On the Farm Pest Management. Wizzie Brown Extension Program Specialist-IPM Travis County

Transcription

1 On the Farm Pest Management Wizzie Brown Extension Program Specialist-IPM Travis County

2 Integrated Pest Management What is IPM? Methods to manage pest populations Does IPM include pesticides? Benefits Limitations Cornell

3 IPM Program Steps Prevention Cultural controls, structural modifications, sanitation, biological control, barriers, pest-resistant varieties Monitoring Regularly checking, identification Assessment Thresholds Action Reassessment Texas A&M University

4 N (population) Economic Injury Level Management Management Economic injury level (break even point) Economic threshold level ( take action level) time EIL is the point when economic damage that occurs from insect injury equals the cost of managing that insect population- take into account value of crop, cost of insecticide, amount of damage.

5 Integrated Pest Management Tips Always identify the insect Pest vs. beneficial

6 Pest or Not a Pest? Michael Potter

7 Michigan State University Texas AgriLife Extension Service Michael Potter

8 Ladybug vs. Spotted cucumber beetle

9 Assassin bug vs. leaf-footed bug

10 Biological Control Using other organisms to control a pest Conservation Augmentation Classical or Importation forestryimages.org potatobeetle.org

11 Integrated Pest Management Tips Always identify the insect Pest vs. beneficial Diagnose the plant problem

12 Are ANTS really killing your plant?

13 Integrated Pest Management Tips Always identify the insect Pest vs. beneficial Diagnose the plant problem Inspect regularly- monitor

14 Differences in Inspection From a distance- admiring Up close- inspecting The Spruce UGA CAES

15 Integrated Pest Management Tips Always identify the insect Pest vs. beneficial Diagnose the plant problem Inspect regularly- monitor Use practices that help to avoid insect problems Sanitation, proper watering, proper fertilization, proper spacing

16 Good practices Eatingniagra.com City of Frisco, TX Flowers magazine Learn2grow.com

17 Cultural Control Modifications to normal plant care to reduce or avoid pest problems University of Florida drlawnenterprise.com Aggie Horticulture Monrovia urbangardencasual.com Article on trap crops, intercropping, & companion planting: Article on companion planting:

18 Integrated Pest Management Tips Always identify the insect Pest vs. beneficial Diagnose the plant problem Inspect regularly- monitor Use practices that help to avoid insect problems Sanitation, proper watering, proper fertilization, proper spacing Use row cover properly and before pests are a problem

19 Proper use of row cover NO! YES! Colorado Coop Extension wingsofdawnfarm Daphne s dandelions

20 Mechanical Control plantgardens101.com Black & Decker Use of labor, materials (not pesticides) & machinery to reduce pests Texas A&M University Diy network

21 Physical Control Growing real food Environmental manipulations that indirectly control pests Altering light, humidity, temperature Leslie Doyle The Tree Center

22 Integrated Pest Management Tips Always identify the insect Pest vs. beneficial Diagnose the plant problem Inspect regularly- monitor Use practices that help to avoid insect problems Sanitation, proper watering, proper fertilization, proper spacing Use row cover properly and before pests are a problem Conserve beneficial insects Make WISE pesticide choices

23 Using pesticides wisely Use targeted pesticides Target treatment area Read & follow label instructions Texas is a SITE state Pesticide licensing eprivateapplicatorlicense.aspx Workers applying need WPS training tection/wpsdutiesofemployers.aspx Organics licensing

24 Quick & handy pesticide information Insecticidal soap- no residual Homemade versions? Works well on small, soft bodied pests Botanicals- plant derived Often degrade rapidly; use with care Azadirachtin Works in variety of ways, different formulations Citrus products- use pesticide formulations, not cleaning Horticultural oils Different types- summer vs. dormant oils Do not use over 85 degrees If pests are over ½ then naturally derived products will not work as well

25 Quick & handy pesticide information Inorganics- boric acid, DE, etc. Target use Use dust mask/ respirator Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Different varieties target different pests Spinosad Works well on pests that eat a lot of foliage Synthetics May have a place depending on what you want to achieve May be able to apply synthetic product one time to manage pest instead of repeated applications of naturally-derived products If pests are over ½ then naturally derived products will not work as well

26 Regarding pesticides Arsenic poisoning ALL pesticides are meant to kill Worldbank.org Pyrethrum poisoning Misapplication of mothballs Realmudgarden.com Encyclopedia.com Just because something is natural does NOT mean it is safe!

27 Soil pests- corn rootworm Leave garden fallow for a season Solarization Weed management Conserve beneficial insects Soil treatment Pesticides Samford University

28 Borers- Squash vine borer Plant less-susceptible varieties Plant early/ late Plant extra Destroy egg masses Row cover Surgery on vine Bt injection University of Kentucky Bruce Leander

29 John L. Capinera, University of Florida Borers- Pickleworm & melonworm Alton N. Sparks, University of Georgia Feed on cucurbits Melonworm typically feeds on foliage, but may move into fruit Pickleworm starts on flowers & then moves to fruit Plant less-susceptible varieties Plant early Row cover Sanitation/ weed control Trap cropping (w/ squash) Clemson University

30 Sap feeders- Aphids, mealybugs, scales, hoppers, whiteflies

31 Sap feeders- Aphids, mealybugs, scales, hoppers, whiteflies Yellowing, stunting, curling, honeydew (sooty mold), transmit viruses NCSU

32 Sap feeders- Aphids, mealybugs, scales, hoppers, whiteflies Weed management Proper watering & fertilization High pressure water spray Control ants Pruning, removal of infested areas Row covers Pesticides Insecticidal soap Horticultural oils Botanicals Synthetic contacts Systemics

33 Sap feeders- Stink & harlequin bugs Shield-shaped; triangle on back, variable color Yellowing, curling, stunting J. Obermeyer Conserve beneficial organisms Weed management Destroy egg masses Hand picking Vacuuming Row cover Pesticides

34 Sap feeders- Squash bug Resistant varieties- Butternut, Royal Acorn, Sweet Cheese Sanitation Traps- wooden boards/ cardboard Row covers Trellising Conserve beneficial insects Hand picking Destroy egg masses Beneficial insects Pesticides

35 Sap feeders- Leaf footed bug Medium sized, greyishbrown, expanded region on hindleg Feeding on seed & fruit, pinpoint with discoloartion NCSU Conserve beneficial organisms Sanitation Row covers Hand picking Vacuuming Destroy egg masses Pesticides Alabama Cooperative Extension System

36 Foliage feeders- Spider mites Conserve beneficial insects Weed management Sanitation Proper watering Proper fertilizing Pesticides

37 Foliage feeders- Grasshoppers Enlarged hind legs; extended pronotum Foliage feeder Conserve beneficial organisms Treat immature stage Row cover Pesticides Nosema locustae Spinosad Botanicals Synthetic contacts Systemics

38 Foliage feeders- Flea beetle Conserve beneficial organisms Weed management Crop rotation Row cover Sanitation Destroy eggs base of plant) Pesticides

39 Foliage feeders- Corn earworm Tomato fruitworm, bollworm, soybean podworm Conserve beneficial insects Pesticides Purdue NCSU

40 Foliage feeders- Cutworms Conserve beneficial insects Weed management Sanitation Ring around seedlings Pesticides

41 Foliage feeders- Armyworm Conserve beneficial insects Weed management Hand pick Vacuum Pesticide NCSU Fall armyworm Beet armyworm

42 Foliage feeders- Cabbage looper Conserve beneficial insects Row cover Hand pick Vacuum Pesticides

43 Foliage feeders- Hornworms Conserve beneficial insects Tilling Crop rotation Row cover Handpick Vacuum Pesticides

44 Resources Books: Garden Insects by Whitney Cranshaw Wizzie Brown Facebook: