Montpellier, 13 Juillet, 2011

Transcription

1 Systèmes d information et approches pour l évaluation de la performance environnementale des filières d élevage au niveau mondial Montpellier, 13 Juillet, 2011

2 La problématique Évaluation basés sur des entités géographiques Évaluation basée sur l analyses en cycle de vie Partnenariat pour le référencement et le suivi de la performance environnementale des filières d élevage. 2

3 Livestock sector growth will continue Livestock s impact on the environment is substantial (land, water, nutrients, climate, biodiversity) Productivity and environmental performance vary hugely Closing the performance gap can yield substantial benefits regarding resource use efficiency Large improvements won t happen by themselves 3

4

5 OECD agri-environmental indicators Environmental Performance of Agriculture in OECD countries since 1990 (2008) EUROSTAT FAOSTAT, FRA Joint preparation of the 2nd edition Joint OECD/Eurostat Working Group on Environment Information and Outlooks I. Soil II. Water III. Air and Climate Change IV. Biodiversity V. Agricultural Inputs 5

6 Methane (CH4) National total CH4 Agricultural total CH4 CH4 emissions from agriculture soil CH4 emissions from grassland CH4 emissions from rice cultivation CH4 emissions from field burning of agricultural residues CH4 emissions from livestock enteric fermentation CH4 emissions from livestock waste 6

7 Nitrogen content of crops and livestock Nitrogen content of inorganic and organic fertiliser products Nitrogen content of livestock manure production Nitrogen content of livestock manure: withdrawals, changes in stocks and imports Nitrogen uptake by crops and forage Nitrogen content of seeds and planting materials Nitrogen input from biological nitrogen fixation Nitrogen atmospheric deposition on agricultural land 7

8 Country reports to UNFCCC Increasing availability of GIS data 8

9 N-leaching in Danish municipalities 9

10 Aggregated view on a geographical unit / production system Based on national reports: accepted and updated Macro-level guidance Not very suitable to inform action among industry / consumer 10

11

12 An overview of livestock food chains (LFC) Feed Animal production Consumer Transport and processing Retail 12

13 Top 10 regional flows of CO 2 embedded in goods and commodities Total Flows (GtCO 2 ) 2004 Data % 3% 4% 4% 4% 4% 5% 6% Other 10. Europe to North America 9. Rest of Asia to North America 8. Africa to Europe 7. China to Japan 6. North America to Europe 5. Rest of Asia to Europe 4. Russia to Europe % 3. China to Rest of Asia 0.6 8% 2. China to Europe % 1. China to North America 0.0 Note: Rest of Asia excludes China, Japan and India Data includes flow of Scope 1-3 (direct, indirect and upstream) emissions arising in region of export that are embodied in trade flows to the region of import Source: Carbon Trust Analysis; CICERO / SEI / CMU GTAP7 EEBT Model 13

14 A consumption perspective alters the distribution of emissions between countries 2004 Data Percentage change in territorial emissions to reflect impact of consumption of CO 2 120% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% -20% -40% -60% Hong Kong Sweden France Spain UK Germany Italy Japan USA Australia India Brazil Canada Poland Rest of West Asia 2004 territorial CO 2 emissions (27Gt) Russia Czech Republic Non-Annex 1 1 Other Annex 1 1 China EU Ukraine South Africa 1. Annex 1 to UNFCCC Note 1: Includes CO 2 emissions from production, process, transport and household sources only (27Gt in 2004); excludes non-co2 emissions, and emissions due to land-use-change Note 2: Based on an MRIO (multi region input/output) model allocating emissions to regions of consumption 14 Source: Carbon Trust Analysis; CICERO / SEI / CMU GTAP7 MRIO Model (2004)

15 25% 25% 50% 25% 15

16 HERD MODULE Input: Output: Number of cattle No of milked cows Slaughter weights etc Herd structure Live weights FEED MODULE Inputs: Outputs: Number of cattle Feed area and yield Mechanisation Concentrate use Feed basket, i.e. ration, digestibility, land use, emissions per unit of feed EMISSION MODULE Input: Outputs: Manure management system Calculates animal energy and feed req t; emissions from animals and manure; emissions from feed production; system production System production, emissions, land use. ALLOCATION MODULE Outputs: Meat and milk protein Allocation of emissions to products Emissions per unit product

17 Supports the identification of most effective points of interventions Avoids pollution swapping along the chain Can be combined with other food chain analysis, e.g. stakeholder analysis, HCCP Limits of intensity metrics 17

18

19 Move from the assessment of livestock and environment interactions to the direct support of action Demand expressed by Private Sector and Member Countries Aligned with FAO s Strategic Framework and strategy on partnerships Assessment of environmental performance of livestock food chains needs to be inclusive

20 Global Research Alliance Animal Change UNEP/SETAC International Life Cycle Initiative Agri-BALYSE Global Agenda of Action European Food Sustainable Consumption and Production Round Table Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef SAI platform Common Carbon Footprint Approach for Dairy: The IDF guide to standard lifecycle assessment methodology for the dairy sector Standards, e.g. ISO, PAS2050, WRI... Involve companies, private sector organizations, Governments, civil society

21 Focus on livestock food chains: sector specific guidance Environmental performance: benchmarking and monitoring change - continuous improvement Range of environmental criteria: GHG emissions, water, nutrient cycles, etc. Rely on a core analytical capacity and related databases Multi-stakeholder: private sector organizations, Governments, civil society

22 Vision: improved environmental performance of the livestock sector, while considering economic and social viability Objective: The vision is supported through guidance on environmental performance assessment and its use. Outputs: Improved assessment of the LS environmental performance : supported or developed tools and databases a comprehensive set of environmental performance indicators is defined methods are informed by and fed into existing standards, and ISO in particular capacity built within the membership improved communication Implementation through a partnership involving private sector representatives, civil society, FAO and FAO Member Countries 22

23 Information influences action Potential environmental gains are substantial Most impacts take place upstream but market signals and standards issued downstream LCA complementary to system analysis (forces to identify main outputs) Promising developments 23