CANARYSEED AGRONOMY in W.E. May Agriculture and Agri-food Canada Indian Head, SK

Transcription

1 CANARYSEED AGRONOMY in 2018 W.E. May Agriculture and Agri-food Canada Indian Head, SK

2 Seeding Date and Seeding Rate

3 Canaryseed Yield Response 1400 to Seeding Date 1200 Yield (lbs/acre) Early May Mid May Early June Mid June

4 1500 Group I Seeding Date Group II Grain Yield (kg/ha) Group IV CV (%) Group I: High mean, low variability (optimal) Group II: High mean, high variability Group III: Low mean, high variability (poor) Group IV: Low mean, low variability Group III

5 Seeding Date Caused Yield Variability 13 site years 1 st seeding Date had highest yield at 6 sites 2nd seeding had highest yield at 3 sites 3 sites did not respond to seeding date

6 Canaryseed Yield Response Yield (lbs/acre) to Seeding Rate Seeding Rate (lbs/acre)

7 Seeding Rates 1700 Group I Group II Grain Yield (kg/ha) Group IV Group I: High mean, low variability (optimal) Group II: High mean, high variability Group III: Low mean, high variability (poor) Group IV: Low mean, low variability CV (%) 15 Group III

8 Control of Wild Oats and Green Foxtail Avadex is registered for control of wild oat rotate out of Group 1 and 2 herbicides Fall application in no-till No registered product to control green foxtail Puma Super is an Unregistered product potential crop damage application window is narrow

9 Broadleaf Weed Control Registered Curtail M, Trophy Prestige Buctril M Dicamba + MCPA amine Dicamba + MCPA + mecoprop Target or Sword

10 Broadleaf Weed Control Avoid 2,4-D mixes Refine extra no visible damage Frontline florasulam delays development

11 Fertility Management

12 Chloride in Canaryseed Response to Chloride not Potassium Use potash to provide chloride

13 No Chloride Chloride

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16 Chloride and Grain yield Yield Grain Yield Yield (lbs/acre) b a a a b b b a a a 0K-0Cl 10K-9.1Cl 20K-18.2Cl 30K-27.3Cl 10K-0Cl 20K-0Cl 30K-0Cl 0K-9.1Cl 0K-18.2Cl 0K-27.3Cl

17 The response of annual canarygrass to chloride at individual sites and years. Year Site Yield increase Residual Cl in soil (kg ha -1 ) (kg ha -1 ) 0-15 cm 2008 CTK loam CTK ellisboro CTK ellisboro CTK loam IH Regina Plain IH Any yield increase above 113 kg ha -1 was significant

18 Vale valley Cultivars and KCL, 2008 Grain Yield (lbs/acre) CDC Bastia CDC Togo Cantate Keet

19 Halford, Oxbow loam Cultivars and KCL, Grain Yield (lbs/acre) CDC Bastia CDC Togo Cantate Keet

20 Halford, Oxbow loam Cultivars and KCL, 2009 Grain Yield (lbs/acre) CDC Bastia CDC Togo Cantate Keet 0 20

21 Macro and Micro Nutrient Trial Nutrients Treatments N P CL S Cu 3 Zinc 3 Cu, Z, Mg, B Yes Yes KCL broadcast 18 CaCl broadcast 18

22 Locations Indian Head Indian Head Agricultural Research Foundation Swift Current - Wheatland Conservation Association Redvers South East Research Farm Yorkton East Central Research Foundation Melfort Melfort Research Farm Scott Scott Research Farm

23 Funding ADF Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture Canaryseed Development Commission of Saskatchewan

24 Grain Yield (lb/acre) 1600 Indian Head N P CL S Cu 3 Zin c 3

25 Grain Yield (lb/acre) Low Area Higher Elevation N P CL S

26 Grain Yield (lb/acre) Swift Current d ab bc a ab ab a a a a a cd ab N P CL KCl CaC l S Cu 3 Zin 3

27 Grain Yield (lb/acre) Melfort abc bc bc abc ab ab abc a abc abc d c d N P CL KCl CaC l S Cu 3 Zin 3

28 Overall Results Chloride: response at 7 out of 19 Phosphate: response at 1 or 2 out of 19 Zinc: response at 1 out of 19 locations

29 Canaryseed Yield Response to Yield (lbs/acre) Nitrogen Rate Nitrogen (lbs/acre)

30 Nitrogen Rates Not Causing Yield Variability 12 site years At 5 sites, yield as N At 2 sites, yield as N At 5 sites no response

31 Nitrogen Response split application Indian Head 2005* Indian Head 2005 Linear (Indian Head 2005*)

32 Canaryseed Yield Response to Yield (lbs/acre) Nitrogen Rate Nitrogen (lbs/acre) Poly. ( ) Linear ( )

33 Canaryseed Yield Response to 2500 Nitrogen Rate Yield (lbs/acre) Nitrogen (lbs/acre) IH 2012 SC 2012 Mel 2012 IH 2013 SC 2013 Mel 2013 Scott 2013 Red 2013 Previous N

34 Nitrogen Rates and Fungicides 8 site years (2012 and 2013) At 5 sites, yield as N 70 kg/ha At 3 sites no response No interaction with fungicide response

35 Overall Results N Fertilizer: response at 18 out of 19 siteyears Optimum amount (eyeing the trend) 15 kg/ha 3 out of kg/ha 8 out of kg/ha 4 out of kg/ha 4 out of 19

36 Septoria Leaf Mottle Nitrogen x Fungicide N Rate (lbs/acre) Fungicide 18 None 36 Stratego

37 Nitrogen and Fungicides Check Stratego Yield (lbs/acre) a b IH 2012 NS SC 2012 a b Mel 2012 NS IH 2013 NS SC 2013 NS Mel 2013 NS Scott 2013 NS Red 2013

38 Nitrogen Response 27 to 54 Lb/acre of actual N is all that is recommended unless growing canaryseed as a forage crop Low N does not mean No N Need enough to even up the field

39 Septoria Leaf Mottle To spray or not to spray that is the question

40 Septoria Leaf Mottle and Yield Tilt Check Yield (lbs/acre) a b a b a b IH 98 IH 99 Melfort 99 a b Melfort 00 Steward V. 99 Steward V. 00

41 Septoria Leaf Mottle and Yield 2500 Check Tilt Stratego Headline Yield (lbs/acre) IH 2004 IH 2005 IH 2006 IH 2007 IH 2008 IH 2009 IH 2010 IH 2011

42 Septoria Leaf Mottle and Yield Check Tilt Stratego Headline Yield (lbs/acre) a a ab b a ab bc c a b b a a b a a a ab b a a a b 0 IH 2008 IH 2009 IH 2010 IH 2011 IH 2012 FS 2008 FS 2009 FS 2010 FS 2011 FS 2012 FS Field Scale Plots

43 Septoria Leaf Mottle Plot Size (ft) 13 x x x x x x 70 Test is conducted in Two fields one with no canaryseed and the other with the rest of the field seeded to canaryseed

44 Fungicide Treatments Check Tilt Twinline Prosaro Prosaro late

45 Plot Size and Septoria Leaf Mottle Plot Size In Canaryseed Field In Canaryseed Field In Canaryseed Field No Yes No Yes No Yes Least Significant Difference (kg/ha) 13 x x x x x x

46 Septoria Leaf Mottle and Yield Check Tilt Twinline Prosaro Prosaro late Yield (lbs/acre) in 2013 out 2014 in 2014 out 2015 in 2015 out 2016 in 2016 out

47 Conclusions After three years the 70 ft plot length is producing more consistent results than the 35 ft plots Funding ADF Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture

48 Aphid Populations in Canaryseed Aphid population (Aphids/head) Jul Jul Jul Jul-14 3-Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug-14 7-Sep-14 Date Head Leaf Sheath

49 Crop Sequences William May, Yantai Gan and Steve Shirtliffe Agriculture and Agri-food Canada Indian Head, Saskatchewan, Canada

50 Crop Sequencing of Large acreage crops and special crops First year all eight crops are seeded in strips Second year all eight crops are seeded across the strips set up in the first year Crops: 1) Hemp 2) Wheat 3) Oat 4) Canola 5) Pea 6) Canaryseed 7) Quinoa 8) Coriander

51 Crop Sequencing of Large acreage crops and special crops

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55 Crop Sequencing of Large acreage crops and special crops First year 2015, 2016, 2017 Second year 2016, 2017, 2018 Locations: 1) Swift Current 2) Saskatoon 3) Indian Head 4) Melfort

56 Funding 1) Government of Saskatchewan 2) Saskatchewan Wheat Development Commission 3) Western Grains Research Foundation 4) Canaryseed Development Commission of SK 5) Prairie Oat Growers Association 6)Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

57 Agronomics Crop Variety Seeding Rate Estimated field emergence (%) N rate (kg/ha) 1 Wheat Unity (2013) 250 plants/m Oat AAC Justice 300 plants/m Canola L plants/m Pea Amarillo 80 plants/m Canaryseed Bastia kg/ha (Melfort- Calvi) 80 6 Hemp Katani 110 plants/m Quinoa 11 kg/ha Coriander 33 kg/ha

58 Plant Density of Harvested Crop Indian Head 2016 Harvested Crop Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander Stubble Plant Density (plants m -2 ) Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander

59 Plant Density of Harvested Crop Swift Current 2016 Harvested Crop Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander Stubble Plant Density (plants m -2 ) Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander

60 Plant Density of Harvested Crop Saskatoon 2016 Harvested Crop Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander Stubble Plant Density (plants m -2 ) Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander

61 Indian Head 2017 Broadleaf stubble

62 Indian Head 2017 Cereal stubble

63 Plant Density of Harvested Crop Indian Head 2017 Stubble Harvested Crop Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander Plant Density (plants m -2 ) Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander

64 Volunteers from Stubble Crop Indian Head 2016 Harvested Crop Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander Stubble Volunteer Biomass (g m -2 ) Wheat 0.0e 0.0e 0.4de 0.0e 0.0e 0.0e 0.5de Oat 0.6de 0.0e 0.0e 0.0e 4.9bcd 0.0e 0.2de Canola 0.0e 0.0e 0.0e 0.0e 0.0e 0.7cde 0.0e Pea 0.0e 0.0e 0.0e 0.0e 0.0e 0.0e 0.0e Canary 1.0cde 0.0e 0.5de 0.0e 0.0e 0.0e 1.5cde Hemp 0.0e 0.0e 0.0e 0.0e 0.0e 0.0e 13.0bc Quinoa 0.0e 0.0e 0.0e 0.0e 0.0e 0.0e 0.0e Coriander 1.2 cde 0.0 e 36.1 abc 3.0 cde 0.6 cde 94.6 ab a

65 Volunteers from Stubble Crop Swift Current 2016 Harvested Crop Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander Stubble Volunteer Biomass (kg ha -1 ) Wheat 9.7h 0.0h 5.4h 0.4h 8.5h 74.6fgh 6.2h 0.0h Oat 7.4h 0.0h 0.0h 0.7h 0.0h 1.9h 0.0h 0.0h Canola 0.4 h 1.6 h bc 4.8 h 0.7 h cde 1220 a a Pea 0.0h 0.0h 0.0h 0.0h 0.0h 0.0h 0.0h 0.0h Canary 0.2h 0.0h 0.1h 0.8h 4.5h 12.6h 0.0h 0.0h Hemp 0.0 h 0.0 h 0.0 h 6.7 h 7.9 h 0.0 e-h e-h d-g Quinoa 0.2h 0.0h 0.7h 0.0h 0.0h 0.0h 3.4h 15.8h Coriander 42.5 gh 22.0 gh 43.9 gh 43.9 gh 46.9 gh b b def

66 Volunteers from Stubble Crop Indian Head 2017 Stubble Harvested Crop Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander Volunteer Biomass (Kg ha -1 ) Wheat 21de 18de 24de 17de 42de 62de 23de 47 de Oat 4de 87de 28de 18de 96de 145cde 281bcd 164 cde Canola 0de 3de 261cde 15de 16de 518b 1119a 410 bc Pea 0de 0de 0de 3de 8de 0de 0de 0de Canary 0de 16de -7e 10de 55de 16de 38de 90 de Hemp 0de 7de 1de 0de 0de 14de 79de 49 de Quinoa 2de 2de 60de 10de 0de 269b-e 128de 84 de Coriander 0de 0de 40de -3de 15de 178cde 86de 208 cde

67 Biomass of Harvested Crop Indian Head 2016 Harvested Crop Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander Stubble Crop Biomass (kg ha -1 ) Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp a Quinoa Coriander b

68 Grain Yield of Harvested Crop Indian Head 2016 Harvested Crop Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander Stubble Grain Yield (kg ha -1 ) Wheat 3216 c 5551 ab 2025 def 2120 de 1571 gh 627 lm 123 op Oat 3283c 5147b 2100de 2112de 1328hij 663lm 97p Canola 3579 c 5562 ab 1891 efg 1904 d-g 1553 gh 699 l 253 n Pea 3648c 5727ab 2274de 1142jk 1363hij 897kl 214no Canary 3581 c 5149 b 2148 de 1677 fgh 849 l 658 lm 124 op Hemp 3647 c 6104 a 2136 de 1915 d-g 1224 ij 716 l 224 no Quinoa 3639c 6020a 2288d 2066de 1454hij 646lm 129op Coriander 3453 c 5706 ab 1516 hi 2006 def 1427 hij 476 m 13 q

69 Biomass of Harvested Crop Swift Current 2016 Harvested Crop Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander Stubble Crop Biomass (kg ha -1 ) Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander

70 Grain Yield of Harvested Crop Swift Current 2016 Harvested Crop Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander Stubble Grain Yield (kg ha -1 ) Wheat c Oat c Canola c Pea a Canary bc Hemp a Quinoa a Coriander ab

71 Biomass of Harvested Crop Saskatoon 2016 Harvested Crop Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander Stubble Crop Biomass (kg ha -1 ) Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander

72 Grain Yield of Harvested Crop Saskatoon 2016 Harvested Crop Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander Stubble Grain Yield (kg ha -1 ) Wheat ab Oat cd Canola a Pea a Canary bc Hemp bc Quinoa a Coriander cd

73 Biomass of Harvested Crop Indian Head 2017 Stubble Harvested Crop Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander Crop Biomass (kg ha -1 ) Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander

74 Grain Yield of Harvested Crop Indian Head 2017 Harvested Crop Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander Stubble Grain Yield (kg ha -1 ) Wheat Oat Canola Pea Canary Hemp Quinoa Coriander

75 Problems Paper work to include hemp in trial is a large cost in time and effort Quinoa germination and insect pressure Coriander did not spray in time for blossom blight control in 2016

76 Conclusions so far Coriander did not seem to benefit from Pea stubble as extra N Dry conditions after seeding (2.5 inches in June) gave cereal stubbles an advantage over broadleaf stubbles Coriander is a significant problems as a volunteer weed Coriander variable as a stubble to seed in to when moisture stress after seeding was not high.

77 Conclusions so far In reality this is just scraping the surface

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