Agricultural Regions

Transcription

1 Agricultural Regions

2 Derwent Wittlesey s 11 Agricultural Regions Images:

3 Agriculture in the Developing World 5 types Poorer developing countries in Asia, Africa, South America, Central America Labor intensive agriculture Subsistence existence (done to survive) High agricultural density

4 Shifting Cultivation - Also called Slash and Burn A swidden is chopped down or slashed and the debris is then burned Crops are grown for about 3 years Subsistence-based, so a variety of crops Climate: Rainforests - low altitude, hot, humid Upland rice, maize, sorghum, yams, manioc South America, Central & West Africa Southeast Asia Up in Smoke Image:

5 Intensive Subsistence Wet Rice Dominant Subsistence - for their own families use to survive Rice seedlings are planted in a dry nursery then after about a month they are transplanted to a flooded field or paddy Planting, transplanting and harvesting are all done by hand East, South and Southeast Asia on flat land often near rivers - terraced if necessary Very high agricultural density Image:

6 Intensive Subsistence Not Wet Rice Dominant Subsistence - for their own families use to survive Wheat, barley, corn, millet, soybeans - consumption Hemp, tobacco, cotton and flax as a cash crop Planting, transplanting and harvesting are also all done by hand (same as wet rice dominant) Very high agricultural density East, South and Southeast Asia but in areas where winters are too harsh and lower rain levels Interior India and Northeast China Image:

7 Pastoral Nomadism Subsistence by herding domesticated animals Strong sense of territory (big enough to contain food and water needs of animals) Not just wanderers Milk, hides, beasts of burden, meat (not usually) Camels (dry climates) Goats and sheep (rocky, hilly, semi-arid) Horses (semi-arid) Central and Southwest Asia, North Africa Image:

8 Plantation A large farm that raises one or two crops Crops are processed at the plantation Cotton, coffee, sugarcane, tobacco, rubber Climate: tropics and subtropics Latin America, Africa, Asia In sparsely settled areas so workers need housing and food provided Not for subsistence, but for profit Labor intensive, found in developing countries Image:

9 Turn and Talk Turn and talk to a classmate next to you and identify the climate that fits with each type of agriculture found in the developing world? 1) Shifting Cultivation 2) Intensive subsistence - wet rice 3) Intensive subsistence - not wet rice 4) Nomadic Pastoralism 5) Plantation

10 Agriculture in the Developed World 6 types Developed countries: Europe, North America, South America and Asia Machinery intensive agriculture Cash Crops and Agribusiness Low agricultural density

11 Mixed Crop and livestock Both cash crops and livestock are raised on the same farm. USA, Europe, Japan, India Manure from animals returns nutrients to the soil Plant residuals used as feed for livestock Reduces feedlot runoff (pollution) and chemical use Intensifies land use increasing profits - sell cash crops and animal livestock products Climate varies - grains and animals are chosen to fit the climate and soil Image:

12 Dairy Farming for the long term intention of producing milk Climate: less expensive land but land that can grow grasses for feed USA, Canada and Northern Europe Cool mid latitude climates are ideal for growing grass and keeping milk cold to preserve it Located near markets to reduce transportation cost Butter and cheese Non Nomadic Image:

13 Grain (wheat/corn/barley) Warm mid-latitude climates Wheat, corn, barley, oats, rye, beans Large farms Heavily mechanized: planting, harvesting, transporting Easy to harvest, transport and store North-central USA, south-central Canada, eastern Europe Image:

14 Livestock Ranching Arid semiarid climates Grown where vegetation is too sparse and soil is too poor to grow grain crops Vast lands areas needed for grass growth Western North America, Southern South America, Australia, central Asia,Sub-saharan Africa Similar to pastoral nomadism Images:

15 Mediterranean Near lands that border the Mediterranean Sea, California, South Africa and Australia Prevailing sea winds provide moisture and moderate winters, making winter their growing season and summers hot and dry Borders a sea, most on west coasts Crops grown for human consumption Fruits, vegetables, flowers, tree crops Olives, grapes, tomatoes, peppers Image:

16 Commercial Gardening and Fruit Farming Planted and harvested over longer periods to provide continuous product to buyers and at a much larger scale than home gardening Southern United States Long growing seasons, humid climates Also called truck farming Farms specialize in a few crops Apples, asparagus, cherries, lettuce Image: Commercial fruit farming is heavily mechanized at all stages of production

17 Exit Ticket Work with a classmate to identify the climate that fits with each type of agricultural region found in the developed world? 1) Mixed crop and Livestock 2) Dairy 3) Grain farming 4) Livestock ranching 5) Mediterranean 6) Commercial Gardening and Fruit Farming