PROPOSED DEVICE TO MEASURE AGROMETEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS The weather parameters getting from the device are stored in cloud server s database along with the date and time is as shown in fig. 4 and can be viewed and accessed on the android application named as GeoSoil. FIG. 1: ARCHITECTURE OF THE SYSTEM Data from the server can be accessed by using an android application with the internet connection (fig.2). An android application is developed by using the android studio. Volume 7, Issue 4, July August 18 FIG. 4: DATABASE OF WEATHER CONDITION Users can access all the current and historical agrometeorological parameters by using GeoSoil android application (fig.5). Page 26

3 FIG 5: GEOWEATHER APP The GeoSoil app has four important menus. The first menu is for current weather and soil conditions. In this menu, a user can view current weather and soil parameters as shown in fig. 6. FIG. 8: SEARCH WEATHER Using this system we did two experiments. For first experiment we have selected field area of corn crop in Mitmita, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India (19 53'35.31"N, 75 16'28.55"E). Area of this agriculture field is 6,543 m² (fig.9). FIG. 6: CURRENT WEATHER CONDITIONS A user can view some historical records by clicking on button present in this page (fig. 7). If a user wants to have access to all the historical data of weather and soil then he can make a request by using details given in the about page. FIG. 9: CORN CROP FIELD SELECTED TO TEST THE SYSTEM We have selected locations in this agriculture field and collected the weather and soil data surrounding the corn crop (fig. 1). FIG. 7: HISTORICAL DATA OF WEATHER The second menu in the GeoSoil app is for searching the current weather conditions according to latitude and longitude provided (fig. 8). FIG. 1: LOCATIONS SELECTED IN CORN CROP FIELD Then we have calculated average of all the values. This data can be further used to analyze the health of the corn at every stage of its growth. TABLE 1 AVERAGE OF WEATHER AND SOIL PARAMETERS OF CORN FIELD Average Temperature C Average Humidity 51.9 % Average Heat Index C Volume 7, Issue 4, July August 18 Page 27

4 Volume 7, Issue 4, July - August 18 ISSN C Average Barometric Pressure 18 mb Average Soil Moisture Average Soil Temperature % C Temperature Temp. In C Average Dew Point Second experiment was done on Potato crop. Data of soil and weather is collected from germination of potato to its growth for every 1 hour and for 13 days (fig. 11) FIG. 13: AVERAGE TEMPERATURE GRAPH Fig. 14 depicts average of humidity values of 13 days. Humidity Humidity in % FIG. 11: IOT BASED SYSTEM S TESTING ON POTATO CROP Fig. 15 depicts average of heat index values of 13 days. Heat Index in C Crop has been kept in natural conditions and analysis of each stage can be done by using data collected surrounding this crop (fig. 17). FIG. 14: AVERAGE HUMIDITY GRAPH Heat Index FIG. 15: AVERAGE HEAT INDEX GRAPH Fig. 16 depicts average of dew point values of 13 days. Dew Point FIG. 12: POTATO CROP GROWTH STAGES Dew Point in C The weather and soil parameters of surrounding the potato crop analysed for 13 days and they are shown in the form of graphs. Fig. 13 depicts average of temperature values of 13 days. FIG.16: AVERAGE DEW POINT GRAPH Fig. 17 depicts average of barometric pressure values of 13 days. Volume 7, Issue 4, July August 18 Page 28

5 Barometric Pressure parameters like soil ph, soil nutrients, wind speed, wind direction and solar radiation are added to it. Pressure in mb ACKNOWLEDGMENT Authors would like to thank for technical supports under UGC SAP (II), NISA, DRS Phase-II, and DST-FIST for partial financial assistance to the Department of CS & IT, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad, India. FIG.17: AVERAGE BAROMETRIC PRESSURE GRAPH Fig. 18 depicts average of soil moisture values of 13 days. Soil Moisture in % FIGURE 18: AVERAGE SOIL MOISTURE GRAPH Fig. 19 depicts average of soil temperature values of 13 days. Soil Temp. in C Soil Moisture Soil Temperature FIGURE 19: AVERAGE SOIL TEMPERATURE GRAPH In this research, it is observed that soil moisture as well as soil temperature affects the growth and health of the crop. When soil moisture decreases, the crop becomes unhealthy. This agrometeorological parameters also affects on proper seed germination, nutrition absorption etc. 5. CONCLUSION The low-cost and reliable weather and soil monitoring system is designed and an android application is developed to view various agrometeorological parameters. The results obtained suggest that weather and soil monitoring can be done efficiently in real-time and at low cost. The data getting from the system have numerous applications such as it can be used for soil sampling for soil remote sensing. It can be used for soil and weather data modelling and soilwater balance modelling. This system could be improved if REFERENCES [1] James, J. (16, December). Plant growth monitoring system, with dynamic user-interface. In Humanitarian Technology Conference (R1-HTC), 16 IEEE Region 1 (pp. 1-5). IEEE. [2] Kaewmard, N., & Saiyod, S. (14, October). Sensor data collection and irrigation control on vegetable crop using smart phone and wireless sensor networks for smart farm. In Wireless Sensors (ICWiSE), 14 IEEE Conference on (pp ). IEEE. [3] C.C. Castello, J. Fan, A. Davari, Ruei-Xi Chen, "Optimal sensor placement strategy for environmental monitoring using Wireless Sensor Networks", System Theory (SSST) 1 42nd Southeastern Symposium on, pp , 7-9 March 1. [4] Dhal, S. P., Chowdhury, P., & Shaw, S. K. (18). IOT: Making Things Better. [5] Michael, M. P., & Darianian, M. (8, July). Architectural solutions for mobile RFID services for the internet of things. In Services-Part I, 8. IEEE Congress on (pp ). IEEE. [6] Vining, K. C. (199). Effects of weather on agricultural crops and livestock: an overview. International journal of environmental studies, 36(1-2), [7] Chartier, P., Morot Gaudry, J.F., Bethenod, O. and Tho mas, D. A Environmental Effects on Crop Physiology. Proceedings of the Fifth Long Ashton Symposium. April The net assimilation of C3 and C4 plants as influenced by light and carbon dioxide, and an analysis of the role of the gene Opaque 2 in young maize, Edited by: Landsberg, J. J. and Cutting, C. V.pp University of Bristol. (Academic Press, London, 1977) [8] Chang, J. H. (17). Climate and agriculture: an ecological survey. Routledge. [9] Awasthi, A., & Reddy, S. R. N. (13). Monitoring for precision agriculture using wireless sensor network-a review. Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology. [1] Zhao, J. C., Zhang, J. F., Feng, Y., & Guo, J. X. (1, July). The study and application of the IOT technology in agriculture. In Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT), 1 3rd IEEE International Conference on (Vol. 2, pp ). IEEE. [11] Kodali, R. K., & Mandal, S. (16, December). IoT based weather station. In Control, Instrumentation, Communication and Computational Technologies (ICCICCT), 16 International Conference on (pp ). IEEE. Volume 7, Issue 4, July August 18 Page 29

6 [12] James, J. (16, December). Plant growth monitoring system, with dynamic user-interface. In Humanitarian Technology Conference (R1-HTC), 16 IEEE Region 1 (pp. 1-5). IEEE. [13] Palle, D., Kommu, A., & Kanchi, R. R. (16, March). Design and development of CC3-based CloudIoT for measuring humidity and temperature. In Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT), International Conference on (pp ). IEEE. [14] Panwar, A., Gaba, A., Singh, R., & Gehlot, A. (18). Soil and Environment Conditions Based Smart Analysis System for Plant Growth Using IoT. In Intelligent Communication, Control and Devices (pp ). Springer, Singapore. [15] Lee, M., Hwang, J., & Yoe, H. (13, December). Agricultural production system based on IoT. In Computational Science and Engineering (CSE), 13 IEEE 16th International Conference on (pp ). IEEE. [16] Tai, W. C., Tseng, Y. C., Chiang, I. T., Lin, Y. S., Chung, W. Y., Wu, K. W., & Yeh, Y. H. (17, May). Development of a multi-parameter plant growth monitoring and control system for quality agriculture application. In Applied System Innovation (ICASI), 17 International Conference on (pp ). IEEE. Volume 7, Issue 4, July August 18 Page 3