Biotech crops Challenges and Consequences for the seed industry

Transcription

1 Biotech crops Challenges and Consequences for the seed industry Marcel Bruins International Seed Federation 8 th EESNET Meeting Nov. 2008, Siofok, Hungary

2 Outline ISF Seed Industry at a snapshot History & basic facts Challenges and consequences Summary

3 International Seed Federation Established Secretariat: Nyon, Switzerland For more information:

4 ISF : membership

5 International Seed Federation - membership countries WW Seed market: 36,5 billion USD Farm Saved Seed: 15 billion USD Internationally Traded: 6.4 billion USD 197 members from 73 countries 96% of international seed trade

6 ISF Structure - July 2008

7 ISF s Mission Facilitate the international movement of seed, related know-how and technology Trade Rules Arbitration Rules

8 ISF s Mission Facilitate the international movement of seed, related know-how and technology Mobilize and represent the seed industry at a global level OECD Seed Schemes / Regulatory Oversight in Biotech UPOV FAO International Treaty on PGRFA International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) Codex Alimentarius CBD; Cartagena Biosafety Protocol (CBP) World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) World Trade Organisation (WTO) SPS Agreement International Seed Testing Association (ISTA)

9 ISF s Mission Facilitate the international movement of seed, related know-how and technology Mobilize and represent the seed industry at a global level Inform its members of developments within the industry and in the international regulatory environment Promote, on behalf of its members, the interests and image of the seed industry

10 ISF Activities => quarterly Newsletter ISF Info

11 ISF Activities

12 The Seed Industry - A Snapshot Year Approximate size of the seed market (USD billion) Total Internationally traded Sales turnover as a percentage of the total market Largest 5 companies Largest Largest Source: ISF

13 Evolution of seed companies Company turnover in million USD Pioneer 735 Pioneer 1500 Monsanto 4028 Monsanto 4964 Sandoz 290 Novartis 900 DuPont Pioneer 2781 DuPont Pioneer 3350 Dekalb 201 Limagrain 650 Syngenta 1743 Syngenta 2018 Upjohn-Asgrow 200 Advanta 460 Limagrain 1275 Limagrain 1314 Limagrain 180 Seminis 375 KWS Saat AG 615 Land O LakesO 1000 Shell Nickerson 175 Takii 320 Land O LakesO 550 KWS 753 Takii 175 Sakata 300 Bayer CropScience 465 Bayer CropScience 535 Ciba Geigy 152 KWS 255 Sakata 410 DLF Trifolium 420 VanderHave 150 Cargill 250 DLF Trifolium 365 Takii 394 CACBA 130 Dekalb 250 Takii 342 Sakata 384 Sakata 120 Pau Euralis 175 Dow Mycoggen 302 Dow Mycogen 350 Cargill 115 Monsanto 170 Barenbrug 197 Desprez 225 Orsan 115 Sigma 160 Saaten Union 187 Rijk Zwaan 210 Lubrizol 110 S. Union 155 Desprez 186 Barenbrug 205 Volvo 97 RAGT 140 RAGT 149 Saaten Union 196 ICT 90 S. Weibull 140 Svalöf f Weibull 137 RAGT 182 Royal Sluis 80 Cebeco 140 InVivo 116 Enza Zaaden (estim.) 182 Cebeco 80 DLF 135 De Ruiter 151 KWS 75 Barenbrug 133 InVivo 140

14 Domestic Seed Market 2007 (USD million) Total Total USA 8,500 Australia 400 China 4,000 Korea 400 France 2,150 UK 400 Brazil 2,000 Mexico 350 India 1,500 Poland 350 Japan 1,500 Turkey 350 Germany 1,500 Taiwan 300 Italy 1,000 South Africa 300 Argentina 950 Hungary 300 Canada 550 Netherlands 300 Russian Federation 500 Czech Republic 300 Spain 450 Total 32,002* *The commercial world seed market is assessed at approximately US$ 36.5 billion

15 Significant increase global seed market Development of hybrids Heterosis, Uniformity, Built in protection, Increase of seed treatment Doubled in last 10 years, now at 1.6 billion USD Development of transgenic varieties 114 million ha., 12 million farmers, 6.9 billion USD

16 Seed Exports in 2007 (USD million) Agric. Vegetables Total Agric. Vegetables Total Netherlands China USA Australia France United Kingdom Germany Israel Canada Brazil Denmark Poland Chile South Africa Hungary New Zealand Italy Czech Republic Mexico Turkey Belgium Romania Argentina Sweden Austria Slovakia Japan Thailand Spain Total

17 Seed Imports in 2007 (USD million) Agric. Vegetables Total Agric. Vegetables Total USA Hungary France Austria Mexico Greece Netherlands Romania Germany South Africa Italy Turkey Spain Denmark Canada Brazil Ukraine Saudi Arabia UK Switzerland Russia Czech Republic Belgium Argentina Japan Portugal Poland Bulgaria China Total

18 Growing international seed trade Cheap & fast transportation Development of hybrid varieties Higher speed of breeding & commercial processes => counter season production

19 Biotech crops a Time Line First demonstration of transfer and stable expression of a foreign gene in a plant (tobacco petunia) 1985 First transfer of a gene coding for an agronomic trait (herb. tol. in tobacco) 1988 First transgenic plant with a quality trait (delayed ripening in tomato) 1994 Flavr Savr - tomato introduced 1995 Bt corn introduced, 1.5 m ha of GM crops 1996 RR soybeans introduced m ha. grown with GM crops

20 Source: C. James, 2007

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24 Facts on biotech crops 12 million farmers growing biotech crops =>11 million are resource poor farmers 12 developing countries and 11 developed countries growing biotech crops Bt cotton yields: up 50% CN, up 10% IN Reduced insecticide use : >50% (CN & IN) Increased income/ha: 250$ (IN); 220$ (CN)

25 New traits Challenges and consequences Create added value Traits create additional revenue to invest in genetics Traits and technologies will continue to help unlock additional genetic value Concentration of the seed industry Higher regulatory burden Adventitious Presence Financial burden

26 Challenges and consequences - new traits - Quality traits Nutrient-enhanced golden rice Fresher fruit and vegetables Healthier potatoes Tastier tomatoes Cancer-fighting tomatoes Vitamin enriched corn, mustard, canola and mustard oil Non-allergenic soybean, rice and wheat Agronomic Benefits Disease resistant sweet potato Virus resistant papayas Drought resistant rice Blight beating bananas Flood resistant corn and rice Increased nitrogen use efficiency Canker resistant citrus fruit

27 Challenges and consequences - create added value (billion USD) - Year Total GM Seed % Source: ISF

28 Components of the price of a GM seed unit Crop Genetic "seed" "Seed treatment" Technology fee Total % genetic of total Sugar beet % Maize % Maize - double stack % Cotton Bt % Cotton - double stack % Maize % Maize - double stack % Maize - triple stack % Soybean %

29 Challenges and consequences National - higher regulatory burden - Assessment of the safety of all biotech plant products intended for consumption by humans and animals Oversight on field testing of biotech seeds and plants to ensure their release causes no harm to agriculture and the environment Evaluation of environmental safety International (Cartagena Biosafety Protocol, CODEX, OECD)

30 Challenges and consequences - Higher regulatory burden - Protocols to minimize AP Isolation Machinery/Equipment Cleanout Planting Harvest Handling Roguing Pollination Labeling of Material Inventory of Material Disposition of Material Lab Testing

31 Labelling under Cartagena protocol Survey among all ISF members ISF members are currently shipping LMOs (under Art. 18.2(b) and (c)) to/from the following 39 countries (32 of which are Parties): AR, AU, BE, BR, BF, CA, CL, CN, CO, CR, DK, FI, FR, DE, GR, GT, HN, HU, IN, ID, IL, IT, JP, MX, NL, NZ, PK, PA, PH, PR, KR, RO, ZA, ES, TH, TR, VE, UK, US, UY None of the countries have reported any concerns with the use of the ISF guidance language on existing documentation ( No problems to date All ISF members: shipments of LMOs (under Article 18.2(b) and (c) are taking place regularly and without incident.

32 Challenges and consequences - Adventitious Presence (AP)- AP (also Low Level Presence LLP): Incidental Presence of biotech traits already approved in one country, but not yet in the country of import. 2005: Global Adventitious Presence Coalition (GAPC) AP in Commodities (food & feed) Codex ad hoc Task Force on Foods derived from Biotech. => 2008 approved Annex to Codex Plant Guidelines AP in Seeds => ISF WG on AP in Seed => Environmental safety issue => ISF / BIAC proposal to place AP on agenda of OECD WG Harmonization of Regulatory Oversight in Biotech

33 Adventitious Presence Consequences Potential to cause significant trade disruptions Significant burden on the importing country s authorities when adventitious presence is detected Threatened survival of seed companies without the resources and technology to test their seed for adventitious presence of unauthorised GM material

34 Challenges and consequences - Financial burden - Source ESA / Prof. N. Kalaitzandonakes, 2007

35 To summarise ISF supports plant breeders efforts to continually improve plant varieties using the full range of technologies available to them, of which recombinant DNA technology is one ISF considers co-existence to be a purely economic issue that has nothing to do with product/crop safety ISF expects that developers of GM traits - approved for commercialisation, and release for sale - make available the necessary technology for testing adventitious presence of GM traits to seed companies for their internal use For ISF Position Papers, see

36 Thank you for your attention

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